canton of Glarus

Image:Naefels Freulerpalast.jpg)]]

According to legend, the inhabitants of the Linth Valley were converted to Christianity in the 6th century by the Irish monk Saint Fridolin, the founder of Säckingen Abbey in what is now the German state of Baden-Württemberg. From the 9th century, the area around Glarus was owned by Säckingen Abbey, the town of Glarus being recorded as Clarona. The Alemanni began to settle in the valley in the early 8th century. The Alemannic German language took hold only gradually and was dominant by the 11th century. By 1288, the Habsburgs had claimed all the abbey's rights.

Glarus joined the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1352 as one of the foundational eight cantons (Acht Orte) of the period of 1353–1481. The first recorded Landsgemeinde of Glarus took place in 1387. Habsburg's attempts to reconquer the valley were repelled in the Battle of Näfels of 1388. A banner depicting Saint Fridolin was used to rally the people of Glarus at that battle, and from that time, Glarus has used the image of Saint Fridolin on its flags and in its coat of arms.

The County of Werdenberg was annexed to Glarus in 1517.

Between 1506 and 1516, the later reformer Huldrych Zwingli was a priest in Glarus, but Glarus remained Catholic, and by 1564, all of Zwingli's followers were eliminated. This, however, did not end the struggles between the Protestants and the Catholics in the area. To secure peace it was decided that each party should have its own assembly (Landsgemeinde) in 1623, and at a later stage in 1683, each side was granted the right to have its own tribunals.

Between 1798 and 1803, Glarus was part of the canton of Linth as established by Napoleon. In 1836 the constitution was adapted to unite the assemblies and establish a single Landsgemeinde.

In the early 1840s, after several years of failed crops and as food became scarce, much of the canton found itself deep in poverty. With more workers than available jobs, emigration to the United States of America was seen as a solution. The Glarus Emigration Society was established in 1844, which offered loans to help residents purchase land in the New World. Many of the resulting emigrants went to the state of Wisconsin, where they founded the town of New Glarus.J. Jacob Tschudy. "Additional Notes on New Glarus," Wisconsin Historical Collections, Vol. VIII (1879).

On May 6, 2007, Glarus became the first Swiss canton to lower the voting age to 16.[https://archive.today/20120721102424/http://swissinfo.org/eng/top_news/detail/Glarus_decides_to_grant_vote_from_16.html?siteSect=106&sid=7788979&cKey=1178539892000 SwissInfo], retrieved on May 7, 2007

{{Further|Glarus Alps|List of mountains of the canton of Glarus}}

File:Linthal.jpg and Glarus Alps]]

The canton of Glarus is dominated by the deep valley of the Linth River and the smaller Sernftal on the east. Most of the area is mountainous. The highest peak in the Glarus Alps is the Tödi at {{convert|3614|m|ft|sp=us}} Other mountains include the Hausstock ({{convert|3158|m|ft|sp=us}}) and the Glärnisch ({{convert|2910|m|ft|sp=us}}). The canton contains part of a thrust fault that was declared a geologic UNESCO World Heritage Site, under the name Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona, in 2008. Famous outcrops in the Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona include those at Lochsite near Glarus and in a mountain cliff called Tschingelhörner between Elm and Flims (in the same cliff is a natural hole called the Martinsloch). There is also a large lake called Walensee (Lake Walen) on the north. The total area of the canton of Glarus is {{convert|685|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}, of which about half is considered productive. Forestry is an important branch of industry in the canton.

Image:Landsgemeinde Glarus 2006.jpg of May 7, 2006.]]

File:Karte Gemeinden des Kantons Glarus 2007.png

File:Karte Gemeinden des Kantons Glarus 2011.png

The Landsgemeinde (cantonal assembly) of 2006 decided that the 25 municipalities of Glarus be consolidated to three, effective 1 January 2011.

• The new municipality of Glarus subsumed the former municipalities of Glarus, Ennenda, Netstal and Riedern.
• Glarus Nord subsumed Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Niederurnen, Oberurnen and Obstalden.
• Glarus Süd subsumed Betschwanden, Braunwald, Elm, Engi, Haslen (including Leuggelbach and Nidfurn), Linthal, Luchsingen (including Diesbach and Hätzingen), Matt, Mitlödi, Rüti, Schwanden, Schwändi and Sool.

The population of the canton (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-GL}}) is {{Swiss populations|CH-GL|CH-GL}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GL}} {{as of|2007}}, the population included 7,314 foreigners (or 19.13% of the total population).{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Kantonen | year = 2008 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html | format = Microsoft Excel | access-date = November 5, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081215033605/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html | archive-date = December 15, 2008 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}

The population ({{As of|2000|lc=on}}) is nearly evenly split between Protestants (44%) and Roman Catholics (37%).{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion | year = 2004 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | format = Interactive Map | access-date = 2009-01-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160924182116/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | archive-date = 2016-09-24 | url-status = dead }}

83.6% is German-speaking and 6.8% is Italian-speaking.

The historical population is given in the following table:

{| class="wikitable collapsible"

! colspan="5" | Historic Population Data{{Cite web|title=Glarus (Kanton)|url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/007374/2017-05-30/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz|language=de}}

|-

! Year

! Total Population

! Swiss

! Non-Swiss

!Population share
of total country

|-

! scope="row" | 1850

| rowspan="1" align="center" |30,213

| rowspan="1" align="center" |29 965

| rowspan="1" align="center" |248

| align="center" |1.3%

|-

!1880

| rowspan="1" align="center"|34,242

| rowspan="1" align="center" |33 175

| rowspan="1" align="center"|1 038

| align="center"align="center"|1.2%

|-

! scope="row" | 1900

| rowspan="1" align="center" |32,349

| rowspan="1" align="center" |30 801

| rowspan="1" align="center" |1 548

| align="center" |1.0%

|-

! scope="row" | 1950

| rowspan="1" align="center" |37,663

| rowspan="1" align="center" |34 726

| rowspan="1" align="center" |2 937

| align="center" |0.8%

|-

! scope="row" | 1970

| rowspan="1" align="center" |38,155

| rowspan="1" align="center" |31 321

| rowspan="1" align="center" |6 834

| align="center" |0.6%

|-

!2000

| align="center"|38,183

| align="center"|30 251

| rowspan="1" align="center" |7 932

| align="center"|0.5%

|-

! scope="row" | 2020

| align="center" | 40,851 || align="center" | || align="center" |

| align="center" |0.5%

|-

|}

Image:Glarus Kloentalersee.jpg is one of the canton's main export services.]]

The canton's geography helped establish slate works in the 17th century. The mountainous surroundings of Glarus also served as an advantage in industrialisation. Cotton spinning was important in the 18th century, complementing traditional woollen spinning. Industrialisation also brought cotton printing, hydroelectric plants, metal and machinery factories, and paper mills.

In 2014, about 5% of the workers in Glarus worked in the primary sector (the total for all of Switzerland is 3.3%). Of these 5%, in 2008, nearly three-quarters were involved in dairy farming and cattle breeding. In 2014 the secondary sector employed 8,322 or about 38.2% of the total, which is much higher than 21.8% for the entire country. Over one-quarter of those in the secondary sector worked in the construction industry. The tertiary sector employed 12,366, or about 56.8% of the total, almost 18% lower than 74.9% nationwide. Of those in the tertiary sector, 11.72% work in retail shops and 10.37% are in health care.{{cite web |url=https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Selection.aspx?px_language=de&px_db=px-x-0602010000_101&px_tableid=px-x-0602010000_101\px-x-0602010000_101.px&px_type=PX |title=Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Kanton, Wirtschaftsabteilung und Grössenklasse |year=2014 |work=Stat-Tab |publisher=Federal Statistical Office |language=de |access-date=18 April 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style ="text-align: center"

|-

! colspan="16"| Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971-2019{{cite report |title=Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |date=2015 |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/tabellen.assetdetail.331753.html |access-date=2016-08-05 }}{{cite web |url= https://www.wahlen.admin.ch/de/gl/ |title= Federal Election Year - Canton of Glarus |date= 2019 |website= wahlen.admin.ch |publisher= Swiss Federal Statistical Office |access-date= 14 November 2019}}

|-

! colspan="2" | Party !! class="unsortable" | Ideology !! 1971 !! 1975 !! 1979 !! 1983 !! 1987 !! 1991 !! 1995 !! 1999 !! 2003 !! 2007 !! 2011 !! 2015 !! 2019

|-

! FDP.The Liberals{{ref|a|a}}

| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}"| || Classical liberalism || 42.4 || * {{ref|b|b}} || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || *

|-

! SP/PS

| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || Democratic socialism || 57.2 || 64.7 || * || * || * || 53.7 || 83.9 || 85.7 || 67.1 || 55.5 || 24.6 || 45.0 ||28.2

|-

! SVP/UDC

| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Swiss People's Party}}"| || Swiss nationalism || * || * || 81.8 || 92.3 || 85.6 || 42.8 || * || * || * || 35.1 || * || * || *

|-

! BDP/PBD

| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || Fiscal conservatism || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 61.7 || 51.5 || 63.0

|-

! GPS/PES

| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}"| || Green politics || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 2.7

|-

! Other

| || || 0.4 || 35.3 || 18.2 || 7.7 || 14.4 || 3.5 || 16.1 || 14.3 || 32.9 || 9.4 || 13.7 || 3.5 || 6.0

|-

! Voter participation % || || || 61.7 || 33.4 || 35.4 || 26.3 || 22.7 || 41.8 || 24.5 || 28.2 || 25.3 || 32.6 || 34.2 || 41.5 || 39.9

|-

|}

: {{note|a|a}} FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009

: {{note|b|b}} "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.

• Landsgemeinde

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Commons}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20030928151014/http://www.gl.ch/ Official site] {{in lang|de}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20131115013236/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/gl/key.html Official statistics]
• {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Glarus (canton) | volume= 12 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= W. A. B. Coolidge| page = 78 |short= 1}}

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Category:Cantons of Switzerland

Category:14th-century establishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy

Category:1350s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire

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