brain atlas
{{Short description|Neuroanatomical map of the brain of a human or other animal}}
A brain atlas is composed of serial sections along different anatomical planes of the healthy or diseased developing or adult animal or human brain where each relevant brain structure is assigned a number of coordinates to define its outline or volume. Brain atlases are contiguous, comprehensive results of visual brain mapping and may include anatomical, genetic or functional features.{{Cite journal|last1=Beliveau|first1=Vincent|last2=Ganz|first2=Melanie|last3=Feng|first3=Ling|last4=Ozenne|first4=Brice|last5=Højgaard|first5=Liselotte|last6=Fisher|first6=Patrick M.|last7=Svarer|first7=Claus|last8=Greve|first8=Douglas N.|last9=Knudsen|first9=Gitte M.|date=2017-01-04|title=A High-Resolution In Vivo Atlas of the Human Brain's Serotonin System|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=37|issue=1|pages=120–128|doi=10.1523/jneurosci.2830-16.2016|pmid=28053035|pmc=5214625}} A functional brain atlas is made up of regions of interest, where these regions are typically defined as spatially contiguous and functionally coherent patches of gray matter.{{Cite journal|last1=Varoquaux|first1=Gaël|last2=Craddock|first2=R. Cameron|date=October 2013|title=Learning and comparing functional connectomes across subjects|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811913003340|journal=NeuroImage|language=en|volume=80|pages=405–415|doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.007|pmid=23583357|arxiv=1304.3880|s2cid=5956612}}
In most atlases, the three dimensions are: latero-lateral (x), dorso-ventral (y) and rostro-caudal (z). The possible sections are
Surface maps are sometimes used in addition to the 3D serial section maps{{cite web |url=http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/ToolsMethod.aspx |title=NeuroMaps Tools |publisher=Thehumanbrain.info |date= |accessdate=2023-03-11}}
Besides the human brain,{{cite web|url=http://www.thehumanbrain.info/ |title=The Human Brain · Atlas of the Human Brain · www.thehumanbrain.info · Homepage |publisher=Thehumanbrain.info |date= |accessdate=2016-01-30}} brain atlases exist for the brains of the mouse,{{cite web|url=http://mouse.brain-map.org/ |title=ISH Data :: Allen Brain Atlas: Mouse Brain |publisher=Mouse.brain-map.org |date= |accessdate=2016-01-30}} rhesus macaques,{{cite web|url=http://www.blueprintnhpatlas.org/ |title=Home :: NIH Blueprint Non-Human Primate (NHP) Atlas |publisher=Blueprintnhpatlas.org |date= |accessdate=2016-01-30}} Drosophila,{{cite web |url=http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980109184708/http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=1998-01-09 |title=Flybrain Front Page |publisher=Flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu |date=2000-07-26 |accessdate=2016-01-30 }} pig{{Cite journal|last1=Villadsen|first1=Jonas|last2=Hansen|first2=Hanne D.|last3=Jørgensen|first3=Louise M.|last4=Keller|first4=Sune H.|last5=Andersen|first5=Flemming L.|last6=Petersen|first6=Ida N.|last7=Knudsen|first7=Gitte M.|last8=Svarer|first8=Claus|title=Automatic delineation of brain regions on MRI and PET images from the pig|journal=Journal of Neuroscience Methods|volume=294|pages=51–58|doi=10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.11.008|pmid=29146191|year=2018|s2cid=38308791}} and others.
Notable examples include the Allen Brain Atlas, BrainMaps, BigBrain, [https://zenodo.org/record/7044932 Infant Brain Atlas],{{cite journal | vauthors = Ahmad S, Wu W, Wu Z, Thung KH, Liu S, Lin W, Li G, Wang L, Yap PT | title = Multifaceted atlases of the human brain in its infancy | journal = Nature Methods | volume = 20 | pages = 55–64 | date = 2023 | issue = 1 | pmid = 36585454 | s2cid = 247600108 | doi = 10.1038/s41592-022-01703-z | pmc = 9834057 }} and the work of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM).