crowdmapping

Crowdmapping can be used to track fires, floods, pollution, crime, political violence, the spread of disease and bring a level of transparency to fast-moving events that are difficult for traditional media to adequately cover, or problem areas and longer-term trends and that may be difficult to identify through the reporting of individual events.

During disasters the timeliness of relevant maps is critical as the needs and locations of victims may change rapidly.

The use of crowdmapping by authorities can improve situational awareness during an incident and be used to support incident response.

Crowdmaps are an efficient way to visually demonstrate the geographical spread of a phenomenon.

• HealthMap is a freely accessible, automated electronic information system in operation since 2006 that monitors, organizes, and visualizes reports of global disease outbreaks according to geography, time, and infectious disease agent that also crowdsources user data.Brownstein JS, Freifeld CC, Reis BY, Mandl KD (2008) [http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050151 Surveillance Sans Frontières: Internet-Based Emerging Infectious Disease Intelligence and the HealthMap Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080809164120/http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0050151 |date=2008-08-09 }}. PLoS Med 5(7): e151.Barclay E (2008). Predicting the next pandemic. Lancet.{{cite news|title=Hypochondriacs turn to the crowd to track illnesses as CDC goes dark during government shutdown|url=https://venturebeat.com/2013/10/04/hypochondriacs-turn-to-the-crowd-to-track-illnesses-as-cdc-goes-dark-during-government-shutdown/|work=VentureBeat|accessdate=6 January 2017|date=2013-10-04}}

• 2007–08 Kenyan crisis{{cite news|last1=Rühle|first1=Alex|title=Crowdmapping: Ushahidi|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/crowdmapping-ushahidi-1.3256143|newspaper=Süddeutsche Zeitung|accessdate=6 January 2017|language=de|date=1 November 2016}}{{cite news|last1=Oxford|first1=Adam|title=Nairobi's iHub seeks investment for new hardware hackspace, Gearbox|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/nairobis-ihub-seeks-investment-for-new-hardware-hackspace-gearbox/|work=ZDNet|access-date=6 January 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Jeffery|first1=Simon|title=Ushahidi: crowdmapping collective that exposed Kenyan election killings|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/apr/07/ushahidi-crowdmap-kenya-violence-hague|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=6 January 2017|date=7 April 2011}}

• In the 2010 Haiti earthquake the Ushahidi crowdmapping platform was used to map more than 3584 events in close to real time, including breakout of fires and people trapped under buildings.{{cite web|title=Crowdmapping|url=http://www.nesta.org.uk/digital-social-innovation/crowdmapping|publisher=Nesta|accessdate=6 January 2017}}{{cite web|title=How Crowdmapping Attempts to Stay Ahead of Natural Disasters|publisher=Cross-Pollinate|url=http://crosspollinatesolutions.com/2014/04/09/how-crowdmapping-attempts-to-stay-ahead-of-natural-disasters/|accessdate=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107170807/http://crosspollinatesolutions.com/2014/04/09/how-crowdmapping-attempts-to-stay-ahead-of-natural-disasters/|archive-date=7 January 2017|url-status=dead}}
• The Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team organizes volunteers to rapidly update OpenStreetMap in areas of natural disasters, since 2010. Worldwide volunteers use aerial and satellite photography to increase the level of detail in regional maps, frequently within a few days of the crisis, while on-site disaster relief workers provide relevant information such as where buildings and roads have been destroyed or repaired.{{Cite book |title=Mapping and the Citizen Sensor |last=Foody |first=Giles |year=2017 |location=London |publisher=Ubiquity Press |jstor=j.ctv3t5qzc |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3t5qzc |display-authors=etal |isbn=978-1-911529-16-3 |page=43}}

• One week after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011 the Safecast project was launched that loaned volunteers cheap Geiger counters to measure local levels of radioactivity (or volunteers purchased their own device). This data was mapped and made publicly available through their website.
• Hurricane Irene in 2011{{cite web|title=Crowdmapping Irene|url=http://www.welovedc.com/2011/08/27/crowdmapping-irene/|publisher=We Love DC|accessdate=6 January 2017}}{{cite book|last1=Halsted|first1=Deborah D.|last2=Clifton|first2=Shari C.|last3=Wilson|first3=Daniel T.|title=Library as Safe Haven: Disaster Planning, Response, and Recovery; A How-To-Do-It Manual for Librarians|publisher=American Library Association|isbn=9781555709136|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4Z0BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT81|accessdate=6 January 2017|language=en|year=2014}}

• In 2012 the Danish daily newspaper and online title Dagbladet Information mapped the positions of surveillance cameras by encouraging readers to use a free Android and iOS app to photograph and geolocate CCTV cameras.{{cite web|title=Crowdmapping Denmark's CCTV cameras|url=https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/data-journalism-crowdmapping-denmark-s-cctv-cameras/s2/a550761/|accessdate=6 January 2017|date=12 October 2012}}{{Better source|date=January 2017}}

• In 2013, predict the reemergence of cicada swarms, WNYC—a public radio station in New York City—asked residents of certain areas to use sensors to track the soil temperature. The crowd-reported temperatures were displayed on a map on WNYC’s website.{{cite web|last1=Aitamurto|first1=Tanja|title=Motivation Factors in Crowdsourced Journalism: Social Impact, Social Change, and Peer Learning|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290438387|accessdate=6 January 2017|date=1 October 2015}}{{cite web|title=Cicada Tracker|url=https://project.wnyc.org/cicadas/|publisher=WNYC|accessdate=6 January 2017}}

• April 2015 Nepal earthquake{{cite web|title=Can workers save Nepal's sacred sites before the monsoons hit?|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/can-workers-save-nepals-sacred-sites-monsoons-hit/|publisher=PBS NewsHour|accessdate=6 January 2017|date=2015-05-05}}{{cite news|title=How data gathering has helped in Nepal|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/how-data-gathering-has-helped-in-nepal-1.2219588|newspaper=The Irish Times|accessdate=6 January 2017}}{{cite news|title=How social media is helping Nepal rebuild after two big earthquakes|url=https://qz.com/406562/how-social-media-is-helping-nepal-rebuild-after-two-big-earthquakes-2/|work=Quartz|accessdate=6 January 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Bochenski|first1=Natalie|title=Brisbane developers assist Nepal|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/brisbane-developers-netengine-helping-nepal-via-crowdmapping-20150505-gguto1.html|newspaper=Brisbane Times|accessdate=6 January 2017|date=5 May 2015}}

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• 3D reconstruction from multiple images
• Sensor journalism
• Crisis mapping
• Mass collaboration
• Big data
• Data activism
• Artificial Intelligence for Digital Response
• Participatory monitoring
• Heat map
• Crowdsensing
• Participatory sensing

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Category:Geographic position

Category:Collaborative mapping

Category:Web mapping

Category:Emergency management