cladonia

{{Short description|Genus of lichenised fungi in the family Cladoniaceae}}

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{{Automatic taxobox

| image = CladoniaSpec01.jpg

| image_caption = Cladonia portentosa

| taxon = Cladonia

| authority = P.Browne (1756)

| type_species = Cladonia subulata

| type_species_authority = (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg. (1780)

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See List of Cladonia species

| synonyms_ref =

| synonyms = *Verrucaster {{small|Tobler (1912)}}

}}

Cladonia is a genus of moss-like lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. They are the primary food source for reindeer/caribou. Cladonia species are of economic importance to reindeer-herders, such as the Sami in Scandinavia or the Nenets in Russia. Antibiotic compounds are extracted from some species to create antibiotic cream. The light green species Cladonia stellaris is used in flower decorations.

Although the phylogeny of the genus Cladonia is still under investigation, two main morphological groups are commonly differentiated by taxonomists: the Cladonia morpho-type and the Cladina morpho-type. The Cladonia morpho-type has many more species, and is generally described as a group of squamulose (grow from squamules), cup-bearing lichens. The Cladina morpho-types are often referred to as forage lichens, mat-forming lichens, or reindeer lichens (due to their importance as caribou winter forage).

Cladonia perforata ("perforate cladonia") is one of two{{clarify|one of two...Cladonia? Lichens? Species?|date=June 2025}} on the U.S. Endangered Species List, and it should never be collected. It exists only in a few small populations in Florida.

Several Cladonia species grow on sand dunes. The presence, and luxuriant carpet-like growth, of Cladonia species is one of the defining characters of grey dune, a priority habitat for conservation under the E.U. Habitats Directive.

Cladonia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Chionodes continuella.

Selected species

{{Main|List of Cladonia species}}

Selected species of Cladonia include:Walewski. Joe (2007). Lichens of the North Woods. Duluth, MN: Kollath+Stensaas Publ.

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Gallery

Cladonia_apodocarpa_(EU).jpg|Cladonia apodocarpa

Cladonia_caespiticia_(EU).jpg|Cladonia caespiticia

Cladonia_coniocraea_(EU).jpg|Cladonia coniocraea – common powderhorn

Cladonia convoluta 090308.jpg|Cladonia convoluta

Cladonia cristatella EPA.jpg|Cladonia cristatella – British soldiers

Cladonia_macilenta_9497.JPG|Cladonia macilenta var. bacillaris – lipstick cladonia

Cladonia macrophyllodes 109105.jpg|Cladonia macrophyllodes – large-leaved cladonia

Cladonia_grayi_complex_(EU).jpg|Cladonia grayi complex

Cladonia_parasitica_(EU).jpg|Cladonia parasitica

Cladonia_peziziformis_(ECU).jpg|Cladonia peziziformis

Cladonia_pleurota_(EU).jpg|Cladonia pleurota – red-fruited pixie cup

Cladonia_subcariosa_(EU).jpg|Cladonia subcariosa

Cladonia_subtenuis_(EU).jpg|Cladonia subtenuis

References

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{{cite journal |last1=Diederich |first1=Paul |last2=Schultz |first2=Matthias |title=The identity of Verrucaster lichenicola Tobler |journal=Herzogia |volume=34 |issue=1 |year=2021 |doi=10.13158/heia.34.1.2021.203 |pages=203–207|bibcode=2021Herz...34..203D |s2cid=235676296 }}

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Anderson, R. (2009). Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J.R. Laundon (Lecanorales: Cladoniaceae) re-discovered in Co. Down. Ir. Nat. J. 30: 146.

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Category:Lecanorales genera

Category:Lichen genera

Category:Taxa described in 1756

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