al-Ja'una

Broken pillars and a capital have been found here.Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/224/mode/1up 224]

Al-Ja'una was mentioned in the 1596 Ottoman census as being a village in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Jira, in the Safad Sanjak, with 27 households and 4 bachelors, an estimated population of 171. All the villagers were Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, olives, goats, beehives, and a powered mill; a total of 2,832 akçe. 1/12 of the revenue went to a Muslim charitable institution.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 177. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 458Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420031504/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |date=2019-04-20 }} writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 177

The village appeared under the name of Gahoun on the map that Pierre Jacotin compiled during Napoleon's invasion of 1799.Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 165] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2019-12-22 }}

In 1838, it was noted as el-Ja'uneh, a Muslim village, located in the el-Khait district.Robinson and Smith, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/136/mode/1up 136]

In 1875, Victor Guérin found that Al-Ja'una had 200 Muslim inhabitants.Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n494/mode/1up 454]

File:Jaauneh - Rosh Pina - PEF map 1880.jpg

In 1881 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a stone village of 140-200 residents who grew figs and olives. There were two springs in a wadi, south of the village. A mosque and an elementary school for boys was established in the village in Ottoman times.Khalidi, 1992, p. 458

The settlement of Rosh Pinna is located to the southeast of the village site. It was first established in 1878 on land purchased from the villagers of al-Ja'una but has expanded over the years to include part of the former village land of Al-Ja'una.

Laurence Oliphant visited Rosh Pinna and Al-Ja'una in 1886, and wrote:

"Jauna, which was the name of the village to which I was bound, was situated about three miles (5 km) from Safad, in a gorge, from which, as we descended it, a magnificent view was obtained over the Jordan valley, with the Lake of Tiberias lying three thousand feet below us on the right, and the waters of Merom, or the Lake of Huleh, on the left. The intervening plain was a rich expanse of country, only waiting development. The new colony had been established about eight months, the land having been purchased from the Moslem villagers, of whom twenty families remained, who lived on terms of perfect amity with the Jews."Oliphant, 1887, [https://archive.org/stream/haifaorlifeinmod00olipuoft#page/71/mode/1up p.71]

A population list from about 1887 showed Ja’auneh to have about 930 inhabitants; 555 Muslims and 375 Druze.Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n214/mode/1up 189]

File:THE ARAB PART OF ROSH PINA ON TOP OF THE JEWISH VILLAGE. המושבה ראש פינה.D30-043.jpg

File:Rosh Pina PB160062.JPG

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Ja'uneh had a population of 626; all Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Safad, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n43/mode/1up 41] increasing in the 1931 census to 799, still all Muslims, in a total of 149 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 107]

Felix Salten visited Rosh Pinna in 1924 and noted also Al-Ja'una in his travel book Neue Menschen auf alter Erde:

“Right next to Rosh Pin[n]a, the Arab village Dzha’une. These early settlers still employ Arab workers, a practice that naturally had to cease within the new rebuilding movement. The Arabian children of Dzha’une all go to school that has been built for them by the settlement [of Rosh Pinna] and they are taught Hebrew there.”{{cite book | last=Salten | first=Felix | title=Neue Menschen auf alter Erde: Eine Palästinafahrt | location=Wien | publisher=Paul Zsolnay Verlag | year=1925 | page=222 | language=de | lccn=25023844 }}

In the 1945 statistics the population was 1,150 Muslims, and the total land area was 839 dunums; 824 of which were owned by Arabs, 7 by Jews, and 8 public. Of this, 172 dunums were plantations and irrigable land, 248 used for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Safad/Page-119.jpg 119] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152125/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Safad/Page-119.jpg |date=2015-09-24 }} while 43 dunams were built-up (urban) land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Safad/Page-169.jpg 169] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153435/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Safad/Page-169.jpg |date=2015-09-24 }}

{{further|1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight}}

File:GalileeRoshPina.JPG

The village was forcibly depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. According to Israeli historian Benny Morris, the evacuation of the residents took place either in late April, or on 9 May, coinciding with the final attack on Safad.Khalidi, 1992, p. 459

At midnight on 5–6 June 1949, the remaining villagers in Al-Ja'una (together with those of Al-Khisas and Qaytiyya) were surrounded by Israeli Defence Force units, who then forced the villagers into trucks "with brutality—with kicks, curses and maltreatment...." (according to Knesset member and Al HaMishmar editor Eliezer Peri) and left them on a hill near 'Akbara.Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA511 511]-512 When questioned about the expulsions, David Ben-Gurion responded that there was "sufficient" military justification.Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA512 512], note 51 'Akbara served as a "dumping spot" for the "remainders" from various depopulated Palestinian villages, and its conditions were to remain bad for years.Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA513 513], note 54

Walid Khalidi, writing in 1992 about the remains of Al-Ja'una, stated: "The settlement of Rosh Pinna occupies the village site. Many of the houses remain; some are used by the residents of the settlement; other stone houses have been abandoned and destroyed."

• List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war
• Abdallah Al-Asbah

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book |editor = Barron, J. B. |title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url = https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine |year = 1923 }}
• {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=1}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
• {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=2009-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite book

|last1=Hütteroth|first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah

|title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft |isbn=3-920405-41-2 }}

• {{cite journal|author = Karmon, Y.|title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine|url = http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|journal = Israel Exploration Journal|volume = 10|issue = 3,4|year = 1960|pages = 155–173; 244–253|access-date = 2015-04-27|archive-date = 2019-12-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|url-status = dead}}
• {{cite book|title=All That Remains:The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ|first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|isbn=0-88728-224-5}}
• {{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas | url = https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932 }}
• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C|first=B.|last=Morris|author-link=Benny Morris|year=2004|title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
• {{cite book|title=Haifa, or Life in Modern Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/haifaorlifeinmod00olipuoft|first=L.|last=Oliphant|author-link=Laurence Oliphant (author)|year=1887}}
• {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}} (p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/71/mode/1up 71])
• {{cite book|last=Rhode|first=H.|author-link=Harold Rhode|date=1979|url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845|title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century|publisher=Columbia University|access-date=2017-12-02|archive-date=2020-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301141739/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft|title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|location=Boston|publisher=Crocker & Brewster|volume=3}}
• {{cite journal | last = Schumacher | first = G. | author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher | title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = 169–191 | url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888 }}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/Safad/al-Ja'una/index.html Welcome To al-Ja'una], Palestine Remembered
• [http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49080 Al-Ja'una], Zochrot
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8367 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.04.jpg Wikimedia commons]
• [http://www.alnakba.org/villages/safad/jauna.htm al-Ja'una], from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071019112822/http://www.villagesofpalestine.com/AlJaUna.htm Al-Ja`una], Dr. Khalil Rizk.
• [http://www.jalili48.com/pub/EN_ShowGallary.asp?GName=What_Remained_of_the_destroyed&SuName=Al-Ja3ooneh Al-Ja3ooneh], from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090124212115/http://domino.un.org/maps/m0103_1b.gif UN map of the 1947 plan]
• [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/310630/page/ The Destroyed Palestinian Villages on Google Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122092314/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/310630/page |date=2008-11-22 }}
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xr9JXQqQz00 Tracing all That Remains of al-Ja'una-جاعونة المدمرة-فلسطين], video, YouTube

{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Ja'una}}

Category:District of Safad

Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War