dord

{{Short description|Ghost word created as a dictionary error}}

{{About|a lexicographic error||Dord (disambiguation)}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}

The word dord is a dictionary error in lexicography. It was accidentally created, as a ghost word, by the staff of G. and C. Merriam Company (now part of Merriam-Webster) in the New International Dictionary, second edition (1934). That dictionary defined the term as a synonym for density used in physics and chemistry in the following way:{{cite magazine| url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/brief-history-dord-180962266/ | title=As "Dord" Shows, Being in the Dictionary Doesn't Always Mean Something's a Word | first= Kat|last= Eschner | date=28 February 2017 | magazine=Smithsonian | access-date=17 March 2017}}

dord (dôrd), n. Physics & Chem. Density.{{Cite web |title=Dord: The Word That Didn't Exist |last=Mikkelson |first=David |work=Snopes.com |date=4 January 2015 |access-date=6 March 2019 |url= https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/ghost-word/ }}

Philip Babcock Gove, an editor at Merriam-Webster who became editor-in-chief of Webster's Third New International Dictionary, wrote a letter to the journal American Speech, fifteen years after the error was caught, in which he explained how the "dord" error was introduced and corrected.{{cite journal| first= Philip Babcock|last= Gove| author-link= Philip Babcock Gove| title= The History of 'Dord'| journal= American Speech | volume= 29 |year= 1954|issue= 2| pages= 136–138|doi= 10.2307/453337|jstor= 453337}}

On 31 July 1931, Austin M. Patterson, the dictionary's chemistry editor, sent in a slip reading "D or d, cont./density." This was intended to add "density" to the existing list of words that the letter "D" can abbreviate. The phrase "D or d" was misinterpreted as a single, {{nowrap|run-together}} word: Dord. This was a plausible mistake because headwords on slips were typed with spaces between the letters, so "D or d" looked very much like "D o r d". The original slip went missing, so a new slip was prepared for the printer, which assigned a part of speech (noun) and a pronunciation. The would-be word was not questioned or corrected by proofreaders. The entry appeared on page 771 of the dictionary around 1934, between the entries for Dorcopsis (a type of small kangaroo) and doré (golden in color).

On 28 February 1939, an editor noticed "dord" lacked an etymology and investigated, discovering the error. An order was sent to the printer marked "plate change/imperative/urgent". The non-word "dord" was excised; "density" was added as an additional meaning for the abbreviation "D or d" as originally intended,{{cite web | url=http://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/erroneous-word-dord-is-discovered-in-dictionary/ | title=Erroneous word "Dord" is discovered in dictionary | publisher=History Channel | access-date=17 March 2017 | archive-date=18 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318102122/http://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/erroneous-word-dord-is-discovered-in-dictionary/ | url-status=dead }} and the definition of the adjacent entry "Doré furnace" was expanded from "A furnace for refining Doré bullion" to "a furnace in which Doré bullion is refined" to close up the space. Gove wrote that this was "probably too bad, for why shouldn't dord mean 'density'?" In 1940, bound books began appearing without the ghost word, although inspection of printed copies well into the 1940s shows "dord" still present.{{cite encyclopedia| editor-first= William Allan| editor-last= Neilson| collaboration= yes| title= dord| encyclopedia= Webster's New International Dictionary| edition= Second| publisher= G. & C. Merriam Company| year= 1943}} The entry "dord" was not completely removed until 1947.{{cite web |last=Brewster |first=Emily |title=Ask the Editor: Ghost Word |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/video/ghost-word |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815125341/https://www.merriam-webster.com/video/ghost-word |archive-date=15 August 2024 |access-date=15 August 2024 |website=Merriam-Webster}}