amesergide

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}

{{Drugbox

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| IUPAC_name = (6aR,9R,10aR)-N-Cyclohexyl-7-methyl-4-propan-2-yl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide

| image = Amesergide.svg

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| routes_of_administration = By mouth

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| CAS_number = 121588-75-8

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| PubChem = 9821951

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| ChemSpiderID = 7997700

| UNII = EJL329H95R

| KEGG = D02893

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| ChEMBL = 160293

| synonyms = LY-237733; N-Cyclohexyl-11-isopropyllysergamide

| C=25 | H=35 | N=3 | O=1

| SMILES = CC(C)N1C=C2C[C@@H]3[C@H](C[C@H](CN3C)C(=O)NC4CCCCC4)C5=C2C1=CC=C5

| StdInChI_Ref =

| StdInChI = 1S/C25H35N3O/c1-16(2)28-15-17-13-23-21(20-10-7-11-22(28)24(17)20)12-18(14-27(23)3)25(29)26-19-8-5-4-6-9-19/h7,10-11,15-16,18-19,21,23H,4-6,8-9,12-14H2,1-3H3,(H,26,29)/t18-,21-,23-/m1/s1

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| StdInChIKey = KEMOOQHMCGCZKH-JMUQELJHSA-N

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Amesergide ({{abbrlink|INN|International Nonproprietary Name}}, {{abbrlink|USAN|United States Adopted Name}}; developmental code name LY-237733) is a serotonin receptor antagonist of the ergoline and lysergamide families related to methysergide which was under development by Eli Lilly and Company for the treatment of a variety of conditions including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, male sexual dysfunction, migraine, and thrombosis but was never marketed.{{Cite web | url=http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001117 |title = Amesergide | work = AdisInsight | publisher = Springer Nature Switzerland AG }}{{cite book|author=William Andrew Publishing|title=Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_J2ti4EkYpkC&pg=PA239|date=22 October 2013|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-8155-1856-3|pages=239–}}{{cite book | vauthors = Pertz HE, Eich EC | chapter = Ergot alkaloids and their derivatives as ligands for serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and adrenergic receptors. | title = Ergot: The Genus Claviceps. | location = Amsterdam | publisher = Harwood Academic Publishers | date = 1999 | pages = 411–440 | isbn = 978-0-429-21976-4 | chapter-url = http://chemistry.mdma.ch/hiveboard/palladium/pdf/Ergot%20-%20The%20Genus%20Claviceps%20(1999)/TF3168ch14.pdf }} It reached phase II clinical trials for the treatment of depression, erectile dysfunction, and premature ejaculation prior to the discontinuation of its development.

Pharmacology

=Pharmacodynamics=

Amesergide acts as a selective antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors (Ki = 1.96–15.1 nM). It is also an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT7 receptor with relatively lower affinity (Ki = 78.0 nM).{{cite journal | vauthors = Leopoldo M | title = Serotonin(7) receptors (5-HT(7)Rs) and their ligands | journal = Current Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 629–661 | date = March 2004 | pmid = 15032609 | doi = 10.2174/0929867043455828 }} The drug is a potent antagonist of the α2-adrenergic receptor in addition to the 5-HT2 receptors via its major active metabolite 4-hydroxyamesergide (Ki = 13 nM).{{cite book | vauthors = Feltner DE | chapter = New Molecules and New Therapies in Psychopharmacology | veditors = Hertzman M, Feltner DE |title=The Handbook of Psychopharmacology Trials: An Overview of Scientific, Political, and Ethical Concerns| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mn9lrAQ_nxUC&pg=PA390|date=June 1997|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-3532-9|pages=390–}} This profile of activity is similar to that of the so-called noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) mirtazapine (Remeron).{{cite journal | vauthors = Stimmel GL, Dopheide JA, Stahl SM | title = Mirtazapine: an antidepressant with noradrenergic and specific serotonergic effects | journal = Pharmacotherapy | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 10–21 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9017762 | doi = 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03674.x | url = https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03674.x | access-date = 2020-08-28 | url-access = subscription | url-status = dead | s2cid = 2454536 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210525180455/https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03674.x | archive-date = 2021-05-25 }}

Amesergide also has affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1D receptor (Ki = 57.9 nM) and lower affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1A, α1-adrenergic, and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors (Ki = 150–730 nM). It has negligible affinity for the histamine H1 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (Ki > 10,000 nM). The drug does not appear to have been assessed at the serotonin 5-HT1E, 5-HT1F, 5-HT4, 5-HT5A, and 5-HT6 receptors, nor at the dopamine D3, D4, and D5 receptors.

class="wikitable"

|+ Affinities of amesergide at various sites{{cite web | title = PDSP Ki Database | work = Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP)|author1-link=Bryan Roth | vauthors = Roth BL, Driscol J | publisher = University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health | access-date = 14 August 2017 | url = https://pdsp.unc.edu/databases/pdsp.php?knowID=0&kiKey=&receptorDD=&receptor=&speciesDD=&species=&sourcesDD=&source=&hotLigandDD=&hotLigand=&testDDRadio=testDDRadio&testLigandDD=782&testLigand=&referenceDD=&reference=&KiGreater=&KiLess=&doQuery=Submit+Query}}

SiteAffinity (Ki [nM])SpeciesSource
5-HT1A177.3Rat{{cite journal | vauthors = Foreman MM, Fuller RW, Nelson DL, Calligaro DO, Kurz KD, Misner JW, Garbrecht WL, Parli CJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Preclinical studies on LY237733, a potent and selective serotonergic antagonist | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 260 | issue = 1 | pages = 51–57 | date = January 1992 | pmid = 1731051 }}
5-HT1B???
5-HT1D57.9Cow
5-HT2A15.1
12.4
Human
Rat
{{cite journal | vauthors = Wainscott DB, Lucaites VL, Kursar JD, Baez M, Nelson DL | title = Pharmacologic characterization of the human 5-hydroxytryptamine2B receptor: evidence for species differences | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 276 | issue = 2 | pages = 720–727 | date = February 1996 | pmid = 8632342 }}
5-HT2B1.96Human
5-HT2C6.27
13.27
Human
Pig

5-HT3>10,000Rat
5-HT6???
5-HT778.0Human{{cite journal | vauthors = Cushing DJ, Zgombick JM, Nelson DL, Cohen ML | title = LY215840, a high-affinity 5-HT7 receptor ligand, blocks serotonin-induced relaxation in canine coronary artery | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 277 | issue = 3 | pages = 1560–1566 | date = June 1996 | pmid = 8667223 }}
α1730Rat
α250
13 ({{abbr|MB|Metabolite}})
Rat
{{cite journal | vauthors = Cohen ML, Kurz KD, Fuller RW, Calligaro DO | title = Comparative 5-HT2-receptor antagonist activity of amesergide and its active metabolite 4-hydroxyamesergide in rats and rabbits | journal = The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology | volume = 46 | issue = 3 | pages = 226–229 | date = March 1994 | pmid = 8027933 | doi = 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03784.x | s2cid = 36915233 }}
β>10,000Rat
D1150Rat
D2520Rat
H1>10,000Rat
{{abbrlink|mACh|Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor}}>10,000Rat
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| colspan="4" style="width: 1px; background-color:#eaecf0; text-align: center;" | Notes: The smaller the affinity value, the more strongly the drug binds to the site.

References

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