al-Hakam ibn Awana
{{Short description|Umayyad governor of Sind (731–740)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Al-Hakam ibn Awana
| image = Coinage of al-Hakam bin Awana al-Kalbi, Umayyad governor of Sindh (circa AH 111-123 AD 731-740).jpg
| caption = Coinage of al-Hakam bin Awana al-Kalbi, Umayyad governor of Sindh
| office = Umayyad Governor of Sindh
| term_start = 731
| term_end = 740
| appointed_by =
| predecessor = Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi
| successor =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 740
| death_place = india
| nationality = Umayyad
| party =
| spouse =
| children = Awana ibn al-Hakam
| occupation = Governor
| profession =
| religion =
| alma_mater =
| campaigns =
| notable_works =
| appointer = Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
| military_blank1 = Allegiance
| military_data1 = {{flagicon image|Umayyad Flag.svg}} Umayyad Caliphate
}}
Al-Hakam ibn Awana ({{Langx|ar|الحكم بن عوانة الكلبي}}) was the Umayyad governor of Sindh in 731–740.Wink, André. Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries. 3rd ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. {{ISBN|90-04-09249-8}} He was appointed by Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik after the death of the governor Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi, Al-Hakam restored order to Sindh and Kush and built secure fortifications at al-Mahfuzah and al-Mansur, and proceeded to retake lands previously conquered by al-Junayd.
The campaign
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Campaign of Al hakam
| partof = Umayyad campaigns in India
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = File:Arab Caliphate Flag.png Umayyad Caliphate
| combatant2 = File:Flag of Hinduism.svgChavda dynasty
File:Flag of Hinduism.svgGurjara-Pratihara dynasty
File:Flag of Hinduism.svgChalukyas of Navasarika
File:Flag of Hinduism.svgMaurya
File:Flag of Hinduism.svgKachchh Kingdom
File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Saindhava
File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Gurjaras of Lata
File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Maitraka dynasty
| commander1 = File:Arab Caliphate Flag.png Al hakam ibn awana
| commander2 = File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Pushyadeva
File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Dhavala
File:Flag of Hinduism.svgUnknown chavda king{{KIA}}
File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Jayabhata IV
File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Siladitya IV
File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Avani-janashraya Pulakeshin
File:Flag of Hinduism.svg Nagabhata I
| image = Western India WV.svg
| caption =
| date = 731-740
| result = (731-738) Successful arab raids
• Fall of Gurjara of Lata
• Fall of moris
| territory =
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
}}
Arab sources do not mention details of the campaigns, but recorded Indian sources mentioned some victories over the Arab forces also they have mentioned about the kings who were defeated by Arabs in the battles. The Navsari inscription of Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin state that the Arabs had advanced up to Navsari after defeating the rulers of the Saindhava, Kachchhelas, Saurashtra, Chávoṭakas, Mauryas, the Gurjara, and other.{{Cite book |last=Diwakar |first=Ranganath Ramachandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4L61AAAAIAAJ&q=arab+saindhava+maurya+gurjara+defeated |title=Karnataka Through the Ages: From Prehistoric Times to the Day of the Independence of India |date=1968 |publisher=Literary and Cultural Development Department] Government of Mysore |pages=267 |language=en}}
Plates of the Chalukyas dated 120-21/738-39 prove that some time shortly before, the Muslims had plundered the Saindhava of
Bhumilka in West Kathiawar, the Kachchellas of kutch, the Maitrakas of Saurashtra, the Chavda of South Rajasthan, and the Mauryas of Chitor, This list strongly resembles that of the territories conquered by al-Junayd a dozen years earlier and subsequently lost. Since these conquests had been lost under Tamim Zayd, and since the Muslims had again reached the southeastern corner of Gujarat by 121/739, we must conclude that al-Hakam or his lieutenants had indeed reconquered all these territories.{{Cite book |last=Blankinship |first=Khalid Yahya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjP0i6FSfLwC&q=end+of+jihad+state+by+blankenship+pdf+download |title=The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads |date=1994-06-28 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-9683-1 |pages=188 |language=en}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-bef
| before = Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Governor of Sind
| years = 731-740
}}
{{s-aft
| after = Amr ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi
}}
{{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hakam ibn Awana}}
Category:Umayyad governors of Sind
Category:8th-century Arab people
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