coreopsis

These plants range from {{convert|46|–|120|cm|0|abbr=off}} in height. The flowers are usually yellow with a toothed tip, but can also be yellow-and-red bicolor or pink.{{Cite web|url=http://mtcubacenter.org/trials/coreopsis/|title=Coreopsis For the Mid-Atlantic Region Research Report|date=December 2015|access-date=27 January 2017}} They have showy flower heads with involucral bracts in two distinct series of eight each, the outer being commonly connate at the base. The flat fruits are small and dry and look like insects.

There are nearly 40 species of Coreopsis, all of which are native to North, Central, and South America. The name Coreopsis is derived from the Ancient Greek words {{lang|grc|κόρις}} ({{Translation|grc|koris}}), meaning "bedbug", and {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{Translation|grc|opsis}}), meaning "view", referring to the shape of the achene.{{cite journal |title=ITS sequences and phylogenetic relationships in Bidens and Coreopsis (Asteraceae) |first=Seung-Chul |last=Kim |author2=Daniel J. Crawford |author3=Mesfin Tadesse |author4=Mary Berbee |author5=Fred R. Ganders |author6=Mona Pirseyedi |author7=Elizabeth J. Esselman |date=July–September 1999 |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=480–493 |doi=10.2307/2419701|jstor=2419701 }}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esMPU5DHEGgC |first=Umberto |last=Quattrocchi |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C |year=2000 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-2675-2 |page=615}}

39 species are currently accepted by Plants of the World Online.

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• Coreopsis aristulata {{small|LeBlond, Sorrie & Weakley}}
• Coreopsis auriculata {{small|L.}}
• Coreopsis bakeri {{small|E.E.Schill.}}
• Coreopsis basalis {{small|(A.Dietr.) S.F.Blake}}
• Coreopsis bolanosana {{small|Panero & Villaseñor}}
• Coreopsis breviligulata {{small|Sagást. & Sánchez Vega}}
• Coreopsis buchii {{small|(Urb.) S.F.Blake}}
• Coreopsis canescentifolia {{small|Sagást.}}
• Coreopsis falcata {{small|F.E.Boynton}}
• Coreopsis floridana {{small|E.B.Sm.}}
• Coreopsis gladiata {{small|Walter}}
• Coreopsis glaucodes {{small|S.F.Blake & Sherff}}
• Coreopsis grandiflora {{small|Hogg ex Sweet}}
• Coreopsis imbricata {{small|Sherff}}
• Coreopsis integra {{small|S.F.Blake}}
• Coreopsis integrifolia {{small|Poir.}}
• Coreopsis intermedia {{small|Sherff}}
• Coreopsis killipii {{small|Sherff}}
• Coreopsis lanceolata {{small|L.}}
• Coreopsis leavenworthii {{small|Torr. & A.Gray}}
• Coreopsis linifolia {{small|Nutt.}}
• Coreopsis longula {{small|S.F.Blake}}
• Coreopsis maysillesii {{small|Sherff}}
• Coreopsis mollicula {{small|Sagást. & Sánchez Vega}}
• Coreopsis multifida {{small|DC.}}
• Coreopsis nudata {{small|Nutt.}}
• Coreopsis nuecensis {{small|A.Heller}}
• Coreopsis nuecensoides {{small|E.B.Sm.}}
• Coreopsis paludosa {{small|M.E.Jones}}
• Coreopsis palustris {{small|Sorrie}}
• Coreopsis peruviana {{small|Sagást.}}
• Coreopsis piurana {{small|Sherff}}
• Coreopsis poloe {{small|Sagást. & Zapata}}
• Coreopsis pubescens {{small|Elliott}}
• Coreopsis rosea {{small|Nutt.}}
• Coreopsis spectabilis {{small|A.Gray}}
• Coreopsis teotepecensis {{small|Paray}}
• Coreopsis tinctoria {{small|Nutt.}}
• Coreopsis wrightii {{small|(A.Gray) H.M.Parker ex E.B.Sm.}}

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• Bidens alba (L.) DC. (as C. alba L.)
• Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britton (as C. aristosa Michx.)
• Bidens aurea (Aiton) Sherff (as C. aurea Aiton)
• Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff (as C. mitis Michx.)
• Bidens trichosperma (Michx.) Britton (as C. trichosperma Michx.)
• Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. (as C. formosa Bonato)
• Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) Pers. (as C. parviflora Jacq.)
• Electranthera cuneifolia {{small|(Greenm.) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski}} (as C. cuneifolia {{small|Greenm.}})
• Electranthera mutica {{small|(DC.) Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski}} (as C. mutica {{small|DC.}})
• Epilepis rudis {{small|Benth.}} (as C. rudis (Benth.) Hemsl.)
• Iostephane heterophylla (Cav.) Hemsl. (as C. heterophylla Cav.)
• Leptosyne bigelovii {{small|(A.Gray) A.Gray}} (as C. bigelovii {{small|(A.Gray) Voss}})
• Leptosyne californica {{small|Nutt.}} (as C. californica {{small|(Nutt.) H.Sharsm.}})
• Leptosyne calliopsidea {{small|(DC.) A.Gray}} (as C. calliopsidea {{small|(DC.) A.Gray}})
• Leptosyne douglasii {{small|DC.}} (as C. douglasii {{small|(DC.) H.M.Hall}})
• Leptosyne gigantea {{small|Kellogg}} (as C. gigantea {{small|(Kellogg) H.M.Hall}})
• Leptosyne hamiltonii {{small|Elmer}} (as C. hamiltonii {{small|(Elmer) H.Sharsm.}})
• Leptosyne maritima {{small|(Nutt.) A.Gray}} (as C. maritima {{small|(Nutt.) Hook.f.}})
• Leptosyne stillmanii {{small|A.Gray}} (as C. stillmanii {{small|(A.Gray) S.F.Blake}})
• Simsia amplexicaulis (Cav.) Pers. (as C. amplexicaulis Cav.)
• Simsia foetida (Cav.) S.F.Blake (as C. foetida Cav.)
• Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) A.Gray (as C. filifolia Hook.)
• Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney (as C. alternifolia L.){{cite web |title=Species Records of Coreopsis |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?14101 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120132848/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?14101 |archive-date=January 20, 2009 |access-date=February 9, 2011 |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture}}
• Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walter (as C. alata Cav. Pursh)

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Coreopsis is a variable genus closely related to Bidens. In fact, neither Coreopsis nor Bidens, as defined in the 20th century, is strictly monophyletic. Coreopsis is best described as paraphyletic. Previously (1936), Coreopsis was classified into 11 sections and 114 species, but the African species were subsequently reclassified as Bidens, leaving the North and South American species, some 75–80 in all, under Coreopsis. 45 species are in the 11 North American sections, and the remaining 35 are in the South American section Pseudoagarista. The North American species fall into two broad groups, with 5 sections and 12 species in Mexico and North America and the remaining 5 sections and 26 species in Eastern North America.

One group which does seem to be monophyletic consists of temperate species from North America, including five sections of Coreopsis, Bidens coronata and Bidens tripartita, and the genus Thelesperma (five species).{{Cite journal | doi = 10.3732/ajb.92.2.330 | title = Phylogeny of Eastern North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae-Coreopsideae): insights from nuclear and plastid sequences, and comments on character evolution | year = 2005 | author = Crawford, D. J. | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 92 | pages = 330–6 | last2 = Mort | first2 = M. E. | issue = 2 | pmid = 21652409 | doi-access = free }}

Plants of the World Online accepts the genera Anacis {{small|Schrank}},{{cite web |title=Anacis Schrank |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:7604-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=15 March 2025}} Electranthera {{small|Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski}},{{cite web |title=Electranthera Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60472675-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=13 March 2025}} Epilepis {{small|Benth.}},{{cite web |title=Epilepis Benth. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:8803-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=13 March 2025}} Leptosyne {{small|DC.}},{{cite web |title=Leptosyne DC. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30060022-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=13 March 2025}} and Silphidium {{small|(Torr. & A.Gray) Mesfin & D.J.Crawford}},{{cite web |title=Silphidium (Torr. & A.Gray) Mesfin & D.J.Crawford |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77333296-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=15 March 2025}} which other authorities, including the Global Compositae Database, treat as synonyms of Coreopsis. Plants of the World Online treats Selleophytum as a synonym of Coreopsis.{{cite web |title=Selleophytum Urb. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297352-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=13 March 2025}}

File:Coreopsis lanceolata - flower view 02.jpg]]

File:Coreopsis lanceolata - flower view 01.jpg

One classification (GRIN) of the genus consists of eleven sections,{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?14101 |title=Genus: Coreopsis L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=January 6, 2011 |access-date=February 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629212557/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?14101 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=dead }} shown by cladistic relationships with number of species in parentheses.

:Coreopsis sect. Pseudoagarista (35)

• Coreopsis cyclocarpa S.F.Blake

• Coreopsis bicolor
• Coreopsis leavenworthii Torr. & A.Gray – Leavenworth's tickseed
• Coreopsis paludosa M.E.Jones
• Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. – plains coreopsis

• Coreopsis auriculata L. – lobed tickseed
• Coreopsis bakeri E.E.Schill.
• Coreopsis basalis (A.Dietr.) S.F.Blake – goldenmane tickseed
• Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet – large-flowered tickseed
• Coreopsis intermedia Sherff – goldenwave tickseed
• Coreopsis lanceolata L. – lance coreopsis, lance-leaf tickseed
• Coreopsis nuecensis A.Heller – crown tickseed
• Coreopsis nuecensoides E.B.Sm. – Rio Grande tickseed
• Coreopsis pubescens Elliott – star tickseed
• Coreopsis wrightii (A.Gray) H.M.Parker – rock tickseed

• Coreopsis cuneifolia Greenm.
• Coreopsis mexicana
• Coreopsis mutica DC.

• Coreopsis floridana E.B.Sm. – Florida tickseed
• Coreopsis gladiata Walter – coastalplain tickseed
• Coreopsis integrifolia Poir. – fringeleaf tickseed
• Coreopsis linifolia Nutt. – Texas tickseed
• Coreopsis nudata Nutt. – Georgia tickseed
• Coreopsis palustris Sorrie – swamp tickseed
• Coreopsis rosea Nutt. – pink tickseed

• Coreopsis delphiniifolia Lam. – larkspurleaf tickseed
• Coreopsis major Walter – greater tickseed
• Coreopsis palmata Nutt. – stiff tickseed
• Coreopsis pulchra F.E.Boynton – woodland tickseed
• Coreopsis tripteris L. – tall tickseed
• Coreopsis verticillata L. – whorled tickseed

• Coreopsis douglasii (DC.) H.M.Hall – Douglas's tickseed
• Coreopsis californica (Nutt.) H.Sharsm. – California tickseed
• Coreopsis stillmanii (A.Gray) S.F.Blake – Stillman's tickseed

South America, 35 species

• Coreopsis mcvaughii D.J.Crawford
• Coreopsis petrophila A.Gray
• Coreopsis petrophiloides B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
• Coreopsis spectabilis A.Gray{{Cite web |title=Coreopsis spectabilis |publisher=International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/198203-1 |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=www.ipni.org}}

• Coreopsis bigelovii (A.Gray) Voss – Bigelow's tickseed
• Coreopsis calliopsidea (DC.) A.Gray – leafstem tickseed
• Coreopsis hamiltonii (Elmer) H. Sharsm. – Mount Hamilton tickseed

• Coreopsis latifolia Michx. – broadleaf tickseed

• Coreopsis gigantea (Kellogg) H.M.Hall – giant coreopsis
• Coreopsis maritima (Nutt.) Hook.f. – sea dahlia

North American Coreopsis can be found in two habitats in the wild, growing along roadsides and open fields throughout the Eastern United States and Canada. In this environment the plant will self-sow.

Coreopsis species are a source of nectar and pollen for insects. The species is known to provide food to caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species, including Coleophora acamtopappi.

Coreopsis can grow in a garden as a border plant, or in a container, preferring well-drained soil. Deadheading the flowers ensures it does not become weedy. Using the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) hardiness zones will identify what soil and climate is preferred for different cultivars or species.{{Cite web|url=https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=COREO2|title=tickseed|website=USDA plants website|publisher=USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team|access-date=27 January 2017}} Notable species found in cultivation are C. grandiflora and C. verticillata, as well as their various cultivars.File:coreopsis in Kansas.jpg

The sunny, summer-blooming, daisy-like flowers are popularly planted in gardens to attract butterflies. Both annual and perennial types are grown in the home garden (USDA hardiness zone 7a/6b). In the Mid-Atlantic region, insects such as bees, hover flies, and wasps are often observed visiting the flowers.

All Coreopsis species were designated the state wildflower of the U.S. state of Florida in 1991.{{cite web |last=Main |first=Martin B. |author2=Ginger M. Allen |title=Florida State Symbols |url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw209 |access-date=February 9, 2011 |work=Electronic Data Information Source |publisher=University of Florida IFAS Extension}} In the language of flowers, Coreopsis means to be always cheerful, while Coreopsis arkansa in particular stands for love at first sight.{{Cite web |title=Language of Flowers - Flower Meanings, Flower Sentiments |url=http://www.languageofflowers.com/flowermeaning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124141728/http://languageofflowers.com/flowermeaning.htm |archive-date=2016-11-24 |access-date=2016-11-26 |website=www.languageofflowers.com}}

{{Reflist|3}}

• [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=108000 Flora of North America: Coreopsis]
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Category:Asteraceae genera

Category:Flora of the Americas

Category:Taxa described in 1753

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Category:Symbols of Florida