black-and-red broadbill

The German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin described the species as Todus macrorhynchos in 1788,{{Cite book |last1=Linné |first1=Carl von |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285 |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. |last2=Gmelin |first2=Johann Friedrich |last3=Beer |first3=Georg Emanuel |date=1788 |publisher=Georg Emanuel Beer |volume=1 |location=Leipzig |pages=446 |language=la |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.545 |oclc=8208636 |access-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725140703/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10285 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |url-status=live |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library |doi-access=free}} based on a Bornean specimen that was originally described as a "great-billed tody" by the English naturalist John Latham in 1782.{{Cite book |last=Latham |first=John |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105229 |title=A General Synopsis of Birds |date=1782 |publisher=Printed for Benj. White |series=2 |volume=1 |location=London |pages=664–665 |language=en |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.49894 |oclc=3180970 |access-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713054338/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105229 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |url-status=live |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library |doi-access=free}} Later, in 1790, the species was named Todus nasutus by Latham, as he had not provided scientific names in his first description.{{Cite book|last=Calaby|first=J. H.|year=2006|title=Latham, John (1740–1837)|chapter=John Latham (1740–1837) |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/latham-john-2333/text3037|url-status=live|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104120917/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/latham-john-2333/text3037}} However, priority is afforded to Gmelin's name. The genus Cymbirhynchus was erected for this species in 1830 by Nicolas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield.{{Cite book |last1=Cottrell |first1=G. William |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50584 |title=Check-list of Birds of the World |last2=Greenway |first2=James C. |last3=Mayr |first3=Ernst |last4=Paynter |first4=Raymond A. |last5=Peters |first5=James Lee |last6=Traylor |first6=Melvin A. |last7=University |first7=Harvard |date=1951 |publisher=Harvard University Press |volume=7 |location=Cambridge |language=en |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.14581 |oclc=12228458 |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909033711/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50584 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |url-status=live |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library |doi-access=free}}

The generic name is from the Greek {{lang|grc|κυμβη}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|kumbē}}), which could mean either "small boat" or "an unknown bird", and {{lang|grc|ῥυγχος}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|rhunkhos}}), meaning bill. The specific name macrorhynchos comes from the Greek {{lang|grc|μακρορρυγχος}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|makrorrunkhos}}), meaning long-billed.{{Cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling |title=Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names |publisher=Christopher Helm |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4081-3326-2 |location=London |pages=138, 236}} "Black-and-red broadbill" is the official English common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union; other common names in English include black-red broadbill and black and white broadbill.{{Cite web |title=Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos (Black-and-red Broadbill) |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=2F81A394BE6ECFFD |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627064926/https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=2F81A394BE6ECFFD |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=Avibase}} The species is also known by the names {{lang|th|Nok Phaya Paak Kwaang thong daeng}} in Thai,{{Cite book |last=Wells |first=David R. |title=The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Vol. 2: Passerines |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=9781408133132 |location=London |pages=50–55}} {{lang|vi|Chim Mỏ rộng đỏ}} and {{lang|vi|Mỏ rộng đỏ}} in Vietnamese,{{Cite web |title=Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos (Black-and-red Broadbill) |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=2F81A394BE6ECFFD |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627064926/https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=2F81A394BE6ECFFD |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=Avibase}} {{lang|id|Sempur-hujan sungai}} in Indonesian, and {{lang|ms|Takau rakit}} and {{lang|ms|burong tĕrajan}} in Malay (with the latter name only being used in the state of Kelantan).{{Cite book |last=Wells |first=David R. |title=The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Vol. 2: Passerines |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=9781408133132 |location=London |pages=50–55}}{{cite journal |last1=Berwick |first1=E. J. H. |date=1953 |title=Some Kelantan bird names |journal=Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=140–144 |jstor=41502910}}

The black-and-red broadbill is the only species in the genus Cymbirhynchus, in the typical broadbill family Eurylaimidae, a family of ten tropical species native to Southeast Asia. Based on a 2017 study by the Brazilian researcher Alexandre Selvatti and colleagues, its closest relative is the silver-breasted broadbill. These two species are most closely related to the Eurylaimus broadbills, and all three genera form a sister clade to the genus Sarcophanops. This clade is sister to one formed by the long-tailed broadbill and dusky broadbill. Both of these clades are sister to the Grauer's broadbill. The following cladogram shows phylogenetic relationships among the Eurylaimidae, based on the above study:{{Efn|The study did not include the Visayan broadbill, which was formerly considered conspecific with the wattled broadbill. Additionally, it treated the grey-lored broadbill as being conspecific with the silver-breasted broadbill.{{Cite book|last1=Cottrell|first1=G. William|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480346#page/23/mode/1up|title=Check-list of birds of the world|last2=Greenway|first2=James C.|last3=Mayr|first3=Ernst|last4=Paynter|first4=Raymond A.|last5=Peters|first5=James Lee|last6=Traylor|first6=Melvin A.|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1951|volume=7|location=Cambridge|pages=9|language=en|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119043215/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480346#page/23/mode/1up|url-status=live}}|name=}}{{Cite journal |last1=Selvatti |first1=A. P. |last2=Galvão |first2=A. |last3=Pereira |first3=A. G. |last4=Pedreira Gonzaga |first4=L. |last5=Russo |first5=C. A. D. M. |date=2017 |title=An African origin of the Eurylaimides (Passeriformes) and the successful diversification of the ground-foraging pittas (Pittidae) |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=483–499 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msw250 |pmid=28069777 |doi-access=free}}

{{clade

|label1=Eurylaimidae

|1={{clade

|1=Grauer's broadbill (Pseudocalyptomena graueri)

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Long-tailed broadbill (Psarisomus dalhousiae)

|2=Dusky broadbill (Corydon sumatranus)

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Wattled broadbill (Sarcophanops steerii)

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Silver-breasted broadbill (Serilophus lunatus)

|2=Black-and-red broadbill (Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos)

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Banded broadbill (Eurylaimus javanicus)

|2=Black-and-yellow broadbill (Eurylaimus ochromalus)

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

There are four recognized subspecies.{{Cite web |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |title=NZ wrens, Sapayoa, broadbills, asities, pittas |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/nz_wrens/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419020152/https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/nz_wrens/ |archive-date=2024-04-19 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=IOC World Bird List}} The geographical limits of subspecies are not clearly defined, but the species displays clinal variation in appearance, as the size of birds increases and the white on the tail decreases from north to south through its range. Subspecies affinis is occasionally recognized as a separate species.{{Cite journal |last1=Kirwan |first1=Guy M. |last2=del Hoyo |first2=Josep |last3=Bruce |first3=Murray D. |last4=Collar |first4=Nigel |date=2021 |editor-last=Billerman |editor-first=Shawn M. |editor2-last=Keeney |editor2-first=Brooke K. |editor3-last=Rodewald |editor3-first=Paul G. |editor4-last=Schulenberg |editor4-first=Thomas S. |title=Black-and-red Broadbill (Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/barbro1/2.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |doi=10.2173/bow.barbro1.02 |s2cid=243292828 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2021-07-20}}

• C. m. macrorhynchos (J. F. Gmelin, 1788): The nominate, it is found on Borneo, Sumatra, and some offshore islands. Sumatran populations are sometimes separated as C. m. lemniscatus. Populations from south Sumatra are also occasionally treated as a distinct subspecies tenebrosus.
• C. m. affinis Blyth, 1846: Also known as the Irrawaddy broadbill, it is found in southern Myanmar. It is smaller than the nominate, with paler red underparts and rump, a small white flash on the wing, crimson spots on the wing, and broader white tips on the tail. It is occasionally treated as a distinct species on the basis of its smaller size and differences in plumage.
• C. m. malaccensis Salvadori, 1874: Found in the Malay peninsula. It was also formerly found in Singapore. It is slightly smaller than the nominate and has slightly paler red plumage.
• C. m. siamensis Meyer de Schauensee and Ripley, 1940: Found from southern Myanmar to northern peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand, also extending into Cambodia, southern Laos, and southern Vietnam. It is very similar in appearance to malaccensis, but is smaller and has shorter wings, along with a higher proportion of white-tipped tail feathers.

File:Black-and-red Broadbill - Kang Kra Chan - Thailand S4E5132 (14071725919).jpg, Thailand|left|alt=Image of black-and-red broadbill perching on a branch]]A large broadbill, the black-and-red broadbill has distinctive plumage and is unlikely to be mistaken for any other species within its range. The average adult is around {{Cvt|21–24|cm|in}} in length, with wing lengths of {{Cvt|9.7–10.8|cm|in}} and weighs {{Cvt|51–65|g|oz}}. Both sexes are similar in appearance, but the species shows slight sexual dimorphism, with the females being smaller in size. Adults have black heads and breastbands, greenish-black upperparts, with a maroon half-collar and bright maroon rumps and uppertail coverts (flight feathers on the tail and wing). The scapulars (feathers on the outside of the shoulder bone) have pure white edges, forming a white line on the closed wing. The bend of the wing has a narrow orange line. The tail is black, with variable amounts of white. The bill is dichromatic, with a bright turquoise-blue maxilla, and a yellow-orange mandible with a blue tip and edges. The irises are bright emerald green. The feet are bright blue, and sometimes tinged violet.{{Cite book |last=Wells |first=David R. |title=The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Vol. 2: Passerines |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4081-3313-2 |location=London |pages=50–55 |language=en |oclc=659739244}}

Immature birds are similar to adults, but have browner upperwings, and have white spots at the tips of the median coverts (second row of coverts on the wing), along with purple irises. Juveniles have much duller plumages, with sooty brown upper parts, maroon patches on the rump and uppertail coverts, brown underparts and wings, and white patches on the outer webs of the scapulars. They also have blackish to brownish-blue bills and bronze irises. Their feet are dull blue-grey.

The brilliant red plumage of the species is caused by the biological pigment 2,3-didehydro-papilioerythrinone, which is also present in birds with red plumage in the genera Sarcophanops and Eurylaimus.{{Cite journal |last1=Prum |first1=Richard O. |last2=LaFountain |first2=Amy M. |last3=Berg |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Tauber |first4=Michael J. |last5=Frank |first5=Harry A. |date=July 2014 |title=Mechanism of carotenoid coloration in the brightly colored plumages of broadbills (Eurylaimidae) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00360-014-0816-1 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B |language=en |volume=184 |issue=5 |pages=651–672 |doi=10.1007/s00360-014-0816-1 |issn=0174-1578 |pmid=24647990 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101104015/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00360-014-0816-1 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 September 2021 |s2cid=18907522}}

One of the most striking features of the black-and-red broadbill is its large, boat-like bill. It is thought that the wide bill and gape first evolved in the common ancestor of all broadbills, as an adaptation to an insectivorous diet.{{Cite journal|last=Prum|first=Richard|date=1 April 1993|title=Phylogeny, Biogeography, And Evolution of the Broadbills (Eurylaimidae) And Asities (Philepittidae) Based on Morphology|url=https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/110/2/304/5172956?login=true|journal=The Auk|volume=110|issue=2|pages=304–324|access-date=22 September 2021|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930190946/https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/110/2/304/5172956?login=true|url-status=live}} Its tongue is also large and fleshy to help manipulate objects inside its beak.{{Cite journal|last=Zubkova|first=E. N.|date=December 2019|title=Functional Morphology of the Hyoid Apparatus in Old World Suboscines (Eurylaimides): 2. Functional Analysis|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1062359019080193|journal=Biology Bulletin|language=en|volume=46|issue=8|pages=916–928|doi=10.1134/S1062359019080193|bibcode=2019BioBu..46..916Z |s2cid=211218046|issn=1062-3590|access-date=27 September 2021|archive-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101104016/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1062359019080193|url-status=live}}

The black-and-red broadbill is much less vocal than other species of typical broadbills, often remaining silent, and with quieter calls than most other broadbills. They also make ascending 'weeet' sounds, similar to those of the black-and-yellow broadbill, but shorter, slower, softer, and quieter. Its advertising call may be a rising cicada-like trill. The alarm call is a series of rapid 'pip' notes. A repeated soft 'wiark' has been reported as a contact call between a pair building a nest. Other calls include a monotonous and repetitive 'tyook', a hoarse 'ka-ka-kraar-kraar', a sharp 'peek-peek-peek', churring calls, melodious whistles, a hoarse twanging 'cow', and puma-like snarls. The most frequently heard call in Laos was a series of accelerating 'parnk' notes, similar to the noise made by the wingbeats of a wreathed hornbill.{{Cite journal|last1=Sheldon|first1=Frederick|last2=Moyle|first2=Robert|date=2001|title=Ornithology of Sabah: History, gazetteer, annotated checklist, and bibliography|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258498536|journal=Ornithological Monographs|volume=52|issue=52|pages=171–172|doi=10.2307/40166890|jstor=40166890|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101103939/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258498536_Ornithology_of_Sabah_History_Gazetteer_Annotated_Checklist_and_Bibliography|url-status=live}}

File:Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos (12738083904).jpg|alt=Three black-and-red broadbills roosting together on a branch]]

The black-and-red broadbill is found in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. In peninsular Thailand, it has vanished locally from some areas. It was also common in Singapore until the 1940s, after which it was not recorded until 2004, and then 2020.{{cite journal |last1=Muhammad Fadhli bin Ahmad |author2=Muhammad Ghufran bin Tahir |author3=Ramakrishnan s/o R Kolandavelu |author4=Mishak bin Shunari |author5=David Li |title=Second Singapore record of the black-and-red broadbill in the last 50 years |journal=Singapore Biodiversity Records |date=2020 |volume=2020 |pages=108–109 |url=https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2020/01/sbr2020_108-109.pdf |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817024718/https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2020/01/sbr2020_108-109.pdf |url-status=live }} It mainly inhabits riparian forest edges up to altitudes of {{Convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} throughout its range, although it can sometimes be found up to altitudes of {{Convert|900|m|ft|abbr=on}} m. In areas further downstream, it inhabits screw-palm swamps near the edges of mangroves. In areas affected by heavy land-conversion, it inhabits rubber plantations and coconut groves or orchards that have water channels. It has also been observed in peat swamp forest, but rarely enters closed-canopy forest. It can adapt quite well to disturbed habitat, surviving in secondary forest that has some tall trees remaining, as well as secondary vegetation with clumps of forest in pastureland. It also inhabits seriously degraded habitats along rivers.

The black-and-red broadbill is mainly found singly, in pairs, or in family parties. The species has been known to roost in small groups. There are occasional records of multiple adults vocalizing together, which are thought to be territorial encounters. The species has a generation length of three years.

File:Black-and-red Broadbill at Nest (14840031750).jpg, Borneo|alt=A black-and-red broadbill nest with a nesting broadbill inside]]

Throughout its range, nesting usually occurs in the driest months of the year: from January to August in Malaysia, from late February to June in Myanmar, in May and June in Thailand, December to August in Borneo, and March to June in Sumatra. Occupied nests have also been reported in June in Vietnam and in May in Laos, both near the end of the local dry seasons. Nests are conspicuous and usually overhang water, especially fast-moving water. They are mostly built over forest pools, rivers, and streams, and less commonly over coastal slacks, tidal mangroves, and man-made drainage ditches. Nests are occasionally built far from water, or over roads and paths. It is possible that this may be related to the feeding requirements of the species, as the necessary food to feed mates or young may only be available near water.{{Cite journal|last1=Blaber|first1=S.J.M.|last2=Milton|first2=D.A.|title=The distribution of nests of the Black-and-red Broadbill, Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchus, along a river in Sarawak|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c1a9e03f407b482a158da87/t/5c1fb3d540ec9abd16b8cec0/1545581525819/Blaber-Black-and-RedBroadbill.pdf|journal=Forktail|volume=10|pages=182–184|issn=0950-1746|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824092940/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c1a9e03f407b482a158da87/t/5c1fb3d540ec9abd16b8cec0/1545581525819/Blaber-Black-and-RedBroadbill.pdf|url-status=live}}

Nests are built by both sexes, usually taking around 11 days to build, but sometimes taking up to 49 days. In some cases, 1–2 assistants also help construct the nest. The nests are smaller than those of other broadbills, being {{Convert|25–46|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall (excluding the hanging tail), {{Convert|14.7–31.0|cm|in|abbr=on}} wide, and weighing {{Convert|59.7–181.9|g|oz|abbr=on}}. The entrance is {{Convert|3.8-6.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter, while the inner chamber is {{Convert|9.5–13.0|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall and {{Convert|6–9|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter. They are ragged, bag-shaped or pear-shaped structures, made out of tightly woven grasses, vines, sticks, bark, leaves, creepers, rootlets, vegetable fibers, pieces of moss, and fungal hyphae. The inside of the base is usually lined with soft material such as green leaves. The side entrance has a roof made of grass or fibers. Nests are usually fixed to thin, flexible, and spiked branches or shoots, from Senegalia pennata and Bambusa species.{{Cite journal|last=Zubkova|first=E. N.|date=2018-02-24|title=Nesting material and nest building technique in two species of broadbill (Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos and Corydon sumatranus, Passeriformes, Eurylaimidae) from Southern Vietnam|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1062359017070172|journal=Biology Bulletin|volume=44|issue=7|pages=769–786|doi=10.1134/S1062359017070172|s2cid=3477910|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101103936/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1062359017070172|url-status=live}}

File:Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos siamensis 186688827.jpg]]

The black-and-red broadbill lays eggs in clutches of 2–3 (occasionally with a fourth runt egg), with the eggs being {{Convert|25.0–29.3 × 18.2–20.7|mm|in|abbr=on}} in size. The eggs are whitish to pinkish in color and are present in three morphs, with most having dense reddish-brown splotches all over the surface, concentrated at the large end, while some have only sparse brick-red splotching. Some eggs have been reported with sparse black spots. Eggs are laid at intervals of 24 hours, and both sexes incubate the eggs. Incubation takes 21 days, after which altricial young hatch. The young are cared for by both parents for around 17 days. Threats to young include forest fires, predators, and human disturbance.{{Cite journal |last=Thong-aree |first=Siriporn |date=1998 |title=Breeding biology of black and red broadbill Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos |url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TH2001001562 |url-status=live |journal=Warasan Satpa Muang Thai |language=Thai |issn=0858-396X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922035148/https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TH2001001562 |archive-date=22 September 2021 |access-date=22 September 2021}}

Chiefly insectivorous, the black-and-red broadbill feeds on a variety of insects such as ants, beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, caterpillars, and hemipteran bugs. It also feeds on a variety of riverine creatures, such as mollusks, snails, crustaceans, and small fish. It has been documented to eat seeds and leaves, although these may also have been taken incidentally. Foraging is done by seizing prey from the ground and the water's edge. It has also been observed catching flying moths from above streams.

In Vietnam, a 2014 study of 157 black-and-red broadbills found that all the examined individuals were parasitized by the chewing louse Myrsidea claytoni. The number of parasites ranged from 5–80, with 27 on average. This was a case of host-switching, as all the other natural hosts of M. claytoni in Vietnam are bulbuls.{{Cite journal |last1=Sychra |first1=Oldrich |last2=Najer |first2=Tomas |last3=Kounek |first3=Filip |last4=Hung |first4=Nguyen Manh |last5=Tolstenkov |first5=Oleg O. |date=June 2014 |title=Myrsidea claytoni (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos (Passeriformes: Eurylaimidae): A Case of Natural Host Switching |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/13-385.1 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Parasitology |language=en |volume=100 |issue=3 |pages=280–283 |doi=10.1645/13-385.1 |issn=0022-3395 |pmid=24393023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101104026/https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-100/issue-3/13-385.1/Myrsidea-claytoni-Phthiraptera--Menoponidae-from-Cymbirhynchus-macrorhynchos-Passeriformes/10.1645/13-385.1.short |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=23 September 2021 |s2cid=11286068}} They have also been observed being parasitized by a species of louse in the genus Brueelia in Cat Tien.{{Cite journal|last1=Najer|first1=Tomas|last2=Sychra|first2=Oldrich|last3=Kounek|first3=Filip|last4=Papousek|first4=Ivo|last5=Hung|first5=Nguyen Manh|date=2014-01-24|title=Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from wild birds in southern Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species|url=http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3755.5.2|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3755|issue=5|pages=419–433|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3755.5.2|pmid=24869830|s2cid=2781681 |issn=1175-5334|access-date=27 September 2021|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623202208/https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3755.5.2|url-status=live|doi-access=free}} Its nests are parasitized by the oribatid mites Dimidiogalumna grandjeani and Yoshiobodes hexasetosus, and the prostigmatic mite Neocunaxoides tropicus in Vietnam.{{Cite journal |last1=Ermilov |first1=Sergey G. |last2=Anichkin |first2=Alexander E. |date=2014-03-24 |title=A new species of Dimidiogalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from Vietnam, including a key to all species of the genus |url=http://biotaxa.org/saa/article/view/saa.19.1.5 |url-status=live |journal=Systematic and Applied Acarology |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=67 |doi=10.11158/saa.19.1.5 |issn=1362-1971 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428101303/https://www.biotaxa.org/saa/article/view/saa.19.1.5 |archive-date=28 April 2020 |access-date=23 September 2021 |s2cid=86739775}}{{Cite journal |last1=Ermilov |first1=Sergey G. |last2=Shtanchaeva |first2=Umukusum Ya. |last3=Subías |first3=Luis S. |last4=Anichkin |first4=Alexander E. |date=2014-05-14 |title=A new subgenus and three new species of oribatid mites of the genus Yoshiobodes (Acari, Oribatida, Carabodidae) from Vietnam |url=http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3795.4.1 |url-status=live |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3795 |issue=4 |pages=401–420 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3795.4.1 |issn=1175-5334 |pmid=24870485 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222214438/https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3795.4.1 |archive-date=22 February 2020 |access-date=23 September 2021}}{{Cite journal |last1=Kalúz |first1=Stanislav |last2=Ermilov |first2=Sergey G. |date=December 2018 |title=A new species of the genus Neocunaxoides (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from Vietnam |url=http://link.springer.com/10.2478/s11756-018-0140-4 |journal=Biologia |language=en |volume=73 |issue=12 |pages=1223–1228 |doi=10.2478/s11756-018-0140-4 |bibcode=2018Biolg..73.1223K |issn=0006-3088 |s2cid=53078818}} In Thailand, the subspecies malaccensis and siamensis are parasitized by the chewing louse Guimaraesiella cyanophoba.{{Cite journal |last1=Gustafsson |first1=Daniel R. |last2=Malysheva |first2=Olga D. |last3=Tolstenkov |first3=Oleg O. |last4=Bush |first4=Sarah E. |date=2019-11-15 |title=Five New Species of Guimaraesiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) from Broadbills (Aves: Passeriformes: Calyptomenidae: Eurylaimidae) |url=https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-105/issue-6/19-88/Five-New-Species-of-Guimaraesiella-Phthiraptera--Ischnocera-from-Broadbills/10.1645/19-88.full |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Parasitology |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=846–857 |doi=10.1645/19-88 |issn=0022-3395 |pmid=31730418 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101104114/https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-105/issue-6/19-88/Five-New-Species-of-Guimaraesiella-Phthiraptera--Ischnocera-from-Broadbills/10.1645/19-88.short |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=23 September 2021 |hdl=1956/22697 |s2cid=208031813|hdl-access=free }} Potential predators of the black-and-red broadbill include raptors, civets, monkeys, snakes, and monitor lizards.

Although the black-and-red broadbill's population has not been determined and is thought to be decreasing, it is not considered to be threatened due to its large range and is consequently listed as least-concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. The Irrawaddy broadbill, considered a separate species by the IUCN, is also listed as being of least-concern despite a decreasing population.{{Cite iucn|year=2017|title=Cymbirhynchus affinis|author= BirdLife International|work= The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |volume=2017 |page=e.T103656924A112308599|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/103656924/112308599|language=en|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-1.rlts.t103656924A112308599.en}} The species occurs in many protected areas throughout its range, where its populations are relatively secure. However, it has experienced considerable declines in some parts of its range, such as Thailand, due to deforestation, although it is still locally common where suitable habitat exists. The broadbill is common in the lowlands on Borneo, but is rare at higher elevations and in forest. On Sumatra, it was previously reported as being the most prevalent broadbill, but is now very rare despite a large distribution. It is generally hard to find in Indochina, but is locally abundant in suitable habitat. It is also common where suitable habitat exists in Myanmar, although there is a lack of recent records corroborating this. Other threats to the species include trapping for the songbird trade and hunting.

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• {{Commons category-inline|Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos|Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos}}

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Category:Eurylaimidae

Category:Birds of Southeast Asia

Category:Birds described in 1788

Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin

Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot