bismuth(III) nitrate
{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Dusičnan bismutitý.JPG
| ImageSize =
| ImageAlt =
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames = Bismuth trinitrate, Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| index_label = anhydrous
| index1_label = pentahydrate
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 10361-44-1
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1 = 10035-06-0
| PubChem = 107711
| PubChem1 = 160911
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 4R459R54N0
| UNII1_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII1 = FO2ICY167B
| EC_number = 600-076-0
| ChemSpiderID = 96880
| ChemSpiderID1 = 141368
| InChI=1S/Bi.3NO3/c;3*2-1(3)4/q+3;3*-1
| InChIKey = PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Bi+3] }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Bi(NO3)3·5H2O
| MolarMass = 485.07 g/mol (pentahydrate)
| Appearance = colorless, white
| Density = 2.90 g/cm3 (pentahydrate){{cite journal|last1=Lazarini|first1=F.|title=Redetermination of the structure of bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3.5H2O|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|date=15 August 1985|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1144–1145|doi=10.1107/S0108270185006916|bibcode=1985AcCrC..41.1144L }}
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = Decomposes to form bismuth oxynitrate{{cite book |author1=John Rumble |title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1138561632 |pages=4–41|edition=99th |language=English}}
| SolubleOther = Slightly soluble in acid
| MagSus = −91.0·10−6 cm3/mol }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS03}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|272|315|319|335|411}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|220|221|261|264|271|273|280|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|312|321|332+313|337+313|362|370+378|391|403+233|405|501}}
}}
}}
Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt composed of bismuth in its cationic +3 oxidation state and nitrate anions. The most common solid form is the pentahydrate.{{cite web |url= http://bismuth.atomistry.com/normal_bismuth_nitrate.html |title= Normal Bismuth Nitrate, Bi(NO3)3 }} It is used in the synthesis of other bismuth compounds.{{cite book |author=Mary Eagleson|title=Concise encyclopedia chemistry|year=1994|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00eagl|url-access=registration|publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=3-11-011451-8 }} It is available commercially. It is the only nitrate salt formed by a group 15 element, indicative of bismuth's metallic nature.{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd}}
Preparation and reactions
Bismuth nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth metal and concentrated nitric acid.{{cite book |last=Rich |first=Ronald |date=2007 |title=Inorganic Reactions in Water (e-book) |publisher= Springer |isbn=978-3-540-73962-3 }}
: Bi + 4HNO3 → Bi(NO3)3 + 2H2O + NO
It dissolves in nitric acid but is readily hydrolysed to form a range of oxynitrates when the pH increases above 0.{{cite journal|last1=Lazarini|first1=F.|title=Thermal dehydration of some basic bismuth nitrates|journal=Thermochimica Acta|volume=46|issue=1|year=1981|pages=53–55|issn=0040-6031|doi=10.1016/0040-6031(81)85076-9|bibcode=1981TcAc...46...53L }}
It is also soluble in acetone, acetic acid and glycerol but practically insoluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate.{{cite book |editor-last=Suzuki |editor-first= Hitomi|date=2001 |title=Organobismuth Chemistry |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=0-444-20528-4}}
Some uses in organic synthesis have been reported for example the nitration of aromatic compounds and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.
Bismuth nitrate forms insoluble complexes with pyrogallol and cupferron and these have been the basis of gravimetric methods of determining bismuth content.A.I. Vogel,(1951), Quantitative Inorganic analysis, (2d edition), Longmans Green and Co
On heating bismuth nitrate can decompose forming nitrogen dioxide, NO2.{{cite book |last1=Krabbe |first1=S.W. |last2=Mohan |first2=R.S. |editor-first=Thierry |editor-last=Ollevier |title=Topics in Current chemistry 311, Bismuth-Mediated Organic Reactions |publisher=Springer |year=2012 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Environmentally friendly organic synthesis using Bi(III) compounds |isbn=978-3-642-27239-4}}