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claytonia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image=Claytonia_virginica_2_Radnor_Lake.jpg

|image_caption=Claytonia virginica

|taxon=Claytonia

|authority=L.

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Claytonia (spring beauty) is a genus of flowering plants native to Asia, North America, and Central America. The vitamin-rich leaves can be eaten raw or cooked, and the tubers can be prepared like potatoes.

Description

The plants are somewhat fleshy and only a few centimeters in height. The flower heads are about {{Convert|2.5|cm|abbr=in|frac=2}} in diameter.{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/277203364 |title=The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |others=United States Department of the Army |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-60239-692-0 |location=New York |pages=62 |language=en-US |oclc=277203364}}

{{gallery|mode=packed

|Claytonia megarhiza 5933.JPG|Claytonia megarhiza

|Claytonia virginica UMFS 1.jpg|Flowers of Claytonia virginica

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Taxonomy

The genus was formerly included in the purslane family (Portulacaceae), but with the adoption of the APG IV system, in 2009 it was moved to the family Montiaceae. A number of the species were formerly treated in the related genus Montia. A comprehensive scientific study of Claytonia was published in 2006.Miller, J. M. and K. L. Chambers. 2006. Systematics of Claytonia (Portulacaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 78: 1-234. {{ISBN|0-912861-78-9}}

=Species=

{{As of|January 2019}}, Kew's Plants of the World Online lists 33 accepted species:

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=Etymology=

The genus is named after John Clayton, who collected specimens of various plants in North America and distributed them to botanists in Europe.Information page [https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/collections/botany-collections/historical-botanical-collections/john-clayton-herbarium.html John Clayton herbarium] at Natural History Museum, London UK. It reports that the genus name Claytonia was originated by Johan Frederik Gronovius (died 1762) in recognition that Gronovius had received the relevant specimens from John Clayton (died 1773).

Distribution and habitat

The genus is primarily native to the mountain chains of Asia and North America. In the Old World, it is distributed northwest to Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and eastern Russia. It is found in most of the northern United States, with some species located in Guatemala.

Claytonia perfoliata, the species for which the term miner's lettuce was coined, is distributed throughout the Mountain West of North America in moist soils and prefers areas that have been recently disturbed.

Uses

The leaves of the spring beauty are rich in vitamins and can be eaten raw or cooked. The roots are in the form of tubers which can be cooked and eaten like potatoes.{{Cite book|last=Angier|first=Bradford|url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetoedib00angi/page/212/mode/2up|title=Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants|publisher=Stackpole Books|year=1974|isbn=0-8117-0616-8|location=Harrisburg, PA|pages=212|oclc=799792|author-link=Bradford Angier}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=107275 Flora North America]

{{cite web |title=Claytonia L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30437753-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |accessdate=11 January 2019}}

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External links

  • [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/specieslist.cgi?where-genus=Claytonia CalFlora Database: Claytonia]
  • [http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects/plants/spr_beauty.htm Illinois Wildflowers. Flower-Visiting Insects of Spring Beauty]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q164192}}

Category:Caryophyllales genera

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus