do-baytī
{{Short description|Ancient form of Persian poetry}}
Do-bayti ({{langx|fa|دوبیتی}}) (literally "two-couplet"), also known as fahlaviyat, is an ancient form of Persian poetry. It is used to describe a Persian quatrain (a stanza or poem of four lines), similar to Ruba'i but different in meter.Blum (1995).
A do-bayti has four half-lines of 11 syllables each, and usually uses the hazaj meter:
:| u – – – | u – – – | u – – |
The first two syllables may sometimes be replaced by – u or – –.Maling, J.M. (1973). [https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/12989 The Theory of Classical Arabic Metrics]. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. PhD Thesis, p. 128.
The rhyme scheme is a a a a or a a b a.
When sung to a traditional melody, the first two lines are sung continuously in one 22-syllable phrase, and the 3rd and 4th lines in another, a little lower in pitch.Blum (1995). (See External links below.)
An example from Baba Taher
A well-known writer of do-bayti poems is the 11th-century Baba Taher-e Oryan of Hamadan, who wrote in the Hamadani dialect (which, however, is very close to standard Persian).Browne, E.G. (1902). A Literary History of Persia, vol. 1, p. 83. An example of one of his poems (converted to standard Persian) is the following:Ganjoor, Baba Taher, dobeyti no. 18. (See External links).
:{{lang|fa|rtl=yes|درازی دو زلفانت مرا کشت}} * {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|سیاهی دو چشمانت مرا کشت}}
:{{lang|fa|rtl=yes|خم ابرو و مژگانت مرا کشت}} * {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|به قتلم حاجت تیر و کمان نیست}}
:{{lang|fa-Latn|siyāhī-yē do čašmān-at ma-rā košt}}
:{{lang|fa-Latn|derāzī-yē do zolfān-at ma-rā košt}}
:{{lang|fa-Latn|be qatl-am hājat-ē tīr ō kamān nīst}}
:{{lang|fa-Latn|xam-ē 'abrū vo možgān-at ma-rā košt}}
:"The blackness of your two eyes has killed me!
:The longness of your two locks has killed me!
:You have no need of arrows and a bow to despatch me
:The curve of your eyebrow and eyelashes has killed me!"For the homoerotic military imagery cf. [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/homosexuality-iii "Homosexuality iii. in Persian Literature"] (Encyclopaedia Iranica)
For another example, see the article Persian metres#Do-bayti.
References
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Further reading
- Blum, Stephen (1995, updated 2011). [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/do-bayti Do-bayti]. Encyclopaedia Iranica online.
External links
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4KXoeyubXk Do-bayti sung in a traditional way] (unaccompanied)
- [https://ganjoor.net/babataher/2beytiha/ Do-bayti poems of Baba Taher] (Persian text)
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbWs8shOrv8 Do-bayti poems of Baba Taher] recited
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