atlantogenata

{{Update|reason=Newest reference is 15-years-old. Taxonomy changes rapidly, as massive amounts of new data are produced|date=December 2024}}

{{Short description|Proposed magnorder of mammals}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Paleocene|earliest=124.9|Recent}}

| image = Atlantogenata.jpg

| taxon = Atlantogenata

| authority = Waddell et al, 1999{{Cite journal | last1 = Waddell | first1 = Peter J.| last2 = Cao | first2 = Ying | last3 = Hasegawa | first3 = Masami | last4 = Mindell | first4 = David P. | doi = 10.1080/106351599260481 | title = Assessing the Cretaceous Superordinal Divergence Times within Birds and Placental Mammals by Using Whole Mitochondrial Protein Sequences and an Extended Statistical Framework | journal = Systematic Biology | volume = 48 | issue = 1 | pages = 119–137 | year = 1999| pmid = 12078636| doi-access = free }}

| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups

| subdivision = *Superorder Afrotheria:

• Clade Afroinsectiphilia
• Clade Paenungulata
• Superorder Xenarthra:
• Order Cingulata (armadillos)
• Order Pilosa (anteaters, sloths)

| range_map = Atlantogenata map cropped.jpg

| synonyms =

• Atlantogenta {{small|(Phillips, 2001)}}M. J. Phillips, Y. H. Lin, G. L. Harrison and D. Penny (2001.) [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2001.1677 "Mitochondrial genomes of a bandicoot and a brushtail possum confirm the monophyly of australidelphian marsupials."] Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268:1533-1538
• Notoplacentalia {{small|(Arnason, 2008)}}Arnason U., Adegoke J. A., Gullberg A., Harley E. H., Janke A., Kullberg M. (2008.) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18590805/ "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences."] Gene.; 421(1-2):37–51
• Xenafrotheria {{small|(Asher, 2005)}}Asher R. J. (2005.) "Insectivoran grade placental mammals: character evolution and fossil history." In: K. D. Rose and J. D. Archibold [https://books.google.ba/books?id=DhchVG_rbQ8C&dq=ravenictis&hl=sr&source=gbs_navlinks_s "The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Major Extant Clades"], Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8022-3}}

}}

Atlantogenata ("born around the Atlantic Ocean"){{cite book|author=Ian R. Tizard|title=Comparative Mammalian Immunology: The Evolution and Diversity of the Immune Systems of Mammals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4GEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA411|access-date=16 December 2024|year=2023|page=411|publisher=Academic Press|isbn= 978-0-32395-220-0}} is a proposed magnorder of placental mammals containing the cohorts or superorders Xenarthra and Afrotheria. These groups originated and radiated in the South American and African continents, respectively, presumably in the Cretaceous. Together with Boreoeutheria, they make up Placentalia. The monophyly of this grouping is supported by some genetic evidence.{{Cite journal | last1 = Waddell | first1 = Peter J.| last2 = Okada | first2 = Norohiro| last3 = Hasegawa | first3 = Masami| doi = 10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1 | title = Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals | journal = Systematic Biology | volume = 48 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–5 | year = 1999 | pmid = 12078634| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | last1 = Murphy | first1 = W.J. | last2 = Pringle | first2 = T.H. | last3 = Crider | first3 = T.A. | last4 = Springer | first4 = M.S. | last5 = Miller | first5 = W. | year = 2007 | title = Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny | journal = Genome Research | volume = 17 | issue = 4| pages = 413–421 | doi=10.1101/gr.5918807 | pmid=17322288 | pmc=1832088}}

Alternative hypotheses are that Boreoeutheria and Afrotheria combine to form Epitheria (as generally supported by anatomical and other physiological evidence) or that Boreoeutheria and Xenarthra combine to form Exafroplacentalia or Notolegia.{{Cite journal | last1 = Wildman | first1 = Derek E.| last2 = Chen | first2 = Caoyi| last3 = Erez | first3 = Offer| last4 = Grossman | first4 = Lawrence I.| last5 = Goodman | first5 = Morris| last6 = Romero | first6 = Roberto| title = Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0511344103 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume = 103 | issue = 9 | pages = 3203–3208 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16492730| pmc = 1413940| bibcode = 2006PNAS..103.3203W| doi-access = free}}

Updated analysis of transposable element insertions around the time of divergence strongly supports the fourth hypothesis of a near-concomitant origin (trifurcation) of the three superorders of mammals: Afrotheria, Boreoeutheria, and Xenarthra.{{Cite journal | last1 = Nishihara | first1 = H. | last2 = Maruyama | first2 = S. | last3 = Okada | first3 = N. | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0809297106 | title = Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of mammals | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 106 | issue = 13 | pages = 5235–40 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19286970| pmc = 2655268| bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.5235N | doi-access = free }}{{Cite journal | last1 = Churakov | first1 = G.| last2 = Kriegs | first2 = J. O.| last3 = Baertsch | first3 = R.| last4 = Zemann | first4 = A.| last5 = Brosius | first5 = J. R.| last6 = Schmitz | first6 = J. R.| doi = 10.1101/gr.090647.108 | title = Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals | journal = Genome Research| volume = 19 | issue = 5 | pages = 868–875 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19261842| pmc = 2675975}}

{{clade

|label1=Placentalia

|1={{clade

|label1=Atlantogenata

|1={{clade

|1=Xenarthra

|2=Afrotheria

}}

|label2=Boreoeutheria

|2={{clade

|1=Laurasiatheria

|2=Euarchontoglires

}}

}}

}}

Below shows the phylogeny of the extant atlantogenate families.

{{clade|style=font-size:100%

|label1=Atlantogenata

|1={{Clade

|label1=Xenarthra

|1={{Clade

|label1=Cingulata

|1={{Clade

|1=Dasypodidae

|2=Chlamyphoridae

}}

|label2=Pilosa

|2={{Clade

|label1=Vermilingua

|1={{Clade

|1=Cyclopedidae

|2=Myrmecophagidae

}}

|label2=Folivora

|2={{Clade

|1=Bradypodidae

|2=Choloepodidae }} }} }}

|label2=Afrotheria

|2={{Clade

|label1=Paenungulata

|1={{Clade

|label1=Hyracoidea

|1=Procaviidae

|label2=Tethytheria

|2={{Clade

|label1=Sirenia

|1={{Clade

|1=Trichechidae

|2=Dugongidae

}}

|label2=Proboscidea

|2=Elephantidae

}} }}

|label2=Afroinsectiphilia

|2={{Clade

|label1=Tubulidentata

|1=Orycteropodidae

|label2=Afroinsectivora

|2={{Clade

|label1=Macroscelidea

|1=Macroscelididae

|label2=Afrosoricida

|2={{Clade

|1=Chrysochloridae

|label2=Tenrecomorpha

|2={{Clade

|1=Potamogalidae

|2=Tenrecidae

}}

}}

}} }}

}} }} }}