bank failure

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The following table lists significant acquisitions of failed banks, illustrating the scale and impact of major bank failures. It does not include partial purchases by governments to prevent bank or banking system failures, such as government intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis:

In the U.S., deposits in savings and checking accounts are backed by the FDIC. As of 1933, each account owner is insured up to $250,000 in the event of a bank failure.{{cite web |title=Deposit Insurance FAQs|url=https://www.fdic.gov/deposit/deposits/faq.html | publisher=Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation}} When a bank fails, in addition to insuring the deposits, the FDIC acts as the receiver of the failed bank, taking control of the bank's assets and deciding how to settle its debts. The number of bank failures has been tracked and published by the FDIC since 1934, and has decreased after a peak in 2010 due to the 2008 financial crisis.{{Cite web |title=FDIC {{!}} Failed Bank List |url=https://www.fdic.gov/resources/resolutions/bank-failures/failed-bank-list/ | publisher=Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation}}

Since the year 2000, over 500 banks have failed. The 2010s saw the most bank failures in recent memory, with 367 banks collapsing over that decade. However, while the 2010s saw the most banks fail, it wasn't the worst decade in terms of the value of the banks going under. The 2000s saw 192 banks go under with $533 billion in assets ($749 billion in 2023 dollars) compared to the $273 billion ($354 billion) lost in the 2010s.{{cite web |last=Laycock |first=Richard |date=May 11, 2023 |title=List of bank failures: 2000 to 2023 {{!}} Finder |url=https://www.finder.com/bank-failures |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=finder.com |language=en-US}}

No advance notice is given to the public when a bank fails. Under ideal circumstances, a bank failure can occur without customers losing access to their funds at any point. For example, in the 2008 failure of Washington Mutual the FDIC was able to broker a deal in which JP Morgan Chase bought the assets of Washington Mutual for $1.9 billion.{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/09/25/news/companies/JPM_WaMu/ | title=JPMorgan buys WaMu | first1=David | last1=Ellis | first2=Jeanne | last2=Sahadi | work=CNN | date=September 26, 2008}} Existing customers were immediately turned into JP Morgan Chase customers, without disruption in their ability to use their ATM cards or do banking at branches.{{cite web |url=https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/washington-mutual-acquired-jpmorgan-chase-5090 |title=OTS 08-046 – Washington Mutual Acquired by JPMorgan Chase | publisher=Office of Thrift Supervision | date=September 25, 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090115032649/http://www.ots.treas.gov/?p=PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=9c306c81-1e0b-8562-eb0c-fed5429a3a56| archive-date= January 15, 2009 | url-status=live}} Such policies are designed to discourage bank runs that might cause economic damage on a wider scale.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

{{further|List of largest U.S. bank failures}}

The failure of a bank is relevant not only to the country in which it is headquartered, but for all other nations with which it conducts business. This dynamic was highlighted during the 2008 financial crisis, when the failures of major bulge bracket investment banks affected local economies globally. This interconnectedness was manifested not on a high level, with respect to deals negotiated between major companies from different parts of the world, but also to the global nature of any one company's makeup. Outsourcing is a key example of this makeup; as major banks such as Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns failed, the employees from countries other than the United States suffered in turn. A 2015 analysis by the Bank of England found greater interconnectedness between banks has led to a greater transmission of stresses during a time of recession.{{Cite web |last1=Zijun |first1=Liu |last2=Quiet |first2=Stephanie |last3=Roth |first3=Benedict |date=2015 |title=Banking sector interconnectedness: what is it, how can we measure it and why does it matter?|url=https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/quarterly-bulletin/2015/banking-sector-interconnectedness-what-is-it-how-can-we-measure-it-and-why-does-it-matter.pdf |url-status=live |website=Bank of England|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005195017/https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/quarterly-bulletin/2015/banking-sector-interconnectedness-what-is-it-how-can-we-measure-it-and-why-does-it-matter.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-05 }}

{{Portal|Banks}}

• Bank run
• Causes of the Great Depression
• List of banks acquired or bankrupted in the United States during the 2008 financial crisis
• List of bank failures in the United States (2008–present)
• List of largest bank failures in the United States
• Too big to fail
• Volcker Rule
• Zombie bank

{{Reflist}}

• Calomiris, Charles W., and Joseph R. Mason. "Fundamentals, panics, and bank distress during the depression." American Economic Review (2003): 1615–1647. [http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/download/fedora_content/download/ac%3A136991/CONTENT/000282803322655473.pdf online]
• Carlson, Mark. "Causes of bank suspensions in the panic of 1893." Explorations in Economic History 42.1 (2005): 56–80. [https://www.federalreserve.gov/PubS/feds/2002/200211/ online]
• Wicker, Elmus. The banking panics of the Great Depression (2000). {{ISBN|978-0-521-66346-5}}.
• Wicker, Elmus. Banking panics of the gilded age (2006).
• Wicker, Elmus. "A Reconsideration of the Causes of the Banking Panic of 1930." Journal of Economic History 40.03 (1980): 571–583.

• [https://www.fdic.gov/resources/resolutions/bank-failures/failed-bank-list/ FDIC's list of failed banks since 2000]
• [https://www.thestreet.com/investing/new-interactive-bank-failure-map-10464237 TheStreet.com Interactive bank failure map (2009)]
• [https://thebossmonk.com/business/story-of-indian-banking-failure/ The Story of Indian Bank Failure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819145729/https://thebossmonk.com/business/story-of-indian-banking-failure/ |date=August 19, 2022 }}

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Category:Banking