boat-tailed grackle
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| image = Boat Tailed Grackle (Quiscalus major) Ocean City, New Jersey, USA.jpg
| image_caption = Male
| image2 = Boat Tailed Grackle Female JG.jpg
| image2_caption = Female
| genus = Quiscalus
| species = major
| authority = Vieillot, 1819
| range_map = Quiscalus major map.svg
| range_map_caption = Range of Q. major {{leftlegend|#447821|Year-round range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#D45500|Wintering range|outline=gray}}
}}
The boat-tailed grackle (Quiscalus major) is a passerine bird of the family Icteridae found as a permanent resident on the coasts of the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States.
Habitat
The boat-tailed grackle is found in coastal saltwater marshes and, in Florida, also on inland waters.{{Cite web |title=Boat-tailed Grackle Life History, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology |url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Boat-tailed_Grackle/lifehistory |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=www.allaboutbirds.org |language=en}} In salt marsh areas, least bitterns will often associate with and make mixed colonies with grackles.{{Cite journal |last1=Post |first1=William |last2=Seals |first2=Carol A. |date=1993 |title=Nesting Associations of Least Bitterns and Boat-Tailed Grackles |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1369395 |journal=The Condor |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=139–144|doi=10.2307/1369395 |jstor=1369395 }} Boat-tailed grackles have established significant populations in several United States Gulf Coast cities and towns, {{citation needed|date= July 2023}} where they can be found foraging in trash bins, dumpsters, and parking lots.
Breeding
The nest is a well-concealed cup in trees or shrubs near water; the average clutch size is just over three eggs.{{Cite journal |last=Tutor |first=Billy M. |date=1962 |title=Nesting Studies of the Boat-tailed Grackle |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4082451 |journal=The Auk |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=77–84|doi=10.2307/4082451 |jstor=4082451 |url-access=subscription }}
Description
The male boat-tailed grackle is {{convert|37|-|43|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|165|-|250|g|oz|abbr=on}}. Adult males have entirely iridescent black plumage, a long dark bill, a pale yellowish or brown iris, and a long keel-shaped tail. The adult female is much smaller at {{convert|26|-|33|cm|in|abbr=on|adj=on}} long and a weight of {{convert|90|-|115|g|oz|abbr=on}}. She is also distinguished by her shorter tail and tawny-brown coloration, which covers the body apart from the darker wings and tail. The wingspan in adult birds is {{convert|39|-|50|cm|in|abbr=on}}. In standard measurements, this species measures {{convert|13|-|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} along the wing bone, {{convert|11|-|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} in tail length, {{convert|2|-|4.2|cm|in|abbr=on}} along the culmen, and {{convert|3.6|-|5.8|cm|in|abbr=on}} along the tarsus. On average, the boat-tailed grackle weighs about 10% more than the closely related great-tailed grackle, although the male great-tailed grackle has an even longer tail.
Young males are black but lack the adult's iridescence. Immature females are duller versions of the adult female and have blotches or spots on the breast. The eye color of the boat-tailed grackle varies with range. Gulf Coast and inland birds have dark eyes, whereas Atlantic birds have pale eyes.
Taxonomy
The boat-tailed grackle was first described by French naturalist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1819. Its specific epithet major means "larger" in Latin. Despite its restricted range, there are four subspecies of the boat-tailed grackle, differing in size and iris color. The boat-tailed grackle was once considered the same species as the great-tailed grackle. The great-tailed species is generally quite similar of slightly smaller body size but has a longer tail and lacks this species' distinct domed head shape. The common grackle, with which the boat-tailed species often overlaps along the Atlantic coastline, is noticeably smaller and shorter-tailed, as well as lacking the domed head shape. {{citation needed|date= July 2023}}
Diet
Call
Its song is a harsh jeeb, and it has a variety of typically grackle-like chatters and squeaks.
Gallery
File:Boat-tailed Grackleon sanibel Island, Florida.jpg|Male vocalizing on Sanibel Island, Florida
File:Quiscalus major-male perching.jpg|Male at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland
File:Quiscalus major-female.jpg|Female at [https://www.outerbanks.com/rodanthe.html Rodanthe Public Beach], North Carolina
File:Boat-Tailed Grackle.jpg|Male at Deerfield Beach, Florida
File:GatheringOfGrackles.jpg|A gathering of Grackles at Winding Waters Nature Area, Florida
References
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Cite AllAboutBirds|Boat-tailed Grackle|accessdate=5 March 2013}}
{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/boat-tailed_grackle/lifehistory |title=Boat-tailed Grackle, Life History, All About Birds – Cornell Lab of Ornithology |publisher=Allaboutbirds.org |access-date=2013-03-05}}
}}
External links
{{Commons category|Quiscalus major}}
{{Wikispecies|Quiscalus major}}
- [https://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/index.php/download_file/view/1358/724/ Boat-tailed grackle at Florida Bird Sounds (Florida Museum of Natural History)]
- {{BirdLife|22724311|Quiscalus major}}
- {{Avibase|name=Quiscalus major}}
- {{InternetBirdCollection|boat-tailed-grackle-quiscalus-major|Boat-tailed grackle}}
- {{VIREO|Boat-tailed+grackle}}
- {{IUCN_Map|22724311/94859792|Quiscalus major}}
- {{Xeno-canto species|Quiscalus|major|Boat-tailed grackle}}
- {{inaturalist taxon|9601}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1589368}}
Category:Native birds of the Southeastern United States