mouse brain
{{short description|Body part used for neuroscience research}}
{{lead rewrite|date=April 2019}}
The mouse brain refers to the brain of Mus musculus. Various brain atlases exist.
For reasons of reproducibility, genetically characterized, stable strains like C57BL/6 were chosen to produce high-resolution images and databases.{{cite journal | last1=MacKenzie-Graham | first1=Allan | last2=Jones | first2=Eagle S. | last3=Shattuck | first3=David W. | last4=Dinov | first4=Ivo D. | last5=Bota | first5=Mihail | last6=Toga | first6=Arthur W. | title=The Informatics of a C57BL/6J Mouse Brain Atlas | journal=Neuroinformatics | publisher=Springer Nature | volume=1 | issue=4 | year=2003 | issn=1539-2791 | pmid=15043223|doi=10.1385/ni:1:4:397 | pages=397–410 | s2cid=81057 }} Well known online resources include:
- Allen Brain Atlas{{cite web | title=ISH Data :: Allen Brain Atlas: Mouse Brain | website=ISH Data | url=http://mouse.brain-map.org/ | ref={{sfnref | ISH Data}} | access-date=2019-02-07}}
- Mouse Brain Library{{cite web | title=Search the library | website=The Mouse Brain Library | date=2003-06-05 | url=http://www.mbl.org/ | ref={{sfnref | The Mouse Brain Library | 2003}} | access-date=2019-02-07}}
- [http://www.hms.harvard.edu/research/brain/atlas.html High resolution mouse brain atlas]
- BrainMaps
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20190621124504/http://brainmaps.org/ High-Resolution Brain Maps and Brain Atlases of Mus musculus]
Despite superficial differences, especially in size and weight, the mouse brain and its function can serve as a powerful animal model for study of human brain diseases or mental disorders (see e.g. Reeler, Chakragati mouse). This is because the genes responsible for building and operating both mouse and human brain are 90% identical.{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1580427,00.html|title = The Brain: What the Mouse Brain Tells Us|magazine = Time|date = 19 January 2007|last1 = Park|first1 = Alice}} Transgenic mouse lines also allow neuroscientists to specifically target the labeling of certain cell types to probe the neural basis of fundamental processes.{{Cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=J. W.|last2=Scangos|first2=G. A.|last3=Plotkin|first3=D. J.|last4=Barbosa|first4=J. A.|last5=Ruddle|first5=F. H.|date=1980-12-01|title=Genetic transformation of mouse embryos by microinjection of purified DNA|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=77|issue=12|pages=7380–7384|doi=10.1073/pnas.77.12.7380|issn=0027-8424|pmc=350507|pmid=6261253|bibcode=1980PNAS...77.7380G |doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal|last1=Haruyama|first1=Naoto|last2=Cho|first2=Andrew|last3=Kulkarni|first3=Ashok B.|date=2009|title=Overview: Engineering Transgenic Constructs and Mice|journal=Current Protocols in Cell Biology|language=en|volume=42|issue=1|pages=19.10.1–19.10.9|doi=10.1002/0471143030.cb1910s42|issn=1934-2616|pmc=2743315|pmid=19283728}}
Anatomy
The cerebral cortex of a mouse has around 8–14 million neurons while in those humans there are more than 10–15 billion.{{cite web | title=Brain size and intelligence- why a human is smarter than a mouse | website=DNALC Blogs « | date=2012-11-13 | url=http://blogs.dnalc.org/2012/11/13/brain-size-and-intelligence-why-a-human-is-smarter-than-a-mouse/ | ref={{sfnref | DNALC Blogs « | 2012}} | access-date=2019-02-07}}{{cite journal | last1=Herculano-Houzel | first1=Suzana | last2=Catania | first2=Kenneth | last3=Manger | first3=Paul R. | last4=Kaas | first4=Jon H. | title=Mammalian Brains Are Made of These: A Dataset of the Numbers and Densities of Neuronal and Nonneuronal Cells in the Brain of Glires, Primates, Scandentia, Eulipotyphlans, Afrotherians and Artiodactyls, and Their Relationship with Body Mass | journal=Brain, Behavior and Evolution | publisher=S. Karger AG | volume=86 | issue=3–4 | year=2015 | issn=0006-8977 | doi=10.1159/000437413 | pages=145–163 | pmid=26418466| doi-access=free }} The olfactory bulb volume takes about 2% of the mouse brain by volume in contrast to about 0.01% of the human brain.{{cite journal | last=McGann | first=John P. | title=Poor human olfaction is a 19th-century myth | journal=Science | publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | volume=356 | issue=6338 | date=2017-05-11 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.aam7263 | page=eaam7263 | pmc=5512720 | pmid=28495701 }}{{cite web | title=Brain Facts and Figures | website=faculty.washington.edu | url=https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html | ref={{sfnref | faculty.washington.edu}} | access-date=2019-02-07}}
File:201307 mouse brain1.png|Mouse brain, dorsal view
File:201308 mouse brain2.png|Mouse brain, lateral view
File:201311 mice brain slice.png|Mouse brain slices
File:Mouse cingulate cortex neurons.jpg|Mouse cingulate cortex neurons
File:M1 microcircuit model.jpg|A biophysically realistic model of the mouse primary motor cortex microcircuit representing a cylindrical volume of 300 μm diameter: 3D visualization, connectivity, dimensions, and neuronal densities, classes, and morphologies{{cite journal |last1=Dura-Bernal |first1=Salvador |last2=Neymotin |first2=Samuel A. |last3=Suter |first3=Benjamin A. |last4=Dacre |first4=Joshua |last5=Moreira |first5=Joao V.S. |last6=Urdapilleta |first6=Eugenio |last7=Schiemann |first7=Julia |last8=Duguid |first8=Ian |last9=Shepherd |first9=Gordon M.G. |last10=Lytton |first10=William W. |title=Multiscale model of primary motor cortex circuits predicts in vivo cell-type-specific, behavioral state-dependent dynamics |journal=Cell Reports |date=June 2023 |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=112574 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112574 |url=https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(23)00585-5 |access-date=21 June 2023}}