demographics of Hungary
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox place demographics
| place = Hungary
| image = File:Hungary single age population pyramid 2020.png
| image size = 350
| caption = Population Pyramid 2020
| size_of_population = {{decrease}} 9,597,085 (1 January 2023)
| growth = −4.9 births/1,000 population (2020)
| birth = 9.5 births/1,000 population (2020)
| death = 14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020)
| life = 76.16 years (2019)
| life_male = 72.86 years (2019)
| life_female = 79.33 years (2019)
| fertility = 1.52 children born/woman (2022){{Cite web|url=https://www.ksh.hu/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_annual/i_wnt001b.html|title=STADAT – 1.1. Population, vital events (1941–)|website=www.ksh.hu}}
| infant_mortality = 3.4 / 1000 live births (2020)
| age_0-14_years = 14.8%
| age_15-64_years = 67.7%
| age_65_years = 17.5%
| sr_total_mf_ratio = 0.91 male(s)/female
| sr_at_birth = 1.06 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
| sr_under_15 = 1.06 male(s)/female
| sr_15-64_years = 0.96 male(s)/female
| sr_65_years_over = 0.59 male(s)/female
| nation=noun: Hungarian(s) adjective: Hungarian
| major_ethnic = Hungarians
| minor_ethnic =
| minorities =
| spoken = Hungarian
| image_size = 350
}}
Demographic features of the population of Hungary include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.
Population
File:Population density in Hungary.png.]]
{{Historical populations
| type =
| percentages = pagr
|footnote = Note: Only present territory of Hungary[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_eves/i_wdsd001.html Népesség a település jellege szerint, január 1. (1980–)] KSH.hu
|1870 | 5011310
|1880 | 5329191
|1890 | 6009351
|1900 | 6854415
|1910 | 7612114
|1920 | 7986875
|1930 | 8685109
|1941 | 9316074
|1949 | 9204799
|1960 | 9961044
|1970 | 10300996
|1980 | 10709463
|1990 | 10374823
|2001 | 10200298
|2011 | 9937628
|2022 | 9603634
}}
Hungary's population has been slowly declining since 1980. The population composition at the foundation of Hungary (895) depends on the size of the arriving Hungarian population and the size of the Slavic (and remains of Avar-Slavic) population at the time. One source mentions 200,000 Slavs and 400,000 Hungarians,{{cite book |title=A Country Study: Hungary |publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+hu0013)|access-date=2009-03-06}} while other sources often don't give estimates for both, making comparison more difficult. The size of the Hungarian population around 895 is often estimated between 120,000 and 600,000,{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7FnAAAAMAAJ&q=We+can+assume+a+total+of+individuals+for+the+Magyar+population+settling+in+the+Carpathian+Basin|title=Eurasian Studies Yearbook|date=May 10, 2006|publisher=Eurolingua|via=Google Books}} with a number of estimates in the 400-600,000 range.{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7FnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22from+1070000%22|title=Eurasian Studies Yearbook|date=6 April 2018|publisher=Eurolingua|via=Google Books}}Edgar C. Polomé, Essays on Germanic religion, Institute for the Study of Man, 1989, p. 150 [https://books.google.com/books?id=THs7AQAAIAAJ&q=400-500000] Other sources only mention a fighting force of 25,000 Magyar warriors used in the attack,{{cite book|title=The Kingfisher History Encyclopedia|author=((Editors of Kingfisher))|date=2004|publisher=Kingfisher|isbn=9780753457849|url=https://archive.org/details/kingfisherhistor00edit|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/kingfisherhistor00edit/page/120 120]|access-date=2015-05-18}}{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DjTVAAAAMAAJ&q=%2225,000+warriors%22|title=The Encyclopedia Americana|first=Alexander Hopkins|last=McDonnald|date=6 April 2018|publisher=Americana Corporation|via=Google Books}} while declining to estimate the total population including women and children and warriors not participating in the invasion. In the historical demographics the largest earlier shock was the Mongol Invasion of Hungary, several plagues also took a toll on the country's population.
According to demographers, about 80 percent of the population was made up of Hungarians before the Battle of Mohács. However, the Hungarian ethnic group became a minority in its own country in the 18th century due to centuries long Ottoman and Habsburg wars, the resettlement policies and continuous immigration from neighboring countries. Major territorial changes made Hungary ethnically homogeneous after World War I. Nowadays, more than nine-tenths of the population is ethnically Hungarian and speaks Hungarian as the mother tongue.Hungary. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 11, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276730/Hungary
File:Historical_population_of_Hungary.svg
{{GraphChart
| width = 500
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=year
| yAxisTitle= million
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
| y1= 6.85, , , , , , , , , , 7.61, , , , , , , , , 7.86, 7.94, 8.02, 8.08, 8.17, 8.22, 8.3, 8.37, 8.49, 8.51, 8.58, 8.66, 8.73, 8.78, 8.85, 8.91, 8.98, 9.04, 9.1, 9.16, 9.22, 9.28, 9.34, 9.39, 9.44, 9.25, 9.06, 9.04, 9.09, 9.16, 9.25, 9.34, 9.42, 9.5, 9.6, 9.71, 9.82, 9.91, 9.84, 9.88, 9.94, 9.98, 10.03, 10.06, 10.09, 10.12, 10.15, 10.18, 10.22, 10.26, 10.3, 10.34, 10.37, 10.4, 10.43, 10.48, 10.54,10.6, 10.65, 10.68,10.7, 10.71, 10.71, 10.71, 10.69, 10.67, 10.65,10.63,10.61,10.6, 10.48, 10.37, 10.37, 10.37, 10.36, 10.34, 10.33, 10.31, 10.29, 10.27, 10.24, 10.21, 10.19, 10.16, 10.13, 10.11, 10.09, 10.07, 10.06, 10.04, 10.02, 10, 9.97, 9.92, 9.89, 9.87, 9.84, 9.81, 9.79, 9.78, 9.77, 9.75, 9.73, 9.69, 9.68
| y1Title= population (million)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 500
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMax= 15
| yAxisMin= -20
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| hAnnotatonsLine=0
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| type = line
| x = 1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
| y1= 12.4, 12.6, 11.7, 10.4, 12.2, 7.7, 11.2, 10.6, 11.7, 11.7, 12.0, 10.0, 13.0, 11.1, 11.1, -1.6, -4.1, -4.7, -10.0, 7.6, 10.0, 10.6, 9.4, 9.7, 6.5, 11.2, 10.7,8.0, 9.2, 7.3, 9.9, 7.1, 5.5, 7.3, 7.3, 5.9, 6.1, 6.0, 5.6, 5.9, 5.7, 5.7, 5.4, 4.9, 5.0, -4.7, 3.7, 7.7, 9.4,9.2, 9.5, 8.6, 8.2, 9.9, 12.0, 11.5,8.9, 6.5, 6.1, 4.8, 4.5, 4.4, 2.2, 3.2, 3.1, 2.5, 3.6, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.1, 2.7, 3.3, 3.1, 5.8, 6.0, 5.0, 4.3, 2.6, 2.2, 0.3, -0.2, -1.0, -2.0, -2.0, -1.6, -1.8, -1.6, -1.5, -2.0, -1.9, -1.7, -2.6, -3.2, -3.0,-3.2, -3.7, -3.8, -4.2, -4.7, -3.7, -3.4, -3.5, -4.1, -3.7, -3.8, -3.2, -3.5, -3.1, -3.4, -4.0, -4.1, -3.9, -3.9, -3.5, -4.1, -3.5, -4.1, -4.2, -4.1, -5.0, -6.4, -4.9
|y2= , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 0,-0.7, -2, 1.3, -0.5, -1.6, -2.3, 6.1, -6.8, 0.8, -0.6, 0.9, 0.5, -0.2, 0.5, 1.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.4, 1.1, 0.7, 0.2, 0.2, -25.5, -16.9, -5.2, -2.1, -2.3, 0.7, 0, 0.5, 0.3, -0.4, -0.6, 0.7, -0.3, -13.7, -1.9, 0.8, 0.2, 0, 1.1, -0.5, 0.1, 2.5, -0.6, -0.1, 0, 0.5, 0.7, 0.2, -0.3, 0.1, -1.3, -0.1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.8, -0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0, -0.2, 0.1, -0.1, 0, -8.9, -8.5, 1.6, 2.2, 2.1, 1.7, 1.8, 2, 1.8, 1.9, 1.9, 1.1, 1.2, 0.7, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 1.6, 2, 1.3, 1.8, 1.7, 1.2, -1.2, 1.1, 0.8, 1.7, 0.5, 1.4, 2.9, 3.7, 2.8, 4.4, 0.6
| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
| y2Title=Crude migration change (per 1000)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 500
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| hAnnotatonsLine=2.1
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| type = line
| x = 1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
| y1= 5.28,5.22,5.16,5.10,5.04,4.98,4.91,4.85,4.79,4.73,4.67,4.59,4.50,4.42,4.34,4.26,4.17,4.09,4.01,3.93,3.84,3.81,3.60,3.39,3.18,3.36,3.24,3.05,3.08,2.92,2.84,2.84,2.78,2.72,2.57,2.55,2.48,2.42,2.46,2.50,2.48,2.52,2.55,2.55,2.61,2.64,2.67,2.70,2.73,2.76,2.77,2.76,2.72,2.67,2.61,2.53,2.44,2.34,2.23,2.12,2.02,1.94,1.79,1.82,1.81,1.82,1.89,2.01,2.06,2.03,1.98,1.93,1.92,1.93,2.27,2.34,2.23,2.15,2.06,2.00,1.91,1.87,1.79,1.74,1.75,1.85,1.84,1.82,1.81,1.80,1.87,1.88,1.78,1.69,1.64,1.57,1.46,1.38,1.32,1.28,1.32,1.31,1.30,1.27,1.27,1.30,1.34,1.31,1.35,1.32,1.25,1.23,1.34,1.34,1.41,1.44,1.49,1.49,1.49,1.49,1.56, 1.59, 1.52
| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}
=Population over time=
Note: The data refer to the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, and not that of the present-day republic.
==Demographics of Kingdom of Hungary, (1910 Census)==
Demographic changes in pre-Trianon Hungary (1867–1914)
=Population and ethnic composition (1869–1910)=
| class="wikitable"
!Land !Mother tongues (1910 census) |
| Kingdom of Hungary
|Hungarian (54.4%), Romanian (16.1%), Slovak (10.7%), German (10.4%), Ruthenian (2.5%), Serbian (2.5%), Croatian (1.8%) |
| Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
|Croatian (62.5%), Serbian (24.6%), German (5.0%), Hungarian (4.1%) |
| class="wikitable sortable"
! Land ! colspan=1 | Hungarian ! colspan=1 | Romanian ! colspan=1 | German ! colspan=1 | Slovak ! colspan=1 | Croatian ! colspan=1 | Serbian ! colspan=1 | Ruthenian ! colspan=1 | Other ! colspan=1 | Total |
| Danube Right Bank
| 72% (2,221,295) | 0% (833) | 18% (555,694) | 0.6% (17,188) | 5.5% (168,436) | 0.5% (15,170) | 0% (232) | 3.4% (105,556) | 14.8% (3,084,404) |
| Danube Left Bank
| 32.7% (711,654) | 0% (704) | 6.6% (144,395) | 58.8% (1,279,574) | 0.1% (2,294) | 0% (200) | 0% (393) | 1.7% (36,710) | 10.4% (2,175,924) |
| Danube-Tisza
| 81.2% (3,061,066) | 0.1% (4,813) | 9.5% (357,822) | 2.1% (79,354) | 0.1% (4,866) | 4.1% (154,298) | 0.3% (11,121) | 4.1% (96,318) | 18% (3,769,658) |
| Tisza Right Bank
| 53.5% (945,990) | 0.1% (1,910) | 5.6% (98,564) | 25% (441,776) | 0% (486) | 0% (247) | 14.3% (253,062) | 1.6% (27,646) | 8.5% (1,769,681) |
| Tisza Left Bank
| 61.8% (1,603,924) | 24% (621,918) | 3.2% (83,229) | 3.1% (81,154) | 0% (327) | 0% (321) | 7.5% (194,504) | 0.3% (8,547) | 12.4% (2,594,924) |
| Tisza-Maros
| 22.2% (474,988) | 39.5% (845,850) | 19.9% (427,253) | 2.1% (44,715) | 0.2% (4,950) | 13.6% (290,434) | 0.1% (3,188) | 2.4% (50,391) | 10.3% (2,141,769) |
| Transylvania
| 34.3% (918,217) | 55% (1,472,021) | 8.7% (234,085) | 0.1% (2,404) | 0% (523) | 0% (421) | 0.1% (1,759) | 1.8% (48,937) | 12.8% (2,678,367) |
| Fiume
| 13% (6,493) | 0.3% (137) | 4.6% (2,315) | 0.4% (192) | 26% (12,926) | 0.9% (425) | 0% (11) | 54.8 (27,307, mostly Italian) | 0.2% (49,806) |
| Croatia-Slavonia
| 4% (105,948) | 0% (846) | 5.1% (134,078) | 0.8% (21,613) | 62.5% (1,638,354) | 24.6% (644,955) | 0.3% (8,317) | 2.6% (67,843) | 12.6% (2,621,954) |
| Total
| 48.1% (10,050,575) | 14.1% (2,949,032) | 9.8% (2,037,435) | 9.4% (1,967,970) | 8.8% (1,833,162) | 5.3% (1,106,471) | 2.3% (472,587) | 2.2% (469,255) | 100% (20,886,487) |
|---|
{{Disputed map|date=June 2024|section|talkpage=Talk:History of Transylvania#POV map}}
File:Ethnic map of 11th century.jpg|Kniezsa's (1938) view on the ethnic map of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 11th century, based on toponyms. Kniezsa's view has been criticized by many scholars, because of its non-compliance with later archaeological and onomastics research, but his map is still regularly cited in modern reliable sources. One of the most prominent critics of this map was Emil Petrovici.Ethnic Continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian Area, Elemér Illyés
File:Kingdom of Hungary - Ethnic Map - 1495.jpg|Estimated ethnic map of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1495, created by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences based on their research. Hungarians are depicted in orange. The date 1495 is based on a nationwide registry conducted in the Kingdom of Hungary by commission of the royal treasury. The map shows the estimated absolute or relative linguistic majority of the local population based on the family names of taxpayers recorded in national or domanial registers, the linguistic analysis of the names of geographic objects and on various scholarly sources.{{Cite book |last1=Kocsis |first1=Károly |url=http://www.mtafki.hu/konyvtar/karpat-pannon2015/en/supplementary_maps.html |title=Changing Ethnic Patterns of the Carpatho-Pannonian Area |last2=Tátrai |first2=Patrik |last3=Agárdi |first3=Norbert |last4=Balizs |first4=Dániel |last5=Bognár |first5=András |last6=Bottlik |first6=Zsolt |last7=Kovács |first7=Anikó |last8=Varga |first8=Árpád E. |last9=Farkas |first9=Zoltán |publisher=The Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences Geographical Institute |year=2015 |isbn=978-963-9545-48-9 |edition=3rd |location=Budapest |last10=Keresztesi |first10=Zoltán |last11=Koczó |first11=Fanni |last12=Nemerkényi |first12=Zsombor |last13=Szabó |first13=Balázs |last14=Szabó |first14=Renáta |last15=Sziládi |first15=József |last16=Bagaméri |first16=Gergely |last17=Balázs |first17=Éva |last18=Butor |first18=Zsanett |last19=Gertheis |first19=Anna |last20=Szigeti |first20=Csaba |last21=Veszely |first21=Zsuzsanna |last22=Gercsák |first22=Gábor |last23=Klinghammer |first23=István}}{{Cite book |last1=Őri |first1=Péter |url=https://nemzetiatlasz.hu/en/home.html |title=National Atlas of Hungary – Volume 3 – Society |last2=Kocsis |first2=Károly |last3=Faragó |first3=Tamás |last4=Tóth |first4=Pál Péter |publisher=Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (CSFK), Geographical Institute |year=2021 |isbn=978-963-9545-64-9 |editor-last=Kocsis |editor-first=Károly |location=Budapest |chapter=History of Population |editor-last2=Őri |editor-first2=Péter |chapter-url=https://www.nemzetiatlasz.hu/MNA/National-Atlas-of-Hungary_Vol3_Ch2.pdf}}{{Cite book |last1=Kocsis |first1=Károly |url=https://www.mtafki.hu/konyvtar/karpat-pannon2015/pdf/Changing_Ethnic_Pattern_Carpatho_Pannonian_Area_2015.pdf |title=Changing Ethnic Patterns of the Carpatho–Pannonian Area from the Late 15th until the Early 21st Century – Accompanying Text |last2=Tátrai |first2=Patrik |last3=Agárdi |first3=Norbert |last4=Balizs |first4=Dániel |last5=Kovács |first5=Anikó |last6=Gercsák |first6=Tibor |last7=Klinghammer |first7=István |last8=Tiner |first8=Tibor |publisher=Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Geographical Institute |year=2015 |isbn=978-963-9545-48-9 |edition=3rd |location=Budapest |language=hu, en}}{{Cite web |title=History of Population – Linguistic map (end of the 15th century) |url=https://emna.hu/en/map/Km_nyelvi_terszerk_1495/@47.1500000,19.6000000,8.00z |website=National Atlas of Hungary (Interactive)}}
File:Kingdom of Hungary - Ethnic Map - 1784.jpg|Ethnic map of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1784 by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, based on their researches. Hungarians are depicted in orange. The ethnic pattern of Hungary changed due to the centuries long wars and migration movements.
File:Ethnographic map of hungary 1910 by teleki carte rouge.jpg|The Red Map.{{cite magazine |title=Teleki Pál – egy ellentmondásos életút|magazine=National Geographic Hungary |language=hu |url=http://www.geographic.hu/index.php?act=napi&id=1707|date=2004-02-18|access-date=2008-01-30}}{{cite web|title=A kartográfia története|publisher=Babits Publishing Company|language=hu|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/02100/02185/html/868.html|access-date=2008-01-30}} Ethnic map of the Hungary proper publicized by the Hungarian delegation. Regions with population density below 20 persons/km2Spatiul istoric si ethnic romanesc, Editura Militara, Bucuresti, 1992 are left blank and the corresponding population is represented in the nearest region with population density above that limit. The vibrant, dominant red color was deliberately chosen to mark Hungarians while the light purple color of the Romanians, who were already the majority in the whole of Transylvania back then, is shadow-like.{{cite web|url=https://dailynewshungary.com/browse-hungarys-detailed-ethnographical-map-made-treaty-trianon-online/|date=9 May 2017|website=dailynewshungary.com|title=Browse Hungary's detailed ethnographic map made for the Treaty of Trianon online}}
File:1910 census in Hungary.png|In the Kingdom of Hungary, the 1910 census was based on mother tongue.{{Cite book |last=Kocsis |first=Károly |title=Magyarország a XX. században – II. Kötet: Természeti környezet, népesség és társadalom, egyházak és felekezetek, gazdaság |publisher=Babits Kiadó |year=1996–2000 |isbn=963-9015-08-3 |editor-last=István |editor-first=Kollega Tarsoly |location=Szekszárd |language=hu |trans-title=Hungary in the 20th century – II. Volume: Natural Environment, Population and Society, Churches and Denominations, Economy |chapter=V. Népesség és társadalom – Demográfiai jellemzők és folyamatok – Magyarország népessége – Anyanyelv, nemzetiség alakulása |trans-chapter=V. Population and Society – Demographic Characteristics and Processes – Hungary's Population – Development of Mother Tongue and Nationality |chapter-url=https://mek.oszk.hu/02100/02185/html/171.html#175}}{{Cite web |last=Kocsis |first=Károly |title=Series of Ethnic Maps of the Carpatho-Pannonian Area |url=https://www.mtafki.hu/konyvtar/kiadv/etnika/}}{{Cite book |last=Árpád |first=Varga E. |url=https://mek.oszk.hu/00900/00983/pdf/studia.pdf |title=Népszámlálások Erdély területén 1850 és 1910 között |year=1999 |location=Bucharest |trans-title=Censuses in Transylvania between 1850 and 1910}}{{Cite web|url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/NEDA_1910_01/?pg=21&layout=s|title = 1910. ÉVI NÉPSZÁMLÁLÁS 1. A népesség főbb adatai községek és népesebb puszták, telepek szerint (1912) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana}} According to the census, 54.4% of the inhabitants of Hungary were recorded to speak Hungarian as their native language. This number included the Jewish ethnic group (around 5% of the population according to a separate census on religion{{sfn|Taylor|1948|p=268}} and about 23% of Budapest's citizenry) who were overwhelmingly Hungarian-speaking (the Jews tending to declare German as mother tongue due to the immigration of Jews of Yiddish/German mother tongue).{{Cite book |last1=Kocsis |first1=Károly |url=https://www.mtafki.hu/kutatok/kocsis/terkepek/Mo-teruletenek_web.pdf |title=The Changing Ethnic Patterns on the Present-Day Territory Of Hungary |last2=Bottlik |first2=Zsolt}}
File:Ethnic Map of Hungary 1910 with Counties.png|Ethnic Map of Hungary 1910 with Counties
[http://mek.niif.hu/02100/02185/html/179.html Magyarország a XX. században / Születési mozgalom és termékenység]. Mek.niif.hu. Retrieved on 2010-10-19.[http://www.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/phd/gabos_andras.pdf Budapesti Közgazdaságtudományi és Államigazgatási Egyetem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304100019/http://www.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/phd/gabos_andras.pdf|date=2009-03-04}}. (PDF). Retrieved on 2010-10-19.{{cite web |title=STADAT – 1.1. Population, vital statistics (1949– ) |url=http://portal.ksh.hu/pls/ksh/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_long/h_wdsd001b.html?350 |access-date=2015-05-18 |publisher=portal.ksh.hu}}
= Fertility =
[[File:Hungary total fertility rate by region 2021.png|thumb|Hungary fertility rate by county (2021)
| width="100%" |
| valign="right" |
{{legend|#80ff7f|1.7 - 1.9}} {{legend|#ffff7f|1.5 - 1.7}} {{legend|#ffbf3f|1.4 - 1.5}} {{legend|#ff7f7e|1.3 - 1.4}} {{legend|#ff3e3e|< 1.3}} |
]]
The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period in the present-day Hungary. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.{{citation|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&country=HUN|title=Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries|author=Max Roser|date=2014|work=Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation}}
| border="1" cellspacing="0" | |
| valign="top" |
{| | |
| style="background:#efefef;" | Year
! style="background:#efefef;" | Total Fertility Rate | |
|---|---|
| 1901 | style="text-align:right;"| 5.32 |
| 1910 | style="text-align:right;"| 4.86 |
| 1921 | style="text-align:right;"| 3.80 |
| 1930 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.84 |
| 1941 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.48 |
| 1949 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.54 |
| 1955 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.81 |
| 1960 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.02 |
| 1965 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.82 |
| 1970 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.98 |
| 1975 | style="text-align:right;"| 2.34 |
| 1980 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.91 |
| valign="top" |
| style="background:#efefef;" | Year
! style="background:#efefef;" | Total Fertility Rate | |
|---|---|
| 1985 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.85 |
| 1990 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.86 |
| 1995 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.57 |
| 2000 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.32 |
| 2005 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.30 |
| 2010 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.25 |
| 2015 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.44 |
| 2019 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.49 |
| 2020 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.56 |
| 2021 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.59 |
| 2022 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.52 |
| 2023 | style="text-align:right;"| 1.51 |
|}
Total Fertility Rate by county
| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! County ! 1980 ! 1990 ! 2001 ! 2011 | ||||
| {{flag|Baranya County|name=Baranya}} | 1.70 | 1.65 | 1.52 | 1.47 |
| {{flag|Bács-Kiskun County|name=Bács-Kiskun}} | 1.81 | 1.73 | 1.59 | 1.56 |
| {{flag|Békés County|name=Békés}} | 1.82 | 1.75 | 1.62 | 1.57 |
| {{flag|Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County|name=Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén}} | 1.88 | 1.83 | 1.72 | 1.66 |
| {{flag|Csongrád County|name=Csongrád}} | 1.59 | 1.55 | 1.44 | 1.41 |
| {{flag|Fejér County|name=Fejér}} | 1.85 | 1.79 | 1.62 | 1.56 |
| {{flag|Győr-Moson-Sopron County|name=Győr-Moson-Sopron}} | 1.81 | 1.73 | 1.56 | 1.49 |
| {{flag|Hajdú-Bihar County|name=Hajdú-Bihar}} | 1.92 | 1.82 | 1.65 | 1.56 |
| {{flag|Heves County|name=Heves}} | 1.79 | 1.69 | 1.57 | 1.53 |
| {{flag|Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County|name=Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok}} | 1.90 | 1.80 | 1.67 | 1.62 |
| {{flag|Komárom-Esztergom County|name=Komárom-Esztergom}} | 1.80 | 1.73 | 1.58 | 1.53 |
| {{flag|Nógrád County|name=Nógrád}} | 1.84 | 1.76 | 1.64 | 1.60 |
| {{flag|Pest County|name=Pest}} | 1.76 | 1.69 | 1.54 | 1.48 |
| {{flag|Somogy County|name=Somogy}} | 1.74 | 1.68 | 1.58 | 1.53 |
| {{flag|Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County|name=Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg}} | 2.21 | 2.05 | 1.85 | 1.75 |
| {{flag|Tolna County|name=Tolna}} | 1.83 | 1.76 | 1.65 | 1.60 |
| {{flag|Vas County|name=Vas}} | 1.82 | 1.72 | 1.58 | 1.51 |
| {{flag|Veszprém County|name=Veszprém}} | 1.88 | 1.79 | 1.64 | 1.58 |
| {{flag|Zala County|name=Zala}} | 1.78 | 1.73 | 1.56 | 1.52 |
| {{flag|Budapest}} | 1.25 | 1.27 | 1.17 | 1.13 |
| All | 1.71 | 1.65 | 1.53 | 1.47 |
Source: 2011 census {{cite web |title=Területi adatok (Territorial data) – 2011 Census |url=http://www.terezvaros.hu/testuleti/nepsz2011-3/ |publisher=Hungarian Central Statistical Office}}
= Life expectancy =
File:Life expectancy in Hungary.svg
File:Life expectancy by WBG -Hungary -diff.png
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period !Life expectancy in |
| 1950–1955
|64.01 |
| 1955–1960
|{{increase}} 66.91 |
| 1960–1965
|{{increase}} 68.79 |
| 1965–1970
|{{increase}} 69.45 |
| 1970–1975
|{{decrease}} 69.41 |
| 1975–1980
|{{increase}} 69.59 |
| 1980–1985
|{{decrease}} 69.08 |
| 1985–1990
|{{increase}} 69.42 |
| 1990–1995
|{{decrease}} 69.41 |
| 1995–2000
|{{increase}} 70.88 |
| 2000–2005
|{{increase}} 72.54 |
| 2005–2010
|{{increase}} 73.74 |
| 2010–2015
|{{increase}} 75.26 |
| 2015–2020
|{{increase}} 76.65 |
== Infant mortality rate ==
The infant mortality rate (IMR) decreased considerably after WW II. In 1949, the IMR was 91.0. The rate decreased to 47.6 in 1960, 35.9 in 1970, 23.2 in 1980, 14.8 in 1990, 9.2 in 2000 and reached an all-time low in 2023 at 3.1 per 1000 live born children.{{Cite web |title=STADAT – 1.1. Population, vital statistics |url=https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/nep/en/nep0001.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=www.ksh.hu}}
Vital statistics
B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750–1975.[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/1948%20DYB.pdf United nations. Demographic Yearbook 1948]{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_hossz/u/h_wdsd001a.html?579 |title=Vital statistics, Hungarian Central Statistical Office|publisher=ksh.hu|access-date=2015-05-18}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/nep/en/nep0040.html|title=22.1.2.7. Vital events by county and region|website=www.ksh.hu}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/nep/en/nep0001.html|title=22.1.1.1. Main indicators of population and vital events|website=www.ksh.hu}}
Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office{{Cite web|url=https://www.ksh.hu/?lang=en|title=Hungarian Central Statistical Office|website=www.ksh.hu}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;" |
| ! width="80pt" |Average population (January 1)
! width="80pt" |Live births ! width="80pt" |Deaths ! width="80pt" |Natural change ! width="80pt" |Crude birth rate (per 1000) ! width="80pt" |Crude death rate (per 1000) ! width="80pt" |Natural change (per 1000) ! width="80pt" |Crude migration change (per 1000) ! width="80pt" |Total fertility rates{{refn|group=fn|In fertility rates, 2.1 and above represents a stable or increasing population and have been marked blue, while 2.0 and below leads to an aging and, ultimately, declining population. }}{{citation |title=World Factbook EUROPE : HUNGARY |date=July 12, 2018 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hungary/ |work=The World Factbook}} |
|---|
| 1900
| align="right" | 6,854,000 | align="right" | 268,019 | align="right" | 177,363 | align="right" | 90,656 | style="color:blue;" | 39.4 | align="right" | 27.0 | align="right" | 12.4 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |5.28 |
| 1901
| align="right" | | align="right" | 260,439 | align="right" | 166,662 | align="right" | 93,777 | align="right" |37.6 | align="right" |25.0 | align="right" |12.6 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |5.22 |
| 1902
| align="right" | | align="right" | 270,385 | align="right" | 179,260 | align="right" | 91,125 | align="right" |38.6 | align="right" |26.9 | align="right" |11.7 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |5.16 |
| 1903
| align="right" | | align="right" | 258,209 | align="right" | 179,518 | align="right" | 78,691 | align="right" |36.5 | 26.1 | align="right" |10.4 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |5.10 |
| 1904
| align="right" | | align="right" | 260,446 | align="right" | 172,704 | align="right" | 87,742 | align="right" |37.0 | align="right" |24.8 | align="right" |12.2 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |5.04 |
| 1905
| align="right" | | align="right" | 252,501 | align="right" | 203,516 | align="right" | 48,985 | align="right" |35.5 | style="color:red;" |27.8 | align="right" |7.7 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.98 |
| 1906
| align="right" | | align="right" | 258,296 | align="right" | 176,938 | align="right" | 81,358 | align="right" |36.1 | align="right" |24.9 | align="right" |11.2 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.91 |
| 1907
| align="right" | | align="right" | 261,231 | align="right" | 180,216 | align="right" | 81,015 | align="right" |36.2 | align="right" |25.6 | align="right" |10.6 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.85 |
| 1908
| align="right" | | align="right" | 268,637 | align="right" | 177,872 | align="right" | 90,765 | align="right" |36.7 | align="right" |25.0 | align="right" |11.7 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.79 |
| 1909
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 271,177 | align="right" | 184,445 | align="right" | 86,732 | align="right" |37.1 | align="right" |25.4 | align="right" |11.7 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.73 |
| 1910
| align="right" | 7,612,000 | align="right" | 265,457 | align="right" | 168,875 | align="right" | 96,582 | align="right" |35.4 | align="right" |23.4 | align="right" |12.0 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.67 |
| 1911
| align="right" | | align="right" | 261,375 | align="right" | 184,009 | align="right" | 77,366 | align="right" |34.8 | align="right" |24.8 | align="right" |10.0 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.59 |
| 1912
| align="right" | | align="right" | 270,804 | align="right" | 172,148 | align="right" | 98,656 | align="right" |36.0 | align="right" |23.0 | style="color:blue;" |13.0 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.50 |
| 1913
| align="right" | | align="right" | 264,418 | align="right" | 174,241 | align="right" | 90,177 | align="right" |34.3 | align="right" |23.2 | 11.1 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.42 |
| 1914
| align="right" | | align="right" | 270,690 | align="right" | 176,574 | align="right" | 94,116 | align="right" |34.5 | align="right" |23.4 | align="right" |11.1 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.34 |
| 1915
| align="right" | | align="right" | 187,734 | align="right" | 189,418 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1,684 | align="right" |23.7 | align="right" |25.3 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1.6 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.26 |
| 1916
| align="right" | | align="right" | 135,443 | align="right" | 159,810 | style="color: red" align="right" | -24,367 | align="right" |16.8 | align="right" |20.9 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.1 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.17 |
| 1917
| align="right" | | align="right" | 130,817 | align="right" | 163,507 | style="color: red" align="right" | -32,690 | align="right" |16.0 | align="right" |20.7 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.7 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.09 |
| 1918
| align="right" | | align="right" | 127,894 | align="right" | 207,395 | style="color: red" align="right" | -79,501 | align="right" | 15.3 | align="right" | 25.7 | style="color: red" align="right" | -10.4 | | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |4.01 |
| 1919
| align="right" | 7,860,000 | align="right" | 217,431 | align="right" | 157,392 | align="right" | 60,039 | align="right" | 27.6 | align="right" | 20.0 | align="right" | 7.6 | style="color: blue"|8.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.93 |
| 1920
| align="right" | 7,987,000 | align="right" | 249,458 | align="right" | 169,717 | align="right" | 79,741 | align="right" | 31.4 | align="right" | 21.4 | align="right" | 10.0 | -5.9 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.84 |
| 1921
| align="right" | 8,020,000 | align="right" | 255,453 | align="right" | 170,059 | align="right" | 85,394 | align="right" | 31.8 | align="right" | 21.2 | align="right" | 10.6 | -3.1 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 3.81 |
| 1922
| align="right" | 8,080,000 | align="right" | 249,279 | align="right" | 173,351 | align="right" | 75,928 | align="right" | 30.8 | align="right" | 21.4 | align="right" | 9.4 | 1.7 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.60 |
| 1923
| align="right" | 8,170,000 | align="right" | 238,971 | align="right" | 159,287 | align="right" | 79,684 | align="right" | 29.2 | align="right" | 19.5 | align="right" | 9.8 | -3.7 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.39 |
| 1924
| align="right" | 8,220,000 | align="right" | 221,462 | align="right" | 167,668 | align="right" | 53,794 | align="right" | 26.9 | align="right" | 20.4 | align="right" | 6.5 | 3.2 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.18 |
| 1925
| align="right" | 8,300,000 | align="right" | 235,480 | align="right" | 142,150 | align="right" | 93,330 | align="right" | 28.3 | align="right" | 17.1 | align="right" | 11.2 | -2.8 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.36 |
| 1926
| align="right" | 8,370,000 | align="right" | 229,484 | align="right" | 139,905 | align="right" | 89,579 | align="right" | 27.4 | align="right" | 16.7 | align="right" | 10.7 | 3.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.24 |
| 1927
| align="right" | 8,490,000 | align="right" | 218,548 | align="right" | 150,675 | align="right" | 67,873 | align="right" | 25.8 | align="right" | 17.8 | align="right" | 8.0 | -5.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |3.05 |
| 1928
| align="right" | 8,510,000 | align="right" | 224,693 | align="right" | 146,496 | align="right" | 78,197 | align="right" | 26.4 | align="right" | 17.2 | align="right" | 9.2 | -1.0 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 3.08 |
| 1929
| align="right" | 8,580,000 | align="right" | 215,463 | align="right" | 152,847 | align="right" | 62,976 | align="right" | 25.1 | align="right" | 17.8 | align="right" | 7.3 | 4.9 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.92 |
| 1930
| align="right" | 8,685,000 | align="right" | 219,784 | align="right" | 134,341 | align="right" | 85,443 | align="right" | 25.4 | align="right" | 15.5 | align="right" | 9.9 | -4.7 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.84 |
| 1931
| align="right" | 8,730,000 | align="right" | 206,925 | align="right" | 144,968 | align="right" | 61,957 | align="right" | 23.7 | align="right" | 16.6 | align="right" | 7.1 | -1.0 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.84 |
| 1932
| align="right" | 8,783,000 | align="right" | 205,529 | align="right" | 157,106 | align="right" | 48,423 | align="right" | 23.4 | align="right" | 17.9 | align="right" | 5.5 | 1.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.78 |
| 1933
| align="right" | 8,845,000 | align="right" | 193,911 | align="right" | 129,913 | align="right" | 63,998 | align="right" | 21.9 | align="right" | 14.7 | align="right" | 7.2 | 0.7 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.72 |
| 1934
| align="right" | 8,915,000 | align="right" | 194,279 | align="right" | 129,049 | align="right" | 65,230 | align="right" | 21.8 | align="right" | 14.5 | align="right" | 7.3 | 0 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.57 |
| 1935
| align="right" | 8,980,000 | align="right" | 189,479 | align="right" | 136,923 | align="right" | 52,556 | align="right" | 21.1 | align="right" | 15.2 | align="right" | 5.9 | 0.8 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.55 |
| 1936
| align="right" | 9,040,000 | align="right" | 183,369 | align="right" | 128,333 | align="right" | 55,036 | align="right" | 20.3 | align="right" | 14.2 | align="right" | 6.1 | 0.5 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.48 |
| 1937
| align="right" | 9,100,000 | align="right" | 182,449 | align="right" | 128,049 | align="right" | 54,400 | align="right" | 20.0 | align="right" | 14.1 | align="right" | 6.0 | 0.5 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.42 |
| 1938
| align="right" | 9,159,000 | align="right" | 182,206 | align="right" | 130,628 | align="right" | 51,578 | align="right" | 19.9 | align="right" | 14.3 | align="right" | 5.6 | 0.8 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.46 |
| 1939
| align="right" | 9,217,000 | align="right" | 178,633 | align="right" | 124,591 | align="right" | 54,042 | align="right" | 19.4 | align="right" | 13.5 | align="right" | 5.9 | 0.9 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.50 |
| 1940
| align="right" | 9,280,000 | align="right" | 185,562 | align="right" | 132,735 | align="right" | 52,827 | align="right" | 20.0 | align="right" | 14.3 | align="right" | 5.7 | -1.8 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.48 |
| 1941
| align="right" | 9,316,000 | align="right" | 177,047 | align="right" | 123,349 | align="right" | 53,698 | align="right" | 19.0 | align="right" | 13.2 | align="right" | 5.7 | 2.5 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.52 |
| 1942
| align="right" | 9,392,000 | align="right" | 187,187 | align="right" | 136,844 | align="right" | 50,343 | align="right" | 19.9 | align="right" | 14.6 | align="right" | 5.4 | -0.3 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.55 |
| 1943
| align="right" | 9,440,000 | align="right" | 173,295 | align="right" | 127,158 | align="right" | 46,137 | align="right" | 18.4 | align="right" | 13.5 | align="right" | 4.9 | -25.0 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.55 |
| 1944
| style="color: red" align="right" | 9,250,000 | align="right" | 190,000 | align="right" | 144,048 | align="right" | 45,952 | align="right" | 20.5 | align="right" | 15.6 | align="right" | 5.0 | style="color: red" |
| 26.1
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.61 |
| 1945
| style="color: red" align="right" | 9,055,000 | align="right" | 169,091 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | 211,323 | style="color: red" align="right" | -42,232 | align="right" | 18.7 | align="right" | 23.3 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.7 | 3.3 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.64 |
| 1946
| style="color: red" align="right" | 9,042,000 | align="right" | 169,120 | align="right" | 135,486 | align="right" | 33,634 | align="right" | 18.7 | align="right" | 15.0 | align="right" | 3.7 | 1.9 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.67 |
| 1947
| align="right" | 9,093,000 | align="right" | 187,316 | align="right" | 117,537 | align="right" | 69,779 | align="right" | 20.6 | align="right" | 12.9 | align="right" | 7.7 | -0.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.70 |
| 1948
| align="right" | 9,158,000 | align="right" | 191,907 | align="right" | 105,780 | align="right" | 86,127 | align="right" | 21.0 | align="right" | 11.6 | align="right" | 9.4 | -4.3 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.73 |
| 1949
| align="right" | 9,205,000 [https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/nep/en/nep0002.html hungarian central statistical office, 22.1.1.2. The number of population and average age by sex, visited Oktober 7 2023 ] | align="right" | 190,398 | align="right" | 105,718 | align="right" | 84,680 | align="right" | 20.6 | align="right" | 11.4 | align="right" | 9.2 | 0.4 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.76 |
| 1950
| align="right" | 9,293,000 | align="right" | 195,567 | align="right" | 106,902 | align="right" | 88,665 | align="right" | 20.9 | align="right" | 11.4 | align="right" | 9.5 | 0.2 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.77 |
| 1951
| align="right" | 9,383,000 | align="right" | 190,645 | align="right" | 109,998 | align="right" | 80,647 | align="right" | 20.2 | align="right" | 11.7 | align="right" | 8.6 | -0.1 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.76 |
| 1952
| align="right" | 9,463,000 | align="right" | 185,820 | align="right" | 107,443 | align="right" | 78,377 | align="right" | 19.6 | align="right" | 11.3 | align="right" | 8.2 | 0.5 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.72 |
| 1953
| align="right" | 9,545,000 | align="right" | 206,926 | align="right" | 112,039 | align="right" | 94,887 | align="right" | 21.6 | align="right" | 11.7 | align="right" | 9.9 | 0.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.67 |
| 1954
| align="right" | 9,645,000 | align="right" | 223,347 | align="right" | 106,670 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 116,677 | align="right" | 23.0 | align="right" | 11.0 | align="right" | 12.0 | 0.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.61 |
| 1955
| align="right" | 9,767,000 | align="right" | 210,430 | align="right" | 97,848 | align="right" | 112,582 | align="right" | 21.4 | align="right" | 10.0 | align="right" | 11.5 | 0.4 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.53 |
| 1956
| align="right" | 9,883,000 | align="right" | 192,810 | align="right" | 104,236 | align="right" | 88,574 | align="right" | 19.5 | align="right" | 10.5 | align="right" | 8.9 | -14.4 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.44 |
| 1957
| style="color: red" align="right" | 9,829,000 | align="right" | 167,202 | align="right" | 103,645 | align="right" | 63,557 | align="right" | 17.0 | align="right" | 10.5 | align="right" | 6.5 | -4.4 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.34 |
| 1958
| align="right" | 9,850,000 | align="right" | 158,428 | align="right" | 97,866 | align="right" | 60,562 | align="right" | 16.0 | align="right" | 9.9 | align="right" | 6.1 | 0.3 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.23 |
| 1959
| align="right" | 9,913,000 | align="right" | 151,194 | align="right" | 103,880 | align="right" | 47,314 | align="right" | 15.2 | align="right" | 10.5 | align="right" | 4.8 | 0 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 2.12 |
| 1960
| align="right" | 9,961,000 | align="right" | 146,461 | align="right" | 101,525 | align="right" | 44,936 | align="right" | 14.7 | align="right" | 10.2 | align="right" | 4.5 | 0.1 | align="right" | 2.02 |
| 1961
| align="right" | 10,007,000 | align="right" | 140,365 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" | 96,410 | align="right" | 43,955 | align="right" | 14.0 | style="color:blue;" | 9.6 | align="right" | 4.4 | 0.1 | align="right" | 1.94 |
| 1962
| align="right" | 10,052,000 | align="right" | 130,053 | align="right" | 108,273 | align="right" | 21,780 | align="right" | 12.9 | align="right" | 10.8 | align="right" | 2.2 | 0 | align="right" | 1.79 |
| 1963
| align="right" | 10,074,000 | align="right" | 132,335 | align="right" | 99,871 | align="right" | 32,464 | align="right" | 13.1 | align="right" | 9.9 | align="right" | 3.2 | 0.2 | align="right" | 1.82 |
| 1964
| align="right" | 10,108,000 | align="right" | 132,141 | align="right" | 100,830 | align="right" | 31,311 | align="right" | 13.1 | align="right" | 10.0 | align="right" | 3.1 | 0.1 | align="right" | 1.81 |
| 1965
| align="right" | 10,140,000 | align="right" | 133,009 | align="right" | 108,119 | align="right" | 24,890 | align="right" | 13.1 | align="right" | 10.7 | align="right" | 2.5 | 0.1 | align="right" | 1.82 |
| 1966
| align="right" | 10,166,000 | align="right" | 138,489 | align="right" | 101,943 | align="right" | 36,546 | align="right" | 13.6 | align="right" | 10.0 | align="right" | 3.6 | 0 | align="right" | 1.89 |
| 1967
| align="right" | 10,203,000 | align="right" | 148,886 | align="right" | 109,530 | align="right" | 39,356 | align="right" | 14.6 | align="right" | 10.7 | align="right" | 3.9 | 0.1 | align="right" | 2.01 |
| 1968
| align="right" | 10,244,000 | align="right" | 154,419 | align="right" | 115,354 | align="right" | 39,065 | align="right" | 15.1 | align="right" | 11.2 | align="right" | 3.8 | 0.1 | align="right" | 2.06 |
| 1969
| align="right" | 10,284,000 | align="right" | 154,318 | align="right" | 116,659 | align="right" | 37,659 | align="right" | 15.0 | align="right" | 11.3 | align="right" | 3.7 | 0 | align="right" | 2.03 |
| 1970
| align="right" | 10,322,000 | align="right" | 151,819 | align="right" | 120,197 | align="right" | 31,622 | align="right" | 14.7 | align="right" | 11.6 | align="right" | 3.1 | -0.2 | align="right" | 1.98 |
| 1971
| align="right" | 10,352,000 | align="right" | 150,640 | align="right" | 123,009 | align="right" | 27,631 | align="right" | 14.5 | align="right" | 11.9 | align="right" | 2.7 | -0.2 | align="right" | 1.93 |
| 1972
| align="right" | 10,378,000 | align="right" | 153,265 | align="right" | 118,991 | align="right" | 34,274 | align="right" | 14.7 | align="right" | 11.4 | align="right" | 3.3 | -0.2 | align="right" | 1.92 |
| 1973
| align="right" | 10,410,000 | align="right" | 156,224 | align="right" | 123,366 | align="right" | 32,858 | align="right" | 15.0 | align="right" | 11.8 | align="right" | 3.1 | 0 | align="right" | 1.93 |
| 1974
| align="right" | 10,442,000 | align="right" | 186,288 | align="right" | 125,816 | align="right" | 60,472 | align="right" | 17.8 | align="right" | 12.0 | align="right" | 5.8 | -0.1 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.27 |
| 1975
| align="right" | 10,501,000 | align="right" | 194,240 | align="right" | 131,102 | align="right" | 63,138 | align="right" | 18.4 | align="right" | 12.4 | align="right" | 6.0 | -0.1 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.34 |
| 1976
| align="right" | 10,563,000 | align="right" | 185,405 | align="right" | 132,240 | align="right" | 53,165 | align="right" | 17.5 | align="right" | 12.5 | align="right" | 5.0 | -0.1 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.23 |
| 1977
| align="right" | 10,615,000 | align="right" | 177,574 | align="right" | 132,031 | align="right" | 45,543 | align="right" | 16.7 | align="right" | 12.4 | align="right" | 4.3 | -0.1 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.15 |
| 1978
| align="right" | 10,660,000 | align="right" | 168,160 | align="right" | 140,121 | align="right" | 28,039 | align="right" | 15.7 | align="right" | 13.1 | align="right" | 2.6 | -0.1 | align="right" | 2.06 |
| 1979
| align="right" | 10,687,000 | align="right" | 160,364 | align="right" | 136,829 | align="right" | 23,535 | align="right" | 15.0 | align="right" | 12.8 | align="right" | 2.2 | -0.1 | align="right" | 2.00 |
| 1980
|style="color: blue" align="right"| 10,709,000 | align="right" | 148,673 | align="right" | 145,355 | align="right" | 3,318 | align="right" | 13.9 | align="right" | 13.6 | align="right" | 0.3 | -0.7 | align="right" | 1.91 |
| 1981
| 10,705,000 | align="right" | 142,890 | align="right" | 144,757 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1,867 | align="right" | 13.3 | align="right" | 13.5 | style="color: red" align="right" | -0.2 | -0.7 | align="right" | 1.87 |
| 1982
| 10,695,000 | align="right" | 133,559 | align="right" | 144,318 | style="color: red" align="right" | -10,759 | align="right" | 12.5 | align="right" | 13.5 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1.0 | -1.2 | align="right" | 1.79 |
| 1983
| 10,671,000 | align="right" | 127,258 | align="right" | 148,643 | style="color: red" align="right" | -21,385 | align="right" | 11.9 | align="right" | 13.9 | style="color: red" align="right" | -2.0 | -0.9 | align="right" | 1.74 |
| 1984
| 10,640,000 | align="right" | 125,359 | align="right" | 146,709 | style="color: red" align="right" | -21,350 | align="right" | 11.8 | align="right" | 13.8 | style="color: red" align="right" | -2.0 | -1.9 | align="right" | 1.75 |
| 1985
| 10,599,000 | align="right" | 130,200 | align="right" | 147,614 | style="color: red" align="right" | -17,414 | align="right" | 12.2 | align="right" | 13.9 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1.6 | -2.1 | align="right" | 1.85 |
| 1986
| 10,560,000 | align="right" | 128,204 | align="right" | 147,089 | style="color: red" align="right" | -18,885 | align="right" | 12.1 | align="right" | 13.8 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1.8 | -3.0 | align="right" | 1.84 |
| 1987
| 10,509,000 | align="right" | 125,840 | align="right" | 142,601 | style="color: red" align="right" | -16,761 | align="right" | 11.9 | align="right" | 13.4 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1.6 | -2.7 | align="right" | 1.82 |
| 1988
| 10,464,000 | align="right" | 124,296 | align="right" | 140,042 | style="color: red" align="right" | -15,746 | align="right" | 11.7 | align="right" | 13.2 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1.5 | -2.6 | align="right" | 1.81 |
| 1989
| 10,421,000 | align="right" | 123,304 | align="right" | 144,695 | style="color: red" align="right" | -21,391 | align="right" | 11.8 | align="right" | 13.8 | style="color: red" align="right" | -2.0 | -2.4 | align="right" | 1.80 |
| 1990
| 10,375,000 | align="right" | 125,679 | align="right" | 145,660 | style="color: red" align="right" | -19,981 | align="right" | 12.1 | align="right" | 14.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1.9 | 1.7 | align="right" | 1.87 |
| 1991
| 10,373,400 | align="right" | 127,207 | align="right" | 144,813 | style="color: red" align="right" | -17,606 | align="right" | 12.3 | align="right" | 14.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -1.7 | 1.8 | align="right" | 1.88 |
| 1992
| 10,374,000 | align="right" | 121,724 | align="right" | 148,781 | style="color: red" align="right" | -27,057 | align="right" | 11.7 | align="right" | 14.3 | style="color: red" align="right" | -2.6 | 1.7 | align="right" | 1.78 |
| 1993
| 10,365,000 | align="right" | 117,033 | align="right" | 150,244 | style="color: red" align="right" | -33,211 | align="right" | 11.3 | align="right" | 14.5 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.2 | 1.8 | align="right" | 1.69 |
| 1994
| 10,350,000 | align="right" | 115,598 | align="right" | 146,889 | style="color: red" align="right" | -31,291 | align="right" | 11.2 | align="right" | 14.2 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.0 | 1.7 | align="right" | 1.64 |
| 1995
| 10,337,000 | align="right" | 112,054 | align="right" | 145,431 | style="color: red" align="right" | -33,377 | align="right" | 10.8 | align="right" | 14.1 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.2 | 1.7 | align="right" | 1.57 |
| 1996
| 10,321,000 | align="right" | 105,272 | align="right" | 143,130 | style="color: red" align="right" | -37,858 | align="right" | 10.2 | align="right" | 13.9 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.7 | 1.8 | align="right" | 1.46 |
| 1997
| 10,301,000 | align="right" | 100,350 | align="right" | 139,434 | style="color: red" align="right" | -39,084 | align="right" | 9.8 | align="right" | 13.5 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.8 | 1.8 | align="right" | 1.38 |
| 1998
| 10,280,000 | align="right" | 97,301 | align="right" | 140,870 | style="color: red" align="right" | -43,569 | align="right" | 9.5 | align="right" | 13.7 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.2 | 1.6 | align="right" | 1.32 |
| 1999
| 10,253,000 | align="right" | 94,645 | align="right" | 143,210 | style="color: red" align="right" | -48,565 | align="right" | 9.2 | align="right" | 14.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.7 | 1.7 | align="right" | 1.28 |
| 2000
| 10,222,000 | align="right" | 97,597 | align="right" | 135,601 | style="color: red" align="right" | -38,004 | align="right" | 9.6 | align="right" | 13.3 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.7 | 1.5 | align="right" | 1.32 |
| 2001
| 10,200,000 | align="right" | 97,047 | align="right" | 132,183 | style="color: red" align="right" | -35,136 | align="right" | 9.5 | align="right" | 13.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.4 | 0.9 | align="right" | 1.31 |
| 2002
| 10,175,000 | align="right" | 96,804 | align="right" | 132,833 | style="color: red" align="right" | -36,029 | align="right" | 9.5 | align="right" | 13.1 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.5 | 0.3 | align="right" | 1.30 |
| 2003
| 10,142,000 | align="right" | 94,647 | align="right" | 135,823 | style="color: red" align="right" | -41,176 | align="right" | 9.3 | align="right" | 13.4 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.1 | 1.6 | align="right" | 1.27 |
| 2004
| 10,117,000 | align="right" | 95,137 | align="right" | 132,492 | style="color: red" align="right" | -37,355 | align="right" | 9.4 | align="right" | 13.1 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.7 | 1.8 | align="right" | 1.27 |
| 2005
| 10,098,000 | align="right" | 97,496 | align="right" | 135,732 | style="color: red" align="right" | -38,236 | align="right" | 9.7 | align="right" | 13.5 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.8 | 1.7 | align="right" | 1.30 |
| 2006
| 10,077,000 | align="right" | 99,871 | align="right" | 131,603 | style="color: red" align="right" | -31,732 | align="right" | 9.9 | align="right" | 13.1 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.2 | 2.1 | align="right" | 1.34 |
| 2007
| 10,066,000 | align="right" | 97,613 | align="right" | 132,938 | style="color: red" align="right" | -35,325 | align="right" | 9.7 | align="right" | 13.2 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.5 | 1.4 | align="right" | 1.31 |
| 2008
| 10,045,000 | align="right" | 99,149 | align="right" | 130,027 | style="color: red" align="right" | -30,878 | align="right" | 9.9 | align="right" | 13.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.1 | 1.7 | align="right" | 1.35 |
| 2009
| 10,031,000 | align="right" | 96,442 | align="right" | 130,414 | style="color: red" align="right" | -33,972 | align="right" | 9.6 | align="right" | 13.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.4 | 1.7 | align="right" | 1.32 |
| 2010
| 10,014,000 | align="right" | 90,335 | align="right" | 130,456 | style="color: red" align="right" | -40,121 | align="right" | 9.0 | align="right" | 13.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.0 | 1.2 | align="right" | 1.25 |
| 2011
| 9,986,000 | align="right" | 88,049 | align="right" | 128,795 | style="color: red" align="right" | -40,746 | style= align="right" | 8.8 | align="right" | 12.9 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.1 | -1.3 | style="color: red" align="right" | 1.23 |
| 2012
| 9,932,000 | align="right" | 90,269 | align="right" | 129,440 | style="color: red" align="right" | -39,171 | align="right" | 9.1 | align="right" | 13.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.9 | 1.6 | align="right" | 1.34 |
| 2013
| 9,909,000 | align="right" | 88,689 | align="right" | 126,778 | style="color: red" align="right" | -38,089 | align="right" | 9.0 | align="right" | 12.8 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.9 | 0.7 | align="right" | 1.34 |
| 2014
| 9,877,000 | align="right" | 91,510 | align="right" | 126,308 | style="color: red" align="right" | -34,798 | align="right" | 9.3 | align="right" | 12.8 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.5 | 1.4 | align="right" | 1.41 |
| 2015
| 9,856,000 | align="right" | 91,690 | align="right" | 131,697 | style="color: red" align="right" | -40,007 | align="right" | 9.3 | align="right" | 13.4 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.1 | 1.5 | align="right" | 1.44 |
| 2016
| 9,830,000 | align="right" | 93,063 | align="right" | 127,053 | style="color: red" align="right" | -33,990 | align="right" | 9.5 | align="right" | 12.9 | style="color: red" align="right" | -3.5 | 0.2 | align="right" | 1.49 |
| 2017
| 9,798,000 | align="right" | 91,577 | align="right" | 131,674 | style="color: red" align="right" | -40,097 | align="right" | 9.4 | align="right" | 13.5 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.1 | 2.1 | align="right" | 1.49 |
| 2018
| 9,778,000 | align="right" | 89,807 | align="right" | 131,045 | style="color: red" align="right" | -41,238 | align="right" | 9.2 | align="right" | 13.4 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.2 | 3.7 | align="right" | 1.49 |
| 2019
| 9,773,000 | align="right" | 89,193 | align="right" | 129,603 | style="color: red" align="right" | -40,410 | align="right" | 9.1 | align="right" | 13.3 | style="color: red" align="right" | -4.1 | 3.8 | align="right" | 1.49 |
| 2020
| 9,770,000 | align="right" | 92,338 | align="right" | 141,002 | style="color: red" align="right" | -48,664 | align="right" | 9.5 | align="right" | 14.5 | style="color: red" align="right" | -5.0 | 1.0 | align="right" | 1.56 |
| 2021
| 9,731,000 | align="right" | 93,039 | align="right" | 155,621 | style="color: red" align="right" | -62,582 | align="right" | 9.6 | align="right" | 16.0 | style="color: red" align="right" | -6.4 | 2.1 | align="right" | 1.59 |
| 2022
|9,689,000 | 88,491 | 136,446 | style="color: red" | -47,955 | 9.1 | 14.1 | style="color: red"" | -5.0 | -4.5 | 1.52 |
| 2023
| 9,599,000 | 85,225 | 128,176 | style="color: red" | -42,951 | 8.9 | 13.3 | style="color: red"| -4.4 | -1.8 | 1.51 |
| 2024
| 9,585,000 | style="color: red" | 77,500 | 127,500 | style="color: red" | -50,000 | style="color: red;"| 8.1 | 13.3 | style="color: red" | -5.2 | | 1.38 |
=Current vital statistics=
{{cite web |url= http://www.ksh.hu/gyorstajekoztatok/#/en/list/nep |title=First Releases – Vital events |website= ksh.hu}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/nep/en/nep0064.html|title=22.2.1.1. Main indicator of vital events (monthly data)|website=www.ksh.hu}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
| +
! Period ! Live births ! Deaths ! Natural increase |
| January–March 2024
| 19,342 | 33,761 | −14,419 |
| January–March 2025
| 17,945 | 35,245 | −17,300 |
| Difference
| {{decrease}} −1,397 (−7.2%) | {{increasenegative}} +1,484 (+4.4%) | {{decreaseNegative}} −2,881 |
=Structure of the population=
{{Hidden begin
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.01.2021) (Data refer to usual resident population.): {{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
| class="wikitable" |
| width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male ! width="80pt"|Female ! width="80pt"|Total ! width="80pt"|% |
|---|
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 4 663 794 | align="right" | 5 066 978 | align="right" | 9 730 772 | align="right" | 100 |
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 241 553 | align="right" | 228 350 | align="right" | 469 903 | align="right" | 4.83 |
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 235 461 | align="right" | 222 548 | align="right" | 458 009 | align="right" | 4.71 |
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 250 542 | align="right" | 238 779 | align="right" | 489 321 | align="right" | 5.03 |
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 250 935 | align="right" | 236 815 | align="right" | 487 750 | align="right" | 5.01 |
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 269 584 | align="right" | 252 965 | align="right" | 522 549 | align="right" | 5.37 |
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 321 164 | align="right" | 300 576 | align="right" | 621 740 | align="right" | 6.39 |
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 321 542 | align="right" | 300 563 | align="right" | 622 105 | align="right" | 6.39 |
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 322 953 | align="right" | 310 447 | align="right" | 633 400 | align="right" | 6.51 |
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 404 753 | align="right" | 394 017 | align="right" | 798 770 | align="right" | 8.21 |
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 396 980 | align="right" | 389 352 | align="right" | 786 332 | align="right" | 8.08 |
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 340 428 | align="right" | 344 513 | align="right" | 684 941 | align="right" | 7.04 |
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 271 871 | align="right" | 294 030 | align="right" | 565 901 | align="right" | 5.82 |
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 279 106 | align="right" | 334 279 | align="right" | 613 385 | align="right" | 6.30 |
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 283 306 | align="right" | 374 078 | align="right" | 657 384 | align="right" | 6.76 |
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 203 869 | align="right" | 299 041 | align="right" | 502 910 | align="right" | 5.17 |
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 137 540 | align="right" | 234 575 | align="right" | 372 115 | align="right" | 3.82 |
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 77 655 | align="right" | 166 734 | align="right" | 244 389 | align="right" | 2.51 |
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 37 559 | align="right" | 94 389 | align="right" | 131 948 | align="right" | 1.36 |
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 12 938 | align="right" | 38 093 | align="right" | 51 031 | align="right" | 0.52 |
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 3 096 | align="right" | 10 430 | align="right" | 13 526 | align="right" | 0.14 |
| align="right" | 100–104
| align="right" | 725 | align="right" | 1 958 | align="right" | 2 683 | align="right" | 0.03 |
| align="right" | 105–109
| align="right" | 201 | align="right" | 414 | align="right" | 615 | align="right" | 0.01 |
| align="right" | 110+
| align="right" | 33 | align="right" | 32 | align="right" | 65 | align="right" | <0.01 |
| width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male ! width="80"|Female ! width="80"|Total ! width="50"|Percent |
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 727 556 | align="right" | 689 677 | align="right" | 1 417 233 | align="right" | 14.56 |
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 3 179 316 | align="right" | 3 157 557 | align="right" | 6 336 873 | align="right" | 65.12 |
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 756 922 | align="right" | 1 219 744 | align="right" | 1 976 666 | align="right" | 20.31 |
{{Hidden end}}
=Vital statistics by county=
There are large variations in the birth rates as of 2016: Zala County has the lowest birth rate with 7.5 births per thousand inhabitants, while Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County has the highest birth rate with 11.2 births per thousand inhabitants.
The death rates also differ greatly from as low as 11.3 deaths per thousand inhabitants in Pest County to as high as 15.7 deaths per thousand inhabitants in Békés County.
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| colspan=4 | Vital statistics as of 2016 {{cite web|url=https://www.ksh.hu/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_annual/i_wdsd007b.html|title=STADAT – 6.1.5. Main rates in vital statistics (2001–)|website=www.ksh.hu}} |
|---|
| County
!Birth rate (‰) !Death rate (‰) !Natural increase |
| {{flag|Baranya County|name=Baranya}}
|align="center"| 8.0 |align="center"| 13.6 |align="center"| -5.6 |
| {{flag|Bács-Kiskun County|name=Bács-Kiskun}}
|align="center"| 9.3 |align="center"| 13.6 |align="center"| -4.3 |
| {{flag|Békés County|name=Békés}}
|align="center"| 8.2 |align="center"| 15.7 |align="center"| -7.5 |
| {{flag|Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County|name=Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén}}
|align="center"| 11.0 |align="center"| 14.2 |align="center"| -3.2 |
| {{flag|Budapest}}
|align="center"| 9.2 |align="center"| 12.0 |align="center"| -2.9 |
| {{flag|Csongrád County|name=Csongrád}}
|align="center"| 8.4 |align="center"| 12.9 |align="center"| -4.5 |
| {{flag|Fejér County|name=Fejér}}
|align="center"| 9.4 |align="center"| 12.5 |align="center"| -3.1 |
| {{flag|Győr-Moson-Sopron County|name=Győr-Moson-Sopron}}
|align="center"| 8.9 |align="center"| 11.4 |align="center"| -2.4 |
| {{flag|Hajdú-Bihar County|name=Hajdú-Bihar}}
|align="center"| 10.3 |align="center"| 11.6 |align="center"| -1.3 |
| {{flag|Heves County|name=Heves}}
|align="center"| 9.4 |align="center"| 14.5 |align="center"| -5.1 |
| {{flag|Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County|name=Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok}}
|align="center"| 9.9 |align="center"| 14.8 |align="center"| -4.8 |
| {{flag|Komárom-Esztergom County|name=Komárom-Esztergom}}
|align="center"| 9.7 |align="center"| 13.4 |align="center"| -3.7 |
| {{flag|Nógrád County|name=Nógrád}}
|align="center"| 9.1 |align="center"| 15.1 |align="center"| -6.0 |
| {{flag|Pest County|name=Pest}}
|align="center"| 9.8 |align="center"| 11.3 |align="center"| -1.5 |
| {{flag|Somogy County|name=Somogy}}
|align="center"| 8.8 |align="center"| 14.3 |align="center"| -5.5 |
| {{flag|Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County|name=Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg}}
|align="center"| 11.2 |align="center"| 12.2 |align="center"| -0.9 |
| {{flag|Tolna County|name=Tolna}}
|align="center"| 9.0 |align="center"| 13.7 |align="center"| -4.7 |
| {{flag|Vas County|name=Vas}}
|align="center"| 8.3 |align="center"| 13.5 |align="center"| -5.2 |
| {{flag|Veszprém County|name=Veszprém}}
|align="center"| 8.7 |align="center"| 13.5 |align="center"| -4.8 |
| {{flag|Zala County|name=Zala}}
|align="center"| 7.9 |align="center"| 14.0 |align="center"| -6.1 |
Ethnic groups and language
| class="sortable wikitable"
! style="width:5%;"| County ! style="width:5%;"| Hungarian ! style="width:5%;"| Bulgarian ! style="width:5%;"| Romani ! style="width:5%;"| Greek ! style="width:5%;"| Croat ! style="width:5%;"| Polish ! style="width:5%;"| German ! style="width:5%;"| Armenian ! style="width:5%;"| Romanian ! style="width:5%;"| Rusyn ! style="width:5%;"| Serbian ! style="width:5%;"| Slovak ! style="width:5%;"| Slovenian ! style="width:5%;"| Ukrainian | ||||||||||||||
| All | 93.5% | 0.1% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 3.2% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Budapest | 95.5% | 0.1% | 1.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 1.7% | 0.1% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Bács-Kiskun | 93.7% | 0.0% | 2.2% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 2.4% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Baranya | 86.3% | 0.1% | 4.6% | 0.0% | 1.9% | 0.1% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 6.7% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Békés | 91.9% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 2.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 2.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén | 90.0% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 8.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Csongrád | 96.8% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 1.2% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Fejér | 96.0% | 0.0% | 1.5% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Győr-Moson-Sopron | 95.0% | 0.1% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 2.7% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Hajdú-Bihar | 95.4% | 0.1% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 3.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Heves | 92.6% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 6.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok | 94.2% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 4.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Komárom-Esztergom | 93.2% | 0.1% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 3.6% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Nógrád | 90.0% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 7.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Pest | 94.2% | 0.1% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 2.5% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Somogy | 92.1% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 5.3% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg | 90.8% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 8.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| Tolna | 90.3% | 0.0% | 3.9% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 5.2% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Vas | 94.5% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 1.2% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 2.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.0% |
| Veszprém | 94.8% | 0.0% | 1.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 3.2% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Zala | 94.1% | 0.0% | style="background:#FFEBAD" | 2.6% | 0.0% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
=History and census numbers=
Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon (4 June 1920)File:Ethnographic map of hungary 1910 by teleki carte rouge.jpg Hungary |language=hu |url=http://www.geographic.hu/index.php?act=napi&id=1707|date=2004-02-18|access-date=2008-01-30}}{{cite web|title=A kartográfia története|publisher=Babits Publishing Company|language=hu|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/02100/02185/html/868.html|access-date=2008-01-30}} Ethnic map of the Hungary proper publicized by the Hungarian delegation. Regions with population density below 20 persons/km2 are left blank and the corresponding population is represented in the nearest region with population density above that limit. The vibrant, dominant red color was deliberately chosen to mark Hungarians while the light purple color of the Romanians, who were already the majority in the whole of Transylvania back then, is shadow-like.{{legend|#CC0000|Hungarians}}{{legend|#FF9900|Germans}}{{legend|#99CC33|Slovaks}}{{legend|#336633|Rusyns}}{{legend|#CC99CC|Romanians}}{{legend|#3366CC|Serbs}}{{legend|gray|Croats}}{{legend|white|border=black solid 2px|Spaces with a smaller density than 20 persons/sq km}}]]
Hungary lost 64% of its total population in consequence of the Treaty of Trianon, decreasing from 20.9 million to 7.6 million,{{cite web |url=http://open-site.org/Regional/Europe/Hungary |title=Open-Site:Hungary |access-date=2011-01-01 |archive-date=2022-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103140810/http://open-site.org/Regional/Europe/Hungary |url-status=dead }} and 31% (3.3 out of 10.7 million) of its ethnic Hungarians, Hungary lost five of its ten most populous cities.{{cite web |title=Treaty of Trianon WORLD WAR I [1920] |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Trianon |website=Britannica |access-date=18 January 2020}}
According to the census of 1910, the largest ethnic group in the Kingdom of Hungary were Hungarians, who were 54.5% of the population of Kingdom of Hungary, excluding Croatia-Slavonia.
Although the territories of the former Kingdom of Hungary that were assigned by the treaty to neighbouring states in total had a majority of non-Hungarian population, they also included areas of Hungarian majority and significant Hungarian minorities, numbering 3,318,000 in total.
The number of Hungarians in the different areas based on census data of 1910. The present day location of each area is given in parentheses.
- In Upper Hungary (mostly Slovakia): 885,000 - 30%
- In Transylvania (Romania): 1,658,045 - 31.6%
- In Vojvodina (Serbia): 425,672 - 28.1%
- In Transcarpathia (Ukraine): 183,000 - 30%
- In Croatia: 121,000 - 3.5%
- In Prekmurje (Slovenia): 14,065 - 15%
- In Burgenland (Austria): 26,200 - 9%
Non-Hungarian population in the Kingdom of Hungary, based on 1910 census data
Romanians, Slovaks, Ruthenians, Serbs, Croats and Germans, who represented the majority of the populations of the above-mentioned territories:
- In Upper Hungary (mostly Slovakia): 1,687,977 Slovaks and 1,233,454 others (mostly Hungarians - 886,044, Germans, Ruthenians and Roma). However, according to the Czechoslovak census in 1921, there were 2,025,003 (67,5%) Slovaks, 650,597 (21,7%) Hungarians, 145,844 (4,9%) Germans, 88,970 (3,0%) Ruthenians and 90,456 (3,0%) others including Jews.{{cite web|title=Census in Slovakia in 1919 and 1921|author=Pavol Tišliar |url=http://www.infostat.sk/vdc/pdf/census1919.pdf}}
- In Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukraine): 330,010 Ruthenians and 275,932 others (mostly Hungarians, Germans, Romanians, and Slovaks)
- In Transylvania (Romania): 2,831,222 Romanians (53.8%) and 2,431,273 others (mostly Hungarians - 1,662,948 (31.6%) and Germans - 563,087 (10.7%). The 1919 and 1920 Transylvanian censuses indicate a greater percentage of Romanians (57.1%/57.3%) and a smaller Hungarian minority (26.5%/25.5%){{cite web|title=Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995|author=Árpád Varga|url=http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/erdang.htm}}
- In Vojvodina and Croatia-Slavonia (Serbia, Croatia): 2,756,000 Croats and Serbs and 1,366,000 others (mostly Hungarians and Germans)
- In Prekmurje (Slovenia): 74,199 Slovenes (80%), 14,065 Hungarians (15,2%), 2,540 Germans (2,7%)
- In Burgenland (Austria): 217,072 Germans and 69,858 others (mainly Croatian and Hungarian)
Post-Trianon Hungary
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Population in the territory of present-day Hungary according to ethnic group 1495–1930A népesség változó etnikai arculata Magyarország mai területén (map+data+essay) (Kocsis Károly, Bottlik Zsolt, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Földrajztudományi Kutatóintézet, Budapest, 2009, {{ISBN|978-963-9545-19-9}}) | ||||||||
| bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic ! colspan="2" | estimation 1495 ! colspan="2" | 1715 ! colspan="2" | 1785 ! colspan="2" | census 1880 ! colspan="2" | census 1900 ! colspan="2" | census 1910 ! colspan="2" | census 1920 ! colspan="2" | census 1930 | ||||||||
| bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % | ||||||||
| align="left"|Hungarians
|990,000 | 95.6%
|1,176,000 | 79.1%
|2,103,000 | 79.0%
|4,402,364 | 82.4%
|5,890,999 | 85.9%
|6,730,299 | 88.4%
|7,155,973 | 89.6%
|8,000,335 | 92.1% |
| align="left"|Germans
|17,000 | 1.6%
|136,600 | 9.2%
|291,900 | 11.0%
|606,363 | 11.3%
|604,751 | 8.8%
|553,179 | 7.3%
|550,062 | 6.9%
|477,153 | 5.5% |
| align="left"|Slovaks
| n.d | n.d.
|37,700 | 2.5%
|130,400 | 4.9%
|199,788 | 3.7%
|192,227 | 2.8%
|165,317 | 2.2%
|141,877 | 1.8%
|104,786 | 1.2% |
| align="left"|Croats
|1,200 | 0.1%
|58,900 | 4.0%
|71,700 | 2.7%
|59,251 | 1.1%
|68,161 | 1.0%
|62,018 | 0.8%
|58,931 | 0.7%
|47,337 | 0.5% |
| align="left"|Others
|23,800 | 2.4%
|70,800 | 4.8%
|66,214 | 2.4%
|75,598 | 1.5%
|98,277 | 1.5%
|101,301 | 1.3%
|80,026 | 1.0%
|55,503 | 0.6% |
| align="left"|Total
|colspan="2" align="center"|1,032,000 |colspan="2" align="center"|1,480,000 |colspan="2" align="center"|2,663,214 |colspan="2" align="center"|5,343,364 |colspan="2" align="center"|6,854,415 |colspan="2" align="center"|7,612,114 |colspan="2" align="center"|7,986,875 |colspan="2" align="center"|8,685,109 |
According to the 1920 census 10.4% of the population spoke one of the minority languages as mother language:
- 551,212 German (6.9%)
- 141,882 Slovak (1.8%)
- 23,760 Romanian (0.3%)
- 36,858 Croatian (0.5%)
- 23,228 Bunjevac and Šokci (0.3%)
- 17,131 Serb (0.2%)
- 7,000 Slovenes (0,08%)
The number of bilingual people was much higher, for example 1,398,729 people spoke German (17%), 399,176 people spoke Slovak (5%), 179,928 people spoke Croatian (2.2%) and 88,828 people spoke Romanian (1.1%). Hungarian was spoken by 96% of the total population and was the mother language of 89%. The percentage and the absolute number of all non-Hungarian nationalities decreased in the next decades, although the total population of the country increased.
Note: 300.000 Hungarian refugees fled to Hungary from the territory of successor states (Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia) after the WW I.{{cite book|author=Philip D. Morgan|title=Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945 (Routledge history, politics)|location=Oxford|publisher=Psychology Press|date=2003|page=41|isbn=9780415169431|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mz8hLnFiz8wC&q=%22influx+of+some+300%2C000+refugees+from+the+lost%22&pg=PA41}}
From 1938 to 1945
File:Carte_ethnographique_de_L’Europe_Centrale.jpg, the state borders before the Treaty of Trianon of 1920 is marked on the map.{{legend|#f84048|Hungarians}}{{legend|#d5b3b2|Bunjevci}}{{legend|#c5dcd6|Croatians}}{{legend|#fad1a3|Germans}}{{legend|#fff177|Serbs}}{{legend|#bed9c6|Slovaks}}{{legend|#c0a065|Slovenes}}{{legend|#fce1d6|Romanians}}{{legend|#e2e073|Ruthenians}}{{legend|#ffffff|Unpopulated regions (high mountains, large forests, marshes)}}]]
File:Northern Transylvania ethnic map.svg
Hungary expanded its borders with territories from Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia following the First Vienna Award (1938) and Second Vienna Award (1940). The remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia and parts of Yugoslavia were occupied and annexed in 1939 and 1941, respectively. Regarding Northern Transylvania, the Romanian census from 1930 counted 38% Hungarians and 49% Romanians,{{cite book|author=Charles Upson Clark|title=Racial Aspects of Romania's Case|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lozXAAAAMAAJ|year=1941|publisher=Caxton Press}} while the Hungarian census from 1941 counted 53.5% Hungarians and 39.1% Romanians.Károly Kocsis, Eszter Kocsisné Hodosi, Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin, Simon Publications LLC, 1998, p. 116-153 [https://books.google.com/books?id=-zZ_NVM9mNEC&q=1941+census+data&pg=PA120] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403113307/http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-zZ_NVM9mNEC&pg=PA120&dq=Northern+transylvania++hungarians+romanians+number&hl=en&ei=FQkfTdjRKdKZhQeQ4Zi3Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCTgK|date=2015-04-03}} The territory of Bácska had 789,705 inhabitants, and 45,4% or 47,2% declared themselves to be Hungarian native speakers or ethnic Hungarians. The percentage of Hungarian speakers was 84% in southern Czechoslovakia and 25% in the Sub-Carpathian Rus.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Population of Hungary in 1941Joseph Rothschil. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ytc-muwFT_IC&dq=%22table+30%22+%221941+population%22&pg=PA195 East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars] | |
| bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic ! colspan="2" | census 1941 | |
| bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number ! % | |
| align="left"|Hungarians
|11,881,455 | 80.9% |
| align="left"|Romanians
|1,051,026 | 7.2% |
| align="left"|Ruthenians
|547,770 | 3.7% |
| align="left"|Germans
|533,045 | 3.6% |
| align="left"|Serbs
|213,585 | 1.5% |
| align="left"|Slovaks
|175,550 | 1.2% |
| JewishExcept in the year 1941, Jewish people were not recognized as a minority, but only as a religion — assuredly, many Jews considered themselves as belonging to one of the recognized minorities.
|139,041 | 0.9% |
| align="left"|Roma
|76,209 | 0.5% |
| align="left"|Croats
|12,346 | 0.1% |
| align="left"|Slovenes
|9,400 | 0.1% |
| align="left"|Others
|29,210 | 0.2% |
| align="left"|Total
|colspan="2" align="center"|14,679,573 |
After WW II: 1949–1990
After World War II, about 200,000 Germans were deported to Germany according to the decree of the Potsdam Conference. Under the forced exchange of population between Czechoslovakia and Hungary, approximately 73,000 Slovaks left Hungary. After these population movements Hungary became an ethnically almost homogeneous country except the rapidly growing number of Romani people in the second half of the 20th century.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Population of Hungary 1949–1990 | |||||
| bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic ! colspan="2" | census 1949 ! colspan="2" | census 1960 ! colspan="2" | census 1970 ! colspan="2" | census 1980 ! colspan="2" | census 1990 | |||||
| bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % | |||||
| align="left"|Hungarians
|9,076,041 | 98.6%
|9,786,038 | 98.2%
|10,166,237 | 98.5%
|{{font color|blue|10,638,974}} | 99.3%
|10,142,072 | 97.8% |
| align="left"|Roma
|21,387 | 0.2%
|25,633 | 0.3%
|34,957 | 0.3%
|6,404 | 0.1%
|142,683 | 1.4% |
| align="left"|Germans
|22,455 | 0.2%
|50,765 | 0.5%
|35,594 | 0.4%
|11,310 | 0.1%
|30,824 | 0.3% |
| align="left"|Slovaks
|25,988 | 0.3%
|30,630 | 0.3%
|21,176 | 0.2%
|9,101 | 0.1%
|10,459 | 0.1% |
| align="left"|Croats
|20,423 | 0.2%
|33,014 | 0.3%
|17,609 | 0.2%
|13,895 | 0.1%
|13,570 | 0.1% |
| align="left"|Romanians
|14,713 | 0.2%
|15,787 | 0.2%
|12,624 | 0.1%
|8,874 | 0.1%
|10,740 | 0.1% |
| align="left"|Serbs
|5,158 | 0.1%
|4,583 | 0.1%
|12,235 | 0.1%
|2,805 | 0.0%
|2,905 | 0.0% |
| align="left"|Slovenes
|4,473 | 0.1%
|colspan="2"| - |4,205 | 0.0%
|1,731 | 0.0%
|1,930 | 0.0% | |
| align="left"|Others
|14,161 | 0.1%
|14,534 | 0.1%
|17,462 | 0.2%
|16,369 | 0.2%
|19,640 | 0.2% |
| align="left"|Total
|colspan="2" align="center"|9,204,799 |colspan="2" align="center"|9,961,044 |colspan="2" align="center"|10,322,099 |colspan="2" align="center"|10,709,463 |colspan="2" align="center"|10,374,823 |
For historical reasons, significant Hungarian minority populations can be found in the surrounding countries, notably in Ukraine (in Transcarpathia), Slovakia, Romania (in Transylvania), and Serbia (in Vojvodina). Austria (in Burgenland), Croatia, and Slovenia (Prekmurje) are also host to a number of ethnic Hungarians.
2001–2022
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Population of Hungary 2001–2022 | |||
| bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic ! colspan="2" | census 2001 ! colspan="2" | census 2011 ! colspan="2" | census 2022 | |||
| bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % | |||
| align="left"|Hungarians
|9,416,045 | 92.3%
|8,504,492 | 85.6%
|8,438,129 | 87.9% |
| align="left"|Roma
|189,984 | 2.0%
|315,583 | 3.2%
|209,909 | 2.2% |
| align="left"|Germans
|62,105 | 0.6%
|185,696 | 1.9%
|142,551 | 1.5% |
| align="left" |Romanians
|7,995 | 0.1%
|35,641 | 0.4%
|27,554 | 0.3% |
| align="left"|Slovaks
|17,693 | 0.2%
|35,208 | 0.4%
|29,881 | 0.3% |
| align="left"|Croats
|15,597 | 0.2%
|26,774 | 0.3%
|21,824 | 0.2% |
| align="left"|Serbs
|3,816 | 0.0%
|10,038 | 0.1%
|11,622 | 0.1% |
| align="left"|Slovenes
|3,025 | 0.0%
|2,820 | 0.0%
|3,965 | 0.0% |
| align="left"|Others
|57,059 | 0.6%
|73,399 | 0.9%
|55,610 | 0.6% |
| align="left"|Not stated
|570,537 | 5.6%
|1,398,731 | 14.1%
|1,086,239 | 11.3% |
| align="left"|Total
|colspan="2" align="center"|10,198,315 |colspan="2" align="center"|9,937,628 |colspan="2" align="center"|9,603,634 |
- Note: In 2001 570,537, in 2011 1,398,731 people did not give answer for ethnicity. Moreover, people were able to give more than one answer on the question asking for the minorities (for example, people were allowed to write Hungarian as their first ethnic identity and German as an ethnic identity being influenced by), hence the sum of the above exceeds the number of population.
- Methodology had changed in 2001 and 2011 also.{{cite book|last=Vukovich|first=Gabriella|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/mikrocenzus2016/mikrocenzus_2016_12.pdf|title=Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok|trans-title=2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data|language=hu|publisher=Hungarian Central Statistical Office|location=Budapest|year=2018|access-date=9 January 2019|isbn=978-963-235-542-9}}
- Roma people is estimated to be around 8.8% Roma[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/terstat/2018/01/ts580101.pdf A roma népesség területi megoszlásának változása Magyarországon az elmúlt évtizedekben Changes in the Spatial Distribution of the Roma Population in Hungary During the Last Decades]. ksh.hu Retrieved 2018-01-1[http://hvg.hu/itthon/20180222_Ennyi_roma_el_Magyarorszagon Ennyi roma él Magyarországon]. hvg.hu. Retrieved 2018-07-15.
=Historical ethnic groups of Hungary=
File:Hungarians_in_subregions.png
File:1910 census in Hungary.png
When the Hungarians invaded the Carpathian Basin, it was inhabited by Slavic and Avar peoples. Written sources from the 9th century also suggest that some groups of Onogurs and Bulgars occupied the valley of the river Mureș at the time of the Magyars’ invasion. There is a dispute as to whether Romanian population existed in Transylvania during that time.
The Roma minority{{Main|Romani people in Hungary}}
The first Romani groups arrived in Hungary in the fifteenth century from Turkey.Huping Ling, Emerging voices: experiences of underrepresented Asian Americans, Rutgers University Press, 2008, p. 111 [https://books.google.com/books?id=EJfrLhHyjM8C&dq=Roma+people+16th+hungary&pg=PA111] Nowadays, the real number of Roma in Hungary is a disputed question.
In the 2001 census only 190 046 (2%) called themselves Roma, but experts and Roma organisations estimate that there are between 450,000 and 1,000,000 Roma living in Hungary.[http://www.demos.hu/Audit Stratégiai Audit 2005 - DEMOS Magyarország] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226025641/http://www.demos.hu/Audit |date=2009-02-26 }}. Demos.hu (2009-11-06). Retrieved on 2010-10-19.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/|title=The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos|website=www.nytimes.com}}{{cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=2870 |title=Hungary would put the number of Roma in the country at 800,000–1,000,000, or up to 10% of the total population of Hungary. European Rights Roma Center |publisher=errc.org|access-date=2015-05-18}}[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/arts/design/06roma.html The New York City Times]: Roma make up an estimated 8 to 10 percent of Hungary's population[http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0213/p07s02-woeu.html The Christian science monitor]: "[...] the Roma, who account for between 8 and 10 percent of Hungary's 10 million people." Since then, the size of the Roma population has increased rapidly. Today every fifth or sixth newborn child belongs to the Roma minority.{{cite web|url=http://index.hu/gazdasag/magyar/roma060508|title=Index - Gazdaság - Romák a szegénység csapdájában | "Ma minden ötödik-hatodik születendő gyermek cigány." |date=9 May 2006 |publisher=index.hu|access-date=2015-05-18}} Based on current demographic trends, a 2006 estimate by Central European Management Intelligence claims that the proportion of the Roma population will double by 2050, putting the percentage of its Roma community at around 14-15% of the country's population.
There are problems related to the Roma minority in Hungary, and the very subject is a heated and disputed topic.
Objective problems:
- Slightly more than 80% of Roma children complete primary education, but only one third continue studies into the intermediate (secondary) level. This is far lower than the more than 90% proportion of children of non-Roma families who continue studies at an intermediate level. Less than 1% of Roma hold higher educational certificates.{{cite web|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02034/html/#2] |title=Az érettségit megszerzők aránya azonban 0,5%-ról csupán 1,5%-ra nőtt, felsőfokú végzettséget pedig elenyésző számban szereztek.", "A felsőoktatásban tanulók aránya az 1993-as kutatás adatai szerint mindössze 0,22 ezrelék." |publisher=mek.oszk.hu}}
- Poverty: most of the Roma people live in significantly worse conditions than others.{{cite web |url=http://index.hu/gazdasag/magyar/roma060508 |title=Index - Romák a szegénység csapdájában |date=9 May 2006 |publisher=mek.oszk.hu|access-date=2015-05-18}}
- Bad health conditions: life expectancy is about 10 years less compared to non-Romas
{{Gallery
| File:Population pyramid of Budapest.png
|Population pyramid of Budapest (99.2% non-Romany inhabitants), see: Demographics of Budapest
| File:Population pyramid of Alsószentmárton.png
|Population pyramid of Alsószentmárton (100% Romany inhabitants)
}}
Kabars
Three Kabar tribes joined to the Hungarians and participated in the Hungarian conquest of Hungary. They settled mostly in Bihar county.
Böszörménys
The Muslim Böszörménys migrated to the Carpathian Basin in the course of the 10th-12th centuries and they were composed of various ethnic groups. Most of them must have arrived from Volga Bulgaria and Khwarezm.
Pechenegs
Communities of Pechenegs (Besenyő in Hungarian) lived in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 11-12th centuries. They were most numerous in the county of Tolna.
Oghuz Turks (Ouzes)
Smaller groups of Oghuz Turk settlers ('Úzok' or 'Fekete Kunok/Black Cumans' in Hungarian) came to the Carphatian Basin from the middle of the 11th century.Alfried Wieczorek, Hans-Martin Hinz, Europe's centre around AD 1000, Volume 1, Theiss, 2000, p.135 [https://books.google.com/books?id=B5XpAAAAMAAJ&q=oghuz] They were settled mostly in Barcaság. The city of Ózd got its name after them.
Jassics
The Jassic (Jász in Hungarian) people were a nomadic tribe which settled -with the Cumans- in the Kingdom of Hungary during the 13th century. Their name is almost certainly related to that of the Iazyges. Béla IV, king of Hungary granted them asylum and they became a privileged community with the right of self-government. During the centuries they were fully assimilated to the Hungarian population, their language disappeared, but they preserved their Jassic identity and their regional autonomy until 1876. Over a dozen settlements in Central Hungary (e.g. Jászberény, Jászárokszállás, Jászfényszaru) still bear their name.{{cite web|url=http://www.nemzetijelkepek.hu/onkormanyzat-jaszbereny_en.shtml|title=National and historical symbols of Hungary|publisher=nemzetijelkepek.hu|access-date=2015-05-18|archive-date=2008-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080729054659/http://www.nemzetijelkepek.hu/onkormanyzat-jaszbereny_en.shtml|url-status=dead}}
Cumans
During the Russian campaign, the Mongols drove some 200,000 Cumans, a nomadic tribe who had opposed them, west of the Carpathian Mountains. There, the Cumans appealed to King Béla IV of Hungary for protection.[http://www.historynet.com/mongol-invasions-battle-of-liegnitz.htm Mongol Invasions: Battle of Liegnitz], HistoryNet In the Kingdom of Hungary, Cumans created two regions named Cumania (Kunság in Hungarian): Greater Cumania (Nagykunság) and Little Cumania (Kiskunság), both located the Great Hungarian Plain. Here, the Cumans maintained their autonomy, language and some ethnic customs well into the modern era. According to Pálóczi's estimation originally 70–80,000 Cumans settled in Hungary.
Romanians{{See also|Origin of the Romanians}}
The oldest extant documents from Transylvania make reference to Vlachs too. Regardless of the subject of Romanian presence/non-presence in Transylvania prior to the Hungarian conquest, the first chronicles to write of Vlachs in the intra-Carpathian regions is the Gesta Hungarorum,{{Cite book |last=Kristó |first=Gyula |year=2003 |title=Early Transylvania (895-1324) |publisher= Lucidus Kiadó |isbn=978-963-9465-12-1}}{{Cite book |last=Spinei |first=Victor |year=2009 |title=The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century |publisher= Koninklijke Brill NV |isbn=978-90-04-17536-5}} while the first written Hungarian sources about Romanian settlements derive from the 13th century, record was written about Olahteluk village in Bihar County from 1283.György Fejér, Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, Volume 7, typis typogr. Regiae Vniversitatis Vngaricae, 1831 [https://books.google.com/books?id=1HnUAAAAMAAJ&dq=olahteluk&pg=RA1-PA100] The 'land of Romanians', Terram Blacorum (1222, 1280)Tamás Kis, Magyar nyelvjárások, Volumes 18-21, Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Kossuth Lajos Tudományegyetem (University of Kossuth Lajos). Magyar Nyelvtudományi Tanszék, 1972, p. 83 [https://books.google.com/books?id=wGUg0F2FzvgC&q=olah&pg=PA82]Dennis P. Hupchick, Conflict and chaos in Eastern Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, 1995 p. 58 [https://books.google.com/books?id=ycNApODqgRUC&dq=first+appearance+romanians+transylvania&pg=PA58]István Vásáry, Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 28 [https://books.google.com/books?id=8C6P3PYaPmQC&dq=terram+blacorum+1222&pg=PA28]{{Dead link|date=October 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}Heinz Stoob, Die Mittelalterliche Städtebildung im südöstlichen Europa, Böhlau, 1977, p. 204 [https://books.google.com/books?id=wRAiAAAAMAAJ&q=1222+terram+blacorum] showed up in Fogaras and this area was mentioned under different name (Olachi) in 1285. The first appearance of a probably Romanian name 'Ola' in Hungary derives from a charter (1258).
They were a significant population in Transylvania, Banat, Maramureș and Partium (Crișana). There are different estimations in connection with number of Romanians in Kingdom of Hungary. According to a research based on place-names made by István Kniezsa, 511 villages of Transylvania and Banat appear in documents at the end of the 13th century, however only 3 of them bore Romanian names, and around 1400 AD, Transylvania and Banat consisted of 1757 villages, though only 76 (4.3%) of them had names of Romanian origin.Louis L. Lote (editor), [http://www.magtudin.org/ONE_LAND_TWO_NATIONS.pdf ONE LAND — TWO NATIONS TRANSYLVANIA AND THE THEORY OF DACO-ROMAN-RUMANIAN CONTINUITY], COMMITTEE OF TRANSYLVANIA INC. (This is a special issue of the CARPATHIAN OBSERVER Volume 8, Number 1. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number; 80-81573), 1980, p. 10 The number of Romanians started to increase significantly from the Early modern period, and by 1700 the Romanian ethnic group consisted of 40 percent of the Transylvanian population and their number raised even more in the 18th century. Although, in 1574, Pierre Lescalopier, relating his voyage from Venice to Constantinople, claimed that most of the inhabitants of Transylvania were Romanians"Tout ce pays la Wallachie et Moldavie et la plus part de la Transivanie a esté peuplé des colonie romaines du temps de Traian l'empereur...Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain ... " cited from "Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l'an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople", fol 48 in Paul Cernovodeanu, Studii si materiale de istorie medievala, IV, 1960, p. 444 and according to other estimates, the Romanian inhabitants who were primarily peasants, consisted of more than 60 percent of the population in 1600.{{cite book|title=Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe|author=White, G.W.|date=2000|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780847698097|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7TgkO8utHIC|page=129|access-date=2015-05-18}} Jean W. Sedlar estimates that Vlachs (Romanians) constituted about two-thirds of Transylvania's population in 1241 on the eve of the Mongol invasion,Sedlar, Jean W.: East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500; University of Washington Press, 1994; {{ISBN|0-295-97290-4}}, page 8 however according to Károly Kocsis and Eszter Kocsisné Hodosi the Hungarian ethnic group in Transylvania was in decent majority before Battle of Mohács and only lost its relative majority by the 17th century.Károly Kocsis, Eszter Kocsisné Hodosi, Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin, Simon Publications LLC, 1998, p. 102 (Table 19) [https://books.google.com/books?id=-zZ_NVM9mNEC&q=%281495-1910%29&pg=PA133]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} Nevertheless, Grigore Ureche in Letopisețul Țării Moldovei (1642 - 1647) noticed that in Transylvania Romanians were more numerous than Hungarians."În ţara Ardealului nu lăcuiescu numai unguri, ce şi saşi peste samă de mulţi şi români peste tot locul, de mai multu-i ţara lăţită de români decât de unguri." cited from Grigore Ureche, Letopisețul Țării Moldovei, pp. 133–134 Official censuses with information on Hungary's ethnic composition have been conducted since the 19th century.A. J. P. Taylor, The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918, 1948.{{cite web |url=http://varga.adatbank.transindex.ro/ |title=Erdély etnikai és felekezeti statisztikája |website=Varga.adatbank.transindex.ro |access-date=2017-07-10 |archive-date=2016-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619062659/http://varga.adatbank.transindex.ro/ |url-status=dead }}Erdély rövid története, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1989, 371. o. - The short history of Transylvania, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1989 Budapest p. 371.
In 1881, Romanian-majority settlements projected to the present-day territory of Hungary were: Bedő, Csengerújfalu, Kétegyháza, Körösszakál, Magyarcsanád, Méhkerék, Mezőpeterd, Pusztaottlaka and Vekerd.{{cite web|language=hu|url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/NEDA_1881_02/?pg=0&layout=s|title=Hungarian 1881 census}}
Important communities lived in the villages of Battonya, Elek, Körösszegapáti, Létavértes, Nyíradony, Pocsaj, Sarkadkeresztúr, Zsáka and in the town of Gyula.
Slovaks
The Slovak people lived mainly in Upper Hungary, northern parts of the Kingdom of Hungary. Due to post-Ottoman resettlements, the regions of Vojvodina, Banat and Békés county received bigger Slovak communities in the 18th century, which revitalized many deserted villages and towns, such as Békéscsaba, where Slovaks became the biggest ethnic group, or Nyíregyháza, where they comprised more than a third of the population in 1881. After WWII a major population exchange with Czechoslovakia was carried out: 71,787 or 73,200 Slovaks from Hungary{{Cite web|url=https://www.roy.sk/blog/ceske-mesiace-mesiace-po-cesky/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301110413/http://www.gramma.sk/en/hunginslov/history.php|url-status=dead|title=České mesiace - mesiace po česky ❤️ Roy.sk|first=Roy sk | outdoorový|last=obchod ⛰️|archivedate=March 1, 2008|website=roy.sk}}Bobák, Ján (1996). Maďarská otázka v Česko–Slovensku, 1944–1948 [Hungarian Question in Czechoslovakia] (in Slovak). Matica slovenská. ISBN 978-80-7090-354-4.Zvara, Juraj (1969). Maďarská menšina na Slovensku po roku 1945 [Hungarian minority in Slovakia after 1945] (in Slovak). Bratislava: Epocha, t. Pravda. were transferred to Slovakia – the exact number depends on source consulted – were resettled in South Slovakia in exchange for, according to different estimations, 45,000Kaplan, Karel (1987). The short march: the Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia, 1945–1948. C.Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-0-905838-96-0.Šutaj, Štefan (2005). Nútené presídlenie Maďarov zo Slovenska do Čiech [Deportation of population of Hungarian nationality out of Slovakia to Bohemia after the World War II] (in Slovak). Prešov: Universum. ISBN 978-80-89046-29-4. or 120,000Károly Kocsis, Eszter Kocsisné Hodosi, Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin, Simon Publications LLC, 1998, p. 23 [https://books.google.com/books?id=-zZ_NVM9mNEC&q=120%2C500]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}Pertti Ahonen, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RS_HJEFzaVsC&dq=120,+000+Hungarian+from+Czechoslovakia&pg=PA83 People on the move: forced population movements in Europe in the Second World War and its aftermath], Berg Publishers, 2008, p. 83 Hungarians.
Serbs{{See also|Great Migrations of the Serbs}}
From the 14th century, escaping from the Ottoman threat, a large number of Serbs migrated to the Hungarian Kingdom. After the Battle of Mohács, most of the territory of Hungary got into Ottoman rule. In that time, especially in the 17th century, many Serb, and other Southern Slavic immigrants settled in Hungary. Most of the Ottoman soldiers in the territory of present-day Hungary were South Slavs (the Janissary). After the Turkish withdrawal, Kingdom of Hungary came under Habsburg rule, a new wave of Serb refugees migrated to the area around 1690, as a consequence of the Habsburg-Ottoman war. In the first half of the 18th century, Serbs and South Slavs were ethnic majority in several cities in Hungary.
Germans
Three waves of German migration can be distinguished in Hungary before the 20th century. The first two waves settled in Upper Hungary and in Southern Transylvania (Transylvanian Saxons), with the first being in the 11th century and the second in the 13th century.
The third, largest wave of German-speaking immigrants into Hungary occurred after the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from Hungarian territory, after the Treaty of Karlowitz. Between 1711 and 1780, German-speaking settlers immigrated to the regions of Southern Hungary, mostly region of Bánát, Bács-Bodrog, Baranya and Tolna counties (as well as into present-day Romania and Yugoslavia), which had been depopulated by the Ottoman wars. At the end of the 18th century, the Kingdom of Hungary contained over one million German-speaking residents (collectively known as Danube Swabians).{{cite web|url=http://feefhs.org/BANAT/BHISTORY.HTML |title=History of German Settlements in Southern Hungary |author=Sue Clarkson |publisher=Feefhs.org |access-date=2009-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970204103909/http://www.feefhs.org/banat/bhistory.html |archive-date=1997-02-04 }} In 2011, 131,951 people declared to be German in Hungary (1,6%).[http://www.nepszamlalas2001.hu/eng/volumes/18/tables/load1_30_1.html "18. Demographic data" – Hungarian Central Statistical Office] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519001208/http://www.nepszamlalas2001.hu/eng/volumes/18/tables/load1_30_1.html |date=May 19, 2012 }}
Rusyns
Rusyns had lived mostly in Carpathian Ruthenia, Northeast Hungary, however significant Rusyn population appeared in Vojvodina from the 18th century.
Croats
Croatia was in personal union with Hungary from 1102. Croat communities were spread mostly in the western and southern part of the country and along the Danube, including Budapest.
Poles
The Poles lived at the northern borders of Kingdom of Hungary from the arrival of the Hungarians.
Slovenes
The Slovenes (Vendek in Hungarian) lived in the western part of the Carpathian basin before the Hungarian conquest. In the 11th and 12th century, the current linguistic and ethnic border between the Hungarian and Slovene people was established. Nowadays, they live in Vendvidék (Slovenska krajina in Slovenians) between the Mura and the Rába rivers. In 2001, there were around 5,000 Slovenes in Hungary.
Jews
The first historical document about Jews of Hungary is the letter written about 960 to King Joseph of the Khazars by Hasdai ibn Shaprut, the Jewish statesman of Córdoba, in which he says Jews living in "the country of Hungarin". There are Jewish inscriptions on tombs and monuments in Pannonia (Roman Hungary) dated to the second or third century CE.{{cite book|last1=Patai|first1=Raphael|title=The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology|date=1996|publisher=Wayne State University Press|page=21|edition=2015}}
Armenians{{See also|Armenians in Hungary}}
The first Armenians came to Hungary from the Balkans in the 10 - 11th century.
Greeks
Greeks migrated to Kingdom of Hungary from the 15th and 16th centuries. Mass migrations did not occur until the 17th century,{{cite web |url=http://www2.fhw.gr/projects/migration/15-19/gr/v2/central_europe.html |title=Oi ellinikes paroikies tis Kentrikis Evropis |access-date=2007-02-18 |work=Greek Migration to Europe (15th-19th c.) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502074726/http://www2.fhw.gr/projects/migration/15-19/gr/v2/central_europe.html |archive-date=2007-05-02 }} the largest waves being in 1718 and 1760–1770;{{cite web |url=http://www2.fhw.gr/projects/migration/15-19/gr/v2/mayar.html |title=Oi ellinikes paroikies stin Ungaria |access-date=2007-02-18 |work=Greek Migration to Europe (15th-19th c.) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502074707/http://www2.fhw.gr/projects/migration/15-19/gr/v2/mayar.html |archive-date=2007-05-02 }} they were primarily connected to the economic conditions of the period. It is estimated that 10,000 Greeks emigrated to Hungary in the second half of the 18th century. A number of Greeks Communists escaped to Hungary
after the Greek Civil War, notably in the 'Greek' village of Beloiannisz.
Bulgarians{{See also|Bulgarians in Hungary}}
The town of Szentendre and the surrounding villages were inhabited by Bulgarians since the Middle Ages. However, present day Bulgarians are largely descended from gardeners who migrated to Hungary from the 18th century.
Religion
| class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:right; margin:1em 1.5em 0 0;"
|+ Religious affiliation in Hungary (2022){{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/docs/tablak/teruleti/00/00_1_1_7_1.xls |title=Demographic data – Hungarian Central Statistical Office |publisher=Nepszamlalas.hu/KSH |access-date=2013-07-18}} ! Denominations !! Population !! % of total | ||
| style="text-align:left;"| Catholicism | 2,886,619 | 30 |
| style="text-align:right;"| Roman Catholics | 2,643,855 | 28.3 |
| style="text-align:right;"| Greek Catholics | 165,135 | 1.7 |
| style="text-align:left;"| Protestantism | 1,120,485 | 11.6 |
| style="text-align:right;"| Calvinists | 943,982 | 9.8 |
| style="text-align:right;"| Lutherans | 176,503 | 1.8 |
| style="text-align:left;" | Orthodox Christianity | 15,578 | 0.2 |
| style="text-align:left;" | Judaism | 7,635 | 0.1 |
| style="text-align:left;" | Other religions | 171,174 | 1.8 |
| style="text-align:left;" | Total religions | 4,201,491 | 43.7 |
| style="text-align:left;" | No religion | 1,549,610 | 16.2 |
| style="text-align:left;" | Did not wish to answer | 3,852,533 | 40.1 |
| style="text-align:left;" | total | 9,603,634 | 100.00 |
{{Main|History of Christianity in Hungary}}
{{See also|Religion in Hungary}}
The majority of Hungarians became Christian in the 11th century. Hungary remained predominantly Catholic until the 16th century, when the Reformation led to the first Lutherans, and later Calvinists, which were embraced by nearly the entire Hungarian population at the time.
In the second half of the 16th century, Jesuits led a successful campaign of counterreformation among the Hungarians, although Protestantism survived as the faith of a significant minority, especially in the far east and northeast of the country. Orthodox Christianity in Hungary has been the religion mainly of some national minorities in the country, notably Romanians, Rusyns, Ukrainians, and Serbs.
Faith Church, one of Europe's largest Pentecostal churches, is also located in Hungary. Hungary has historically been home to a significant Jewish community.
File:Hungary 2011 Religion.png
According to 2011 census data, Christianity is the largest religion in Hungary, with around 5.2 million adherents (52.9%),{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_orsz_2011.pdf |title=2011 Hungary Census Report |publisher=ksh.hu|access-date=2015-05-18}} while the largest denomination in Hungary is the Catholic Church (38.9% — Latin Church 37.1%; Hungarian Greek Catholic Church 1.8%).{{cite web|url=http://www.nepszamlalas.hu/eng/volumes/18/tables/load1_26.html |title=Population by religions, 2001 census (English) |publisher=nepszamlalas.hu |access-date=2015-05-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511123209/http://www.nepszamlalas.hu/eng/volumes/18/tables/load1_26.html |archive-date=2011-05-11 }} There is a significant Calvinist minority (11.6% of the population) and smaller Lutheran (2.2%), Orthodox (0.1%) and Jewish (0.1%) minorities. However, these census figures are representative of religious affiliation rather than attendance; around 12% of Hungarians attend religious services more than least once a week and around 50% more than once a year, while 30% of Hungarians do not believe in God at all.{{cite web|url=http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org |title= World Values Survey |publisher=worldvaluessurvey.org|access-date=2015-05-18}} The census showed a large drop of religious adherents who wish to answer, from 74.6% to 54.7% in ten years' time, replacing them by people either who do not wish to answer or people who are not following a religion.
Immigration
=Hungary migration data, 2001-present=
| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Foreign Immigrants !! Foreign Emigrants !! Net Migration (Foreigners) !! Hungarian Returning Citizens !! Hungarian Emigrants !! Net Migration (Hungarians) !! Total Net Migration | |||||||
| 2001 | 20,308 | 1,944 | 18,364 | - | - | - | |
| 2002 | 17,972 | 2,388 | 15,584 | - | - | - | |
| 2003 | 19,365 | 2,553 | 16,812 | - | - | - | |
| 2004 | 22,164 | 3,466 | 18,698 | - | - | - | |
| 2005 | 25,582 | 3,320 | 22,262 | - | - | - | |
| 2006 | 23,569 | 3,956 | 19,613 | - | - | - | |
| 2007 | 22,607 | 4,133 | 18,474 | - | - | - | |
| 2008 | 35,547 | 4,241 | 31,306 | - | - | - | |
| 2009 | 25,582 | 5,600 | 19,982 | - | - | - | |
| 2010 | 23,884 | 6,047 | 17,837 | 1,575 | 7,318 | -5,743 | 12,094 |
| 2011 | 22,514 | 2,687 | 19,827 | 2,443 | 12,413 | -9,970 | 9,857 |
| 2012 | 20,340 | 9,916 | 10,424 | 4,194 | 12,964 | -8,770 | 1,654 |
| 2013 | 21,250 | 13,111 | 8,139 | 9,354 | 21,580 | -12,226 | -4,087 |
| 2014 | 26,004 | 10,828 | 15,176 | 11,356 | 31,385 | -20,029 | -4,853 |
| 2015 | 25,787 | 10,373 | 15,414 | 14,810 | 32,852 | -18,042 | -2,628 |
| 2016 | 23,803 | 10,464 | 13,339 | 16,215 | 29,425 | -13,210 | 129 |
| 2017 | 36,453 | 12,872 | 23,581 | 20,906 | 26,957 | -6,051 | 17,530 |
| 2018 | 49,312 | 24,370 | 24,942 | 23,401 | 23,808 | -407 | 24,535 |
| 2019 | 55,297 | 27,895 | 27,402 | 23,172 | 21,900 | 1,272 | 28,674 |
| 2020 | 43,785 | 48,042 | -4,257 | 23,104 | 19,322 | 3,782 | -475 |
| 2021 | 49,069 | 46,269 | 2,800 | 22,583 | 21,730 | 853 | 3,653 |
| 2022 | 55,514 | 29,583 | 25,931 | 24,147 | 28,825 | -4,678 | 21,253 |
| 2023 | 61,347 | 35,633 | 25,714 | 23,866 | 35,736 | -11,870 | 13,844 |
| 2024 | 49,300 | 43,000 | 6,300 | 28,900 | 41,300 | -12,400 | -6,100 |
=Foreign citizenship population=
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Number of foreign citizens residing in Hungary on January 1: ! Country !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 !2023 !! 2024 !! 2025 | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag icon|Germany}} Germany
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 18,627}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 17,879}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 16,537}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 18,344}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 17,490}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 19,747}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 22,310}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 23,295}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 25,400}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|China}} China
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 19,111}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 19,905}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 18,851}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 19,655}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 18,558}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 17,685}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 18,192}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 21,165}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 24,350}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|Ukraine}} Ukraine
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 5,774}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 10,503}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 24,197}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 30,316}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 27,380}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 30,707}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 36,017}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 27,388}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 20,450}} | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag icon|Slovakia}} Slovakia
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 9,519}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 9,652}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 9,563}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 10,582}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 14,677}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 16,040}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 16,744}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 16,899}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 17,150}} | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag icon|Romania}} Romania
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 24,040}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 22,747}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 21,017}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 22,162}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 18,220}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 16,601}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 16,542}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 15,750}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 15,600}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|Vietnam}} Vietnam
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,256}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,698}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,669}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 5,719}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 6,719}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 6,376}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 7,150}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|Russia}} Russia
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,902}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,790}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 5,088}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 5,264}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 5,035}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,980}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 6,193}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 7,833}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 7,850}} | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag icon|Austria}} Austria
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,021}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,743}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,142}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,318}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,132}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,637}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,922}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 5,027}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 5,200}} | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag icon|Italy}} Italy
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,353}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,576}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,635}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,038}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,662}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,717}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,881}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|Serbia}} Serbia
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,312}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,356}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 5,342}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 4,989}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,471}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,518}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,988}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,852}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,250}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|Turkey}} Turkey
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,063}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,327}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,785}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,233}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,217}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,461}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,917}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|UK}} United Kingdom
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,081}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,190}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,105}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,540}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,373}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,323}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,392}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag icon|Netherlands}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,814}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,877}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,834}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,158}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,065}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,299}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,652}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|United States}} United States
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,198}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,373}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,387}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,501}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,977}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,051}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,069}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,080}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 3,150}} | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag icon|France}} France
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,523}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,633}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,593}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,833}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,602}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,754}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,933}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|Mongolia}} Mongolia
| style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 838}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 917}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 1,470}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 1,834}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 1,845}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 1,854}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,692}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | |||||||||
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag icon|Poland}} Poland
| style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 2,061}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 1,928}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 1,960}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 2,145}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 2,017}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 2,038}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,063}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,077}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 2,100}} | |||||||||
| {{Flag icon|Syria}} Syria
| style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 1,519}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 1,987}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 2,139}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 2,195}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 2,277}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{nts| 1,889}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| 1,941}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | style="text-align:right;"| {{nts| -}} | |||||||||
| Total | 151,132 | 161,809 | 180,773 | 199,957 | 194,491 | 202,525 | 226,267 | 250,912 | 255,450 |
| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|+ Foreign citizenship population by continent ! scope="col" | Continent ! scope="col" | 2017 ! scope="col" | % of total ! scope="col" | 2018 ! scope="col" | % of total ! scope="col" | 2019 ! scope="col" | % of total ! scope="col" | 2020 ! scope="col" | % of total ! scope="col" | 2021 ! scope="col" | % of total ! scope="col" | 2022 ! scope="col" | % of total ! scope="col" | 2023 ! scope="col" | % of total | ||||||||||||||
| Europe | 99,194 | 65.63 | 104,254 | 64.43 | 117,552 | 65.03 | 131,291 | 65.66 | 124,422 | 63.97 | 131,431 | 64.90 | 144,102 | 63.60 |
| Asia | 39,937 | 26.42 | 44,692 | 27.62 | 49,056 | 27.14 | 53,099 | 26.56 | 54,730 | 28.14 | 55,000 | 27.16 | 64,945 | 28.7 |
| America | 5,397 | 3.57 | 5,891 | 3.64 | 6,850 | 3.79 | 7,631 | 3.82 | 6,933 | 3.56 | 7,454 | 3.68 | 7,591 | 3.35 |
| Africa | 5,985 | 3.96 | 6,334 | 3.91 | 6,660 | 3.68 | 7,278 | 3.64 | 7,748 | 3.98 | 8,028 | 3.96 | 7,741 | 3.00 |
| Other and unknown | 619 | 0.41 | 638 | 0.39 | 655 | 0.36 | 658 | 0.33 | 658 | 0.34 | 612 | 0.30 | 588 | 0.26 |
Largest cities
{{main list|List of cities and towns of Hungary}}
| class="wikitable sortable" | ||||||
| Name
!Population (1949) !Population (1990) !Population (2011) !Population (2022) !Agglomeration !Status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25px Budapest | 1,590,316 | 2,016,681 | 1,729,040 | 1,682,426{{decrease}} | 3,310,786 (2022) | Capital city |
| 20px Debrecen | 115,399 | 212,235 | 211,320 | 199,520{{decrease}} | 281,432 (2022) | Regional centre, county seat, urban county |
| 20px Szeged | 104,867 | 169,930 | 168,048 | 158,022{{decrease}} | 197,245 (2022) | Regional centre, county seat, urban county |
| 20px Miskolc | 109,841 | 196,442 | 167,754 | 145,735{{decrease}} | 231,034 (2022) | Regional centre, county seat, urban county |
| 20px Pécs | 89,470 | 170,039 | 156,049 | 139,647{{decrease}} | 181,342 (2022) | Regional centre, county seat, urban county |
| 20px Győr | 69,583 | 129,331 | 129,527 | 128,050{{decrease}} | 275,574 (2022) | Regional centre, county seat, urban county |
| 20px Nyíregyháza | 56,334 | 114,152 | 119,746 | 116,439{{decrease}} | 175,211 (2022) | County seat, urban county |
| 20px Kecskemét | 61,730 | 102,516 | 111,411 | 108,334{{decrease}} | 180,023 (2022) | County seat, urban county |
| 20px Székesfehérvár | 42,260 | 108,958 | 100,570 | 94,906{{decrease}}| | ||
| |Regional centre, county seat, urban county |
See also
Notes
{{reflist|group=fn|refs=
}}
{{Reflist|group="Note"}}
Sources
- {{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=A.J.P. |title=The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918 – A History of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |year=1948 |location=London}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://portal.ksh.hu/pls/ksh/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_hosszu/h_wdsd001a.html?411 KSH, vital statistics, 1960-2012]
- [http://portal.ksh.hu/portal/page?_pageid=38,119919&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL Hungarian Central Statistical Office (in English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409161607/http://portal.ksh.hu/portal/page?_pageid=38,119919&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |date=2010-04-09 }}
{{Commons category}}
{{Hungary articles}}
{{Demographics of Europe}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Hungary}}