basilar artery
{{Short description|Artery that supplies the brain with blood}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox artery
| Name = Basilar artery
| Latin = arteria basilaris
| Image = Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png
| Caption = The basilar artery lies at the front of the brainstem in the midline and is formed from the union of the two vertebral arteries.
| Image2 = Circle of Willis en.svg
| Caption2 = Diagram of the arterial circulation at the base of the brain (inferior view). The basilar artery terminates by splitting into the left and right posterior cerebral arteries.
| Width = 335px
| BranchFrom = Vertebral arteries
| BranchTo = Pontine arteries
anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA)
Paramedian arteries
superior cerebellar arteries
terminal posterior cerebral arteries
| Vein =
| Supplies = Pons, and superior and inferior aspects of the cerebellum
}}
The basilar artery (U.K.: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|z|.|ɪ|.|l|ə}};{{Cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/basilar|title=BASILAR | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary|website=dictionary.cambridge.org}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.wordreference.com/definition/basilar|title=basilar - WordReference.com Dictionary of English|website=www.wordreference.com}} U.S.: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|s|.|ə|.|l|ər}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/basilar|title=Definition of basilar | Dictionary.com|website=www.dictionary.com|access-date=14 April 2023}}) is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood.
The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are known as the vertebral basilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of the circle of Willis and joins with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the internal carotid arteries.{{Cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/basilar-artery?lang=gb|title=Basilar artery | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org|first=Jeremy|last=Jones|website=Radiopaedia|date=27 August 2008 }}{{cite book |last1=Purves |first1=Dale |title=Neuroscience |date=2012 |location=Sunderland, Mass. |isbn=9780878936953 |pages=737–738 |edition=5th}}{{cite book |last1=Carpenter |first1=Malcolm B. |title=Core text of neuroanatomy |date=1985 |publisher=Williams & Wilkins |location=Baltimore |isbn=0683014552 |pages=406–410 |edition=3rd}}
Structure
The diameter of the basilar artery range from 1.5 to 6.6 mm.{{cite journal |vauthors=Pico F, Labreuche J, Gourfinkel-An I, Amarenco P |date=September 2006 |title=Basilar artery diameter and 5-year mortality in patients with stroke |url= |journal=Stroke |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=2342–7 |doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000236058.57880.03 |pmid=16888278 |s2cid=5862145 |doi-access=}}
= Origin =
The basilar artery arises from the union of the two vertebral arteries at the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons between the abducens nerves (CN VI).{{cite book|last1=Byrne|first1=James|title=Tutorials in endovascular neurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology|url=https://archive.org/details/tutorialsendovas00byrn|url-access=limited|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/tutorialsendovas00byrn/page/n53 37]–38|chapter=Chapter 2. Cranial arterial anatomy|isbn=9783642191541}}
= Course =
It ascends along the basilar sulcus of the ventral pons. It divides at the junction of the midbrain and pons into the posterior cerebral arteries.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
= Branches =
Its branches from caudal to rostral include:{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
- anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- labyrinthine artery (<15% of people, usually branches from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery)
- pontine arteries
- superior cerebellar artery
Clinical relevance
A basilar artery stroke classically leads to locked-in syndrome.{{Cite journal |last1=Belash |first1=V. O. |last2=Mokhov |first2=D. E. |last3=Tregubova |first3=E. S. |date=2018 |title=[The use of the osteopathic correction for the combined treatment and rehabilitation of the patients presenting with the vertebral artery syndrome] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30499484/ |journal=Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii, I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury |volume=95 |issue=6 |pages=34–43 |doi=10.17116/kurort20189506134 |issn=0042-8787 |pmid=30499484}}{{Cite journal |last1=Efendić |first1=Alma |last2=Isaković |first2=Eldar |last3=Delić |first3=Jasmin |last4=Mehinović |first4=Anel |last5=Hrustić |first5=Asmir |date=August 2014 |title=Vascular geometry of vertebrobasilar tree with and without aneurysm |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25082236/ |journal=Medicinski Glasnik|volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=252–257 |issn=1840-2445 |pmid=25082236}}
Additional images
File:Gray513.png|The internal carotid and vertebral arteries (Right side view)
File:Circle of Willis 6.jpg|Basilar artery
File:Sobo 1909 3 548.png|The arteries of the base of the brain. Basilar artery labeled below center. The temporal pole of the cerebrum and the cerebellar hemisphere have been removed on the right side. Inferior aspect (viewed from below).
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Arteria basilaris}}
- [http://neuroangio.org/anatomy-and-variants/basilar-artery/ Basilar Artery at neuroangio.org]
- {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|28|09|02|04}} - "Cranial Fossae: Arteries, Inferior Surface of the Brain"
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20061215071918/http://www.neuropat.dote.hu/table/erell.htm Blood supply at neuropat.dote.hu]
- {{cite web|url=http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s13048.000-1.html|title=Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-1|work=Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator|publisher=Elsevier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101000000/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s13048.000-1.html|archive-date=2014-01-01|url-status=dead}}
- {{cite web|url=http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s13048.000-3.html|title=Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-3|work=Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator|publisher=Elsevier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101000000/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s13048.000-3.html|archive-date=2014-01-01|url-status=dead}}
{{Arteries of head and neck}}
{{Authority control}}