calung

{{Short description|Indonesian traditional musical instrument}}

{{Infobox instrument

| name = Calung

| image = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Xylofoon van bamboe met vijftien toetsen onderdeel van tjalung-ensemble TMnr 1029-11a.jpg

| image_size =

| alt =

| caption = A calung musical instrument from Indonesia.

| background = percussion

| names =

| classification = Idiophone

| hornbostel_sachs = 111.232

| hornbostel_sachs_desc = Sets of percussion tubes

| inventors = Baduy people

| developed = Java (in Banten by both Baduy and Bantenese, in West Java by Sundanese, in Banyumas by Banyumasan) and Bali (by Balinese)

| timbre =

| volume =

| attack =

| decay =

| range =

| pitch =

| related =

| musicians =

| builders =

| articles =

}}

{{Infobox intangible heritage

| ICH = Indonesian Angklung

| State Party = Indonesia

| ID = 00393

| Region = APA

| Year = 2010

| Session = 5th

| List = Representative

| Note = Traditional {{lang|su|Angklung}} (Pentatonic – Slendro Scale: {{lang|su|Angklung Kanekes, Angklung Dogdog Lojor, Angklung Gabrag, Angklung Badeng, Angklung Bungko, Angklung Badud, Angklung Buncis}}, and {{lang|su|angklung Calung}}) and Modern {{lang|su|Angklung}} (Diatonic/Chromatic - {{lang|su|Slendro, Pelog}}, and {{lang|su|Madenda}} Scale: {{lang|su|Angklung Padaeng}})

}}

The Calung ({{langx|su|{{Sund|ᮎᮜᮥᮀ}}}}) is a type of Indonesian bamboo xylophone originating from Baduy culture and commonly used in Baduy, Bantenese, Sundanese, Banyumasan, and Balinese performances.{{Cite web|title=Calung|url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000046041|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Grove Music Online|year=2001|language=en|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46041|isbn=978-1-56159-263-0}}{{Cite web|title=Calung|url=https://kbbi.web.id/calung-2|access-date=8 August 2021|work=Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)}} The calung (instrument) consists of multiple bamboo tubes which are struck at the base to produce a woody sound.

In the Balinese Gamelan gong kebyar, the metallophone jublag can also be known as Calung, it has a one-octave range, and is generally utilized to play mid-range melodies.

In Banyumas, southwestern Central Java in Indonesia, when Calung is referred to as an ensemble, it uses multiple bamboo instruments and is composed of singers and dancers.[http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/46041?] (2007). {{Cite Grove|title=Calung|year=2007|author=|author2=|access-date=9 Sep 2013|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46041}} The ensemble is characterized by a variety of traits that include: interlocking melodies and rhythm, abrupt changes in tempo, as well as syncopated rhythm and humorous vocals. Calung (the ensemble) is present at many celebratory gatherings, and its dancers are sometimes related to prostitution.{{cite book |last=Sutton |first= R. Anderson|title=Traditions of Gamelan Music in Java: Musical Pluralism and Regional Identity |year=1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}{{Dubious|date=September 2020}}{{page needed|date=September 2018}}

On November 18, 2010, UNESCO officially recognized the Indonesian {{Lang|su|angklung}} which includes a musical instrument of calung as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, and encouraged the Indonesian people and the Indonesian government to safeguard, transmit, promote performances and to encourage the craftsmanship of the {{Lang|su|angklung}}.{{cite web|title="Indonesian Angklung", Inscribed in 2010 (5.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/indonesian-angklung-00393|publisher= UNESCO |access-date=8 August 2021}} In 2011, calung traditions are recognized as National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.{{Cite web|title=Warisan Budaya Takbenda, Penetapan|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailCatat=1972a|access-date=8 August 2021|work=Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia}}