château de Pierrefonds

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In the 12th century, a castle was built on this site. Two centuries later, in 1392, King Charles VI turned the County of Valois (of which Pierrefonds was part) into a duchy and gave it to his brother Louis I, Duke of Orléans. From 1393 to his death in 1407, the latter had the castle rebuilt by the court architect, Jean le Noir.

Image:Description du chateau de pierrefonds Figure 00.png

In March 1617, during the early troubled days of Louis XIII's reign, the castle, then the property of François Annibal d'Estrées (brother of the beauty Gabrielle d'Estrées), who joined the "parti des mécontents" (party of discontent) led by Henri II, Prince of Condé, was besieged and taken by troops sent by Cardinal Richelieu, the secretary of state for war. Its demolition was started, but not carried through to the end because of the enormity of the task. The exterior works were razed, the roofs destroyed and holes made in the towers and curtain walls.

The castle remained a ruin for more than two centuries. Napoleon I bought it in 1810 for less than 3,000 francs. During the 19th century, with the rediscovery of the architectural heritage of the Middle Ages, it became a "romantic ruin": in August 1832, Louis-Philippe gave a banquet there on the occasion of the marriage of his daughter Louise of Orléans to Léopold de Saxe-Cobourg Gotha, first king of the Belgians. Among other artists, Corot depicted the ruins in several works between 1834 and 1866. The Château de Pierrefonds has been classified as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1848.

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (later Napoleon III of France) visited the castle in 1850. As emperor, he asked Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in 1857 to undertake its restoration, which was continued by Maurice Ouadou and then Juste Lisch until 1885. {{cite journal |last=Vinegar |first=Aron |date=2023-10-14 |title=Chatography |journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians |language=en |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=362–385|doi=10.1525/jsah.2012.71.3.362 }} There was no question of a simple repair to the habitable parts (the keep and annexes): the "picturesque" ruins in front were to be kept for décor. In 1861, the project grew in scale: the sovereign wanted to create an imperial residence, so the castle was to be entirely rebuilt. The works, which would cost 5 million francs, of which 4 million were to come from the civil list, were stopped in 1885, six years after the death of Viollet-le-Duc. The departure of Napoléon III had halted the reconstruction and, through lack of money, the decoration of rooms was unfinished. Inside, Viollet-le-Duc produced more a work of invention than restoration (polychrome paintings). He imagined how the castle ought to have been, rather than basing his work on the strict history of the building. On the other hand, with the exterior he showed an excellent knowledge of the military architecture of the 14th century.

Château de Pierrefonds has been designated as a monument historique since 1862. It is now managed by the Centre des monuments nationaux.{{cite news|title=Centre des Monuments Nationaux - Château de Pierrefonds|url=http://www.oisetourisme.com/pcupic1600000067/centre-des-monuments-nationaux-chateau-de-pierrefonds/pierrefonds|accessdate=17 April 2017|publisher=Oise Tourisme|date=28 August 2002|language=fr}}

The castle has often been used as a location for filming including Les Visiteurs, Le Capitan, Highlander: The Series, The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc and the 1998 version of The Man in the Iron Mask. The castle was used as the setting for Camelot in the BBC series Merlin; a cut scene of this castle was used to portray Wiz Tech Academy in Disney's TV series, Wizards of Waverly Place. In 2017, the castle was used for filming during the Canal+ and Netflix series Versailles.{{cn|date=July 2018}}

{{Gallery

|File:Chateau de Pierrefonds, France - April 2012.jpg|General view of the entrance

|File:Description du chateau de pierrefonds Figure 01.png|Plan of the present castle

|File:Description du chateau de pierrefonds Figure 03.png|Northeast tower restored

|File:Chateau de Pierrefonds.jpg|View in 2008

|File:Chateaudepierrefonds04.jpg|Entrance to the principal residential block

|File:Pierrefonds1.jpg|Entrance side view

|File:1895 Dictionary - Castle.png|From an 1895 dictionary

|File:Picardie Pierrefonds1 tango7174.jpg|Stone scale model

|File:Picardie Pierrefonds4 tango7174.jpg|Donjon drain-pipe

}}

• List of castles in France
• Domaine du Bois d'Aucourt d'Adolphe Clément-Bayard à Pierrefonds, a former hunting lodge of Louis XIV.

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{{wikisourcelang|fr|Description du château de Pierrefonds|Description of Château de Pierrefonds by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc}}

{{Commons category|Château de Pierrefonds|The Château de Pierrefonds}}

• [http://www.chateau-pierrefonds.fr/en/ Château de Pierrefonds], Centre des monuments nationaux
• {{Base Mérimée|PA00114803|Château}}
• [http://sekulada.com/zamek-pierrefonds/ Photos of Pierrefonds castle] {{in lang|pl}}
• [https://www.topworldimages.com/Chateau_de_Pierrefonds.htm#images-2 19th century painting of the castle by Gilbert Munger]

{{Coord|49|20|49|N|2|58|49|E|region:FR-A_type:landmark|display=title}}

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Category:1400s establishments in France

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Category:15th-century fortifications

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