drinking fountains in Philadelphia
{{short description|Public drinking fountains in the U.S. city of Philadelphia}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}}
File:Perkins Fountains in Philadelphia 1874.jpg. Counter-clockwise from top: First Fountain; Tyler Memorial Fountain; Washington Square Fountain; Lemon Hill Spring; Goldfish Pond Fountain; Peace Fountain; Rittenhouse Square Fountain; Mercury Fountain. Center: Mott's Cast Iron Fountain (Horticultural Center)]]
Public drinking fountains in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, have been built and used since the 19th century. Various reform-minded organizations in the city supported public drinking fountains as street furniture for different but overlapping reasons. One was the general promotion of public health, in an era of poor water and typhoid fever.{{cite web|last1=Peitzman|first1=Steven J.|date=2016|title=Typhoid Fever and Filtered Water|url=https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/typhoid-fever-and-filtered-water/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527011854/https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/typhoid-fever-and-filtered-water/|archive-date=May 27, 2020|access-date=25 September 2020|website=Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia}} Leaders of the temperance movement such as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union saw free, clean water as a crucial alternative to beer. Emerging animal welfare organizations, notably the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, wanted to provide water to the dogs and working horses of the city on humanitarian grounds, which is why Philadelphia's drinking fountains of the era often include curb-level troughs that animals could reach.
History
=Background=
File:'Fourth_of_July_in_Center_Square'_by_John_Lewis_Krimmel.JPG ({{circa}}1812) by John Lewis Krimmel. William Rush's Water Nymph and Bittern (1809) is at center.]]
Philadelphia suffered multiple yellow fever epidemics in the 1790s. The Philadelphia Watering Committee, formally the Joint Committee on Bringing Water to the City, was founded in 1797–98 with the mission of constructing a public water system to combat the disease.{{Sfn|Smith|2013|pp=14, 67}} Scottish-born architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, famous for being the architect of the United States Capitol building, designed the Philadelphia system in which an underground brick aqueduct carried drinking water from the Schuylkill River to Centre Square, now the site of Philadelphia City Hall. There, twin steam pumps propelled the water into a tank in the tower of the pumping house, from which gravity distributed it throughout the city via wooden water mains (cored logs). Completed in January 1801, this was the first citywide gravity-fed public water system in the United States.{{Cite book|last1=Kyriakodis|first1=Harry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EAiFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|title=Underground Philadelphia: From Caves and Canals to Tunnels and Transit|last2=Spivak|first2=Joel|date=2019-02-11|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1-4396-6614-2|page=30|language=en|access-date=September 25, 2020|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033756/https://books.google.com/books?id=EAiFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}[http://schillerinstitute.org/educ/hist/eiw_this_week/v4n3_jan20_1801.html "Benjamin Latrobe Designs the first American Steam-Powered Municipal Waterworks,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134216/https://archive.schillerinstitute.com/educ/hist/eiw_this_week/v4n3_jan20_1801.html |date=September 25, 2020 }} from This Week in History, January 2012, The Schiller Institute.
Latrobe's chief draftsman, Frederick Graff, designed a T-shaped wooden fire hydrant in 1802, that featured "a drinking fountain on one side and a 4-1/2-inch water main on the other." The hydrants were installed along every major street of the city.Robert E. Booth, Jr. and Katharine Booth, "Folk Art on Fire," catalogue essay, The Philadelphia Antiques Show (2004), p. 89.
Latrobe's Greek Revival pumping house and the gardens surrounding it became a major attraction.{{Cite book|last=Albert|first=Richard C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjAL60xFNn8C&pg=PA11|title=Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam|date=2010-11-01|publisher=Penn State University Press|isbn=978-0-271-04663-1|page=11|language=en|access-date=September 25, 2020|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033756/https://books.google.com/books?id=cjAL60xFNn8C&pg=PA11|url-status=live}} Graff was promoted to manager of the Water Works in 1805, and designed the fountain for Centre Square.Joseph Jackson, Market Street, Philadelphia: The Most Historic Highway in America (Philadelphia: The Public Ledger Company, 1918), pp. 176-177. The Watering Committee commissioned sculptor William Rush to create a statue, Allegory of the Schuylkill River, to be its centerpiece.[http://www.pafa.org/museum/The-Collection-Greenfield-American-Art-Resource/Tour-the-Collection/Category/Collection-Detail/985/coltype--Sculpture/mkey--8434/sort57--3_3a30-/ Head of the Nymph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024154931/http://www.pafa.org/museum/The-Collection-Greenfield-American-Art-Resource/Tour-the-Collection/Category/Collection-Detail/985/coltype--Sculpture/mkey--8434/sort57--3_3a30-/ |date=October 24, 2014 }}, from Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Better known as Water Nymph with Bittern, it was carved from pine and painted white (in imitation of marble). The first public fountain in Philadelphia was unveiled in August 1809.Poulson's American Daily Advertiser, August 28, 1809.
=Drinking fountains=
The idea of purpose-built drinking fountains was relatively novel. The first public drinking fountains in England appeared in Liverpool in 1854, through the efforts of Charles Pierre Melly, and that city had 43 in total by 1858.{{cite web |last1=Neill |first1=Patrick |title=The Drinking Fountains of Charles Pierre Melly |url=http://www.liverpoolmonuments.co.uk/drinking/mellycharles02.html |website=Liverpool Monuments |access-date=25 September 2020 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505114018/http://liverpoolmonuments.co.uk/drinking/mellycharles02.html |url-status=live }} The first in London was a granite basin attached to the gates of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, funded by Samuel Gurney and his Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association in 1859.{{Cite journal|last=Malchow|first=Howard|date=November 1978|title=Free Water: the Public Drinking Fountain Movement and Victorian London|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/ldn.1978.4.2.181|journal=The London Journal|language=en|volume=4|issue=2|page=184|doi=10.1179/ldn.1978.4.2.181|pmid=11614886|issn=0305-8034|access-date=September 24, 2020|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033757/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/ldn.1978.4.2.181|url-status=live}}
File:First Public Fountain Fairmount Park (1904).jpg
A spring-fed public drinking fountain was erected in 1854, along the Wissahickon Creek opposite Chestnut Hill.{{Cite book|last=Archambault|first=Anna Margaretta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMBxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA105|title=A Guide Book of Art, Architecture, and Historic Interests in Pennsylvania|date=1924|publisher=John C. Winston Company|page=105|isbn=978-0-271-04682-2|language=en|access-date=September 25, 2020|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033757/https://books.google.com/books?id=BMBxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA105|url-status=live}} It was described in 1884 as:
The first fountain, so called, stands upon the side of the road on the west side of the Wissahickon ... It is claimed that this is the first drinking fountain erected in the county of Philadelphia outside of the Fairmount Water-Works. A clear, cold, mountain spring is carried by a spout, covered with a lion's head, from a niche in a granite front, with pilasters and pediment into a marble basin. The construction bears the date 1854 ... Upon a slab above the niche are cut the words "Pro bono publico"; beneath the basin these, "Esto perpetua".{{sfn|Scharf|Westcott|1884|p=1868}}
In the 1860s, philanthropic groups and governments across the United States began to fund the building of water fountains, including the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in 1867 (in Union Square in New York City), and the Philadelphia Fountain Society beginning in April 1869.{{Cite book|last=McShane|first=Clay|title=The horse in the city: living machines in the nineteenth century|date=2007|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|others=Tarr, Joel A. (Joel Arthur), 1934–|isbn=978-1-4356-9264-0|location=Baltimore|page=144|oclc=503446031}} New fountains in Philadelphia proved immediately successful. They quickly proved their "utility and absolute necessity;" by September 1869 the Fountain Society had constructed 12, and the Pennsylvania branch of the ASPCA (PSPCA) had built another 5.{{cite news|date=9 September 1869|title=Letter from Philadelphia|work=Tunkhannock Republican|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59882172/tunkhannock-republican/|url-status=live|access-date=23 September 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033818/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59882172/tunkhannock-republican/}} As of 1880, the Philadelphia Fountain Society recorded 50 fountains serving approximately 3 million people and 1 million horses and other animals. Reformers continued installing such fountains throughout Philadelphia into the 1940s. Many remain.
In 2015, Philly Voice reported on plans to re-establish a system of public drinking fountains in the city.{{Cite web|last=Burnley|first=Malcolm|date=2015-08-12|title=Public Drinking Fountains Are All But Extinct — Here's Why Philly Wants to Bring Them Back|url=https://www.phillymag.com/citified/2015/08/12/public-drinking-fountains/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703180808/http://www.phillymag.com/citified/2015/08/12/public-drinking-fountains/|archive-date=July 3, 2017|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Philadelphia|language=en-US}}
Sponsors
= Philadelphia Fountain Society =
File:Fountain on Walnut Street-Rittenhouse Square (Philadelphia).png (1872), 19th & Walnut Streets]]
The earliest and most prolific fountain-building organization was the Philadelphia Fountain Society, headed by medical doctor and art collector Wilson Cary Swann (1806{{En dash}}1876) and formally incorporated on April 21, 1869,{{Sfn|Fairmount Park Art Association|1974|p=232}} with the stated mission of developing water fountains and water troughs for Philadelphia.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jlZnSPC4_0C&q=philadelphia+fountain+society&pg=PA41|title=Philadelphia and Its Environs: Illustrated|date=1876|publisher=J.B. Lippincott & Company|page=41|language=en}}{{Sfn|Fairmount Park Art Association|1974|p=231–232}} "[O]ur object", wrote Swann, "is the erection and maintenance in this city of public drinking fountains for the health and refreshment of the people of Philadelphia and the benefit of dumb animals".
The society hoped that water fountains would directly improve quality-of-life for workers and working animals in the city, and indirectly promote temperance;{{cite news|date=1869-11-18|title=The Drinking Fountain Society|page=3|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=20412999|url-status=live|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=September 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134206/https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=20412999}}{{Cite book|last=Double|first=Bill|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avBm3VvQlEgC&pg=PA52|title=Philadelphia's Washington Square|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7385-6550-7|page=52|language=en|access-date=September 25, 2020|archive-date=September 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134248/https://books.google.com/books?id=avBm3VvQlEgC&pg=PA52|url-status=live}} Swann felt that "the lack of water for workers and animals led to intemperance and crime", and that drinking fountains positioned around the city would help "workers quench their thirst in public instead of entering local taverns".{{Cite book|last=Gasparini|first=Daria A.|url=https://archive.org/details/celebrationofmor00gasp|title=A celebration of moral force: the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America centennial fountain|date=2002|others=University of Pennsylvania Libraries|page=10}} Some of Swann's arguments may have been derived from the like-minded London Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association, established in 1859.
The fountains themselves were intended to be more functional than decorative, although many of them incorporate work by significant architects and sculptors. The society reached out to Philadelphians, advertising $5 for an annual membership, or $150 for a lifetime membership.
The society's first fountain went up in April 1869, adjacent to Washington Square, at 7th and Walnut Streets.{{Cite news|date=1897-06-27|title=The Newfoundland's Bath|page=27|newspaper=The Washington Post|id=ProQuest document ID 143855416}} A cast iron eagle perched on top, and below the plaque were two troughs, one for horses, one for dogs.{{cite web |title=Drinking fountain, Washington Square. [graphic]. |url=https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/digitool%3A101516 |website=Library Company of Philadelphia |access-date=24 September 2020 |archive-date=September 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134216/https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/digitool%3A101516 |url-status=live }} (It was relocated to the south side of the square in 1916.) That same year, work began on two fountains for the 500 block of Chestnut Street, in front of Independence Hall. Prominent citizens such as John Wanamaker and Anthony Joseph Drexel provided funding to the society, and by July there were five operational fountains. Two years later, forty three fountains were managed by the society. The society installed three fountains on Rittenhouse Square, the first outside the iron fence at the square's northwest corner; the others within the iron fence at its northeast and southeast corners. Persistent flooding around the fountains created a nuisance, and the society removed them by 1884.{{efn|The first improvement was an iron fountain, tall, grotesque, and fanciful, which, by the permission of Councils, was put up by a lady near the entrance-gate at Walnut and Rittenhouse [19th] Streets. It was followed by the construction of a similar fountain near the gate at Eighteenth and Walnut Streets, the gift of a gentleman, and another of similar style was put up near the gate at Eighteenth and Locust Streets. As they dampened the ground, the fountains became unpopular, and were removed by orders of the Councils. — Scharf & Westcott, 1884, p. 1850}}
Swann handled a large portion of the society's work, and by 1874 it had erected 73 fountains.{{Cite news|title=Obituary: Wilson C. Swann, M.D.|newspaper= The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=March 22, 1876|page=2|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} On April 17, 1874, Adelaide Neilson performed a concert to benefit the society at the Academy of Music.{{Cite book|last=Norwood|first=Janice|title=Victorian touring actresses: crossing boundaries and negotiating the cultural landscape|isbn=1-5261-3333-4|edition=1st|location=Manchester|page=151|oclc=1180197100}}
The society had challenges. While rapidly constructing new fountains, it struggled to fund ongoing maintenance. In the 1870s, the city budgeted some money for upkeep, but that practice was ended by 1880. The city was hard on its drinking fountains. That first fountain at 7th and Walnut, which was "at all times surrounded by a thirsty crowd" as of 1896, had its iron eagle "blown over" to land on a boy and break his arm, resulting in civil damages, then its fortified replacement eagle was squarely broken off by a tree branch.
The destruction of fountains by boys and men with vandalistic tendencies, has to be constantly watched for and guarded against. Truck drivers and dragmen with heavy wagons also, by their carelessness, damage the fountains, and it is no uncommon thing for a fountain to be entirely knocked over by the pole of a brewery wagon ... the majority of the fountains ... erected now-a-days, are built low down, below the range of a wagon pole.
Swann died in 1876. By 1892, the number of fountains managed by the society had declined to 60. That year, Swann's wife died and left $80,000 to the society, as well as $25,000 for the construction of a fountain in his memory.{{Cite news|date=1892-10-09|title=Our Drinking Fountains|page=17|work=The Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59821518/our-drinking-fountains/|access-date=2020-09-23|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=September 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134221/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59821518/our-drinking-fountains/|url-status=live}} By 1910, the number of horses in Philadelphia was decreasing as automobiles and streetcars gained in popularity, decreasing the need for fountains. After the completion of its last grand project, the Swann Memorial Fountain in Logan Circle in 1924, the society ceased building fountains.{{sfn|McClelland|2004|p=6}} At its peak, the society had managed 82 fountains.{{Cite web|last=Hahn|first=Ashley|date=2013-05-29|title=Curbside refreshment for man and beast|url=https://whyy.org/articles/curbside-refreshment-for-man-and-beast/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916234610/https://whyy.org/articles/curbside-refreshment-for-man-and-beast/|archive-date=September 16, 2020|access-date=2020-09-23|publisher=WHYY-FM|language=en-US}} It still exists as a grant-providing organisation.
= Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals =
The Fountain Society was linked to the Pennsylvania branch of the newly formed American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, co-founded in June 1868 by Colonel Mark Richards Muckle of the Public Ledger.{{cite journal |last1=Double |first1=Bill |title=A Modest Fountain on the Square |url=http://paheritage.wpengine.com/article/modest-fountain-on-square/ |journal=Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine |access-date=23 September 2020 |issn=0270-7500 |publisher=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission |archive-date=September 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033822/http://paheritage.wpengine.com/article/modest-fountain-on-square/ |url-status=live }} The two had shared motivations, and Swann was involved in both.{{sfn|Greene|2008|pp=242–243}} As of September 1869, press reports claimed "a very commendable rivalry in the erection of drinking fountains for man and beast will spring up between those two admirable associations", the Fountain Society with twelve in operation so far, and the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PSPCA) credited with five, all fountains which had "proven their utility and absolute necessity" with more to come. Some of these featured a curb-level trough for small animals, and a separate drinking fountain for people.
By 1869, the activist Caroline Earle White had grown frustrated with her exclusion from any decision-making role in the PSPCA, which she had helped to found. She created a Women's Branch, essentially an auxiliary,{{Cite web|last=Park|first=Katie|title=30 Philadelphia women created 'America's First Animal Shelter.' At last, they get their due.|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/womens-animal-center-bensalem-anniversary-20190405.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134223/https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/womens-animal-center-bensalem-anniversary-20190405.html|archive-date=September 25, 2020|access-date=2020-09-25|website=The Philadelphia Inquirer|language=en-US}} which also independently commissioned the construction of public drinking fountains and horse troughs.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGDJAAAAMAAJ&q=Women%E2%80%99s+Branch+of+the+Pennsylvania+Society+for+the+Prevention+of+Cruelty+to+Animals+drinking+fountains&pg=PA37|title=... Annual Report of the Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, for the Year Ending ...|date=1910|publisher=Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.|page=37|language=en|access-date=September 25, 2020|archive-date=September 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134321/https://books.google.com/books?id=KGDJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA37&dq=Women%E2%80%99s+Branch+of+the+Pennsylvania+Society+for+the+Prevention+of+Cruelty+to+Animals+drinking+fountains#q=Women%E2%80%99s%20Branch%20of%20the%20Pennsylvania%20Society%20for%20the%20Prevention%20of%20Cruelty%20to%20Animals%20drinking%20fountains|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIhCAQAAMAAJ&q=Women%E2%80%99s+Branch+of+the+Pennsylvania+Society+for+the+Prevention+of+Cruelty+to+Animals+drinking+fountains&pg=PA131|title=Laws of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania|date=1870|page=131|language=en|author1=Pennsylvania|access-date=September 25, 2020|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033823/https://books.google.com/books?id=SIhCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=Women%E2%80%99s+Branch+of+the+Pennsylvania+Society+for+the+Prevention+of+Cruelty+to+Animals+drinking+fountains#q=Women%E2%80%99s%20Branch%20of%20the%20Pennsylvania%20Society%20for%20the%20Prevention%20of%20Cruelty%20to%20Animals%20drinking%20fountains|url-status=live}} White founded the American Anti-Vivisection Society in Philadelphia in 1883. She created its monthly magazine, Journal of Zoöphily, in 1892, and worked as editor for 25 years.Lily Santoro, "The Birth of a Movement: The History of the Anti-Vivisection Society," A-V Magazine (Spring 2008).[https://issuu.com/aavs/docs/avspring2008]
==Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals==
White fully broke away from the PSPCA in 1899, founding the independent Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, or WPSPCA.{{Cite book|last1=Bekoff|first1=Marc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCFeAgAAQBAJ&q=%22Women%E2%80%99s+Pennsylvania+Society+for+the+Prevention+of+Cruelty+to+Animals%22+%221899%22&pg=PA362|title=Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare|last2=Meaney|first2=Carron A.|date=2013-12-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-93002-8|page=362|language=en}} The WPSPCA became co-publisher of Journal of Zoöphily, which promoted its good works. White was assisted by the efforts and financial support of the WPSPCA's vice-president, Annie L. Lowry, the childless widow of a successful Philadelphia lawyer. Lowry sponsored horse fountains at Walnut & Dock Streets and 8th & Porter Streets, and more were erected in her memory. Lowry made $58,000 in bequests to the WPSPCA in her 1908 will, including $10,000 "for erecting fountains in Philadelphia for horses and smaller animals,""Bulk of Fortune Goes to Charity," The Philadelphia Inquirer, August 8, 1908, p. 11. and $20,000 to establish the first animal shelter in the United States.
A crusade is being conducted in Philadelphia, and has been for six years past, by the members of the Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
In 1906, Mrs. Bradbury Bedell, a member of the Women's Society who had long been active in seeking better conditions for animals in Philadelphia, and the late Mrs. A. L. Lowry, another woman who for years had sought successfully to aid in the comfort of the dumb beasts, debated over the filthiness of many of the water troughs located around the city. They made personal appeals in many cases to saloon keepers where they found trough conditions especially flagrant. Sometimes their efforts were successful, and again the women's appeals were passed by unnoticed.
Then the thought came to them that the society could in time establish sufficient stations to crush out the horse trough evil, and the campaign was started. In six years the results have been even more than the originators had anticipated. To-day the society owns forty fountains and troughs throughout the city. Conditions at many other fountains have been greatly improved, and horse owners have been aroused to the danger.
The city authorities have cheerfully aided the Women's Society here by furnishing the supply of water free for all the stations and in other ways. Many heads of stores and establishments which have a large supply of horses have also responded to the society's efforts on behalf of the horse. They know what it means from a commercial as well as a humane standpoint.The Philadelphia Record, September 15, 1912.
As of 1928 the WPSPCA still ran a veterinary hospital in the city, an animal refuge, owned and maintained 50 street fountains open all year, and put up additional seasonal horse-watering stations in the city from May through November.{{cite news |title=No Cessation Near for SPCA Work |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/172990030 |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=Philadelphia Inquirer via newspapers.com (sub req'd) |date=22 July 1928}}
= Temperance organizations =
{{Quote box
| quote = During the season from April to November [the fountains] are so constantly patronized in busy portions of the city that water is at all times spilt over the surrounding pavement [...] –The Times, October 9, 1892
| width = 20em
}}The Woman's Christian Temperance Union also commissioned fountains.
The local membership of the Sons of Temperance funded a drinking fountain, originally installed under a pergola at the 1876 Centennial Exposition and later moved to Independence Square in 1877.{{Cite web |url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/pa/pa0800/pa0894/data/pa0894data.pdf |title=Architectural Data Form: Sons of Temperance Fountain |last1=McCown |first1=Susan |date=July 25, 1984 |work=Historic American Buildings Survey |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=October 21, 2023}} As advertised, it provided ICE WATER FREE TO ALL.{{HABS |survey=PA-1480 |id=pa0894 |title=Sons of Temperance Fountain, Independence Square, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA |photos=2 |data=1 |cap=1}}
Also for the 1876 exposition the German-American sculptor Herman Kirn produced the elaborate Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain. This included five figures, Moses in the middle, and sixteen drinking fountains installed into granite pedestals.{{cite web |title=Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain |url=https://www.philart.net/art/Catholic_Total_Abstinence_Union_Fountain/58.html |website=Philadelphia Public Art |publisher=Christopher Wilson Purdom |access-date=24 September 2020 |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427010658/http://www.philart.net/art/Catholic_Total_Abstinence_Union_Fountain/58.html |url-status=live }}
Notable drinking fountains
Some entries in this table overlap the entries in Drinking fountains in the United States. Neither table is an exhaustive list.
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Name !Date !Image !Location !Sponsor/Designer !Material !Notes !{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |
| "First Fountain"
|1854 |File:First Fountain Sept 2020.JPG |Forbidden Drive, Wissahickon Valley (between Wises Mill Road & Bells Mill Road) |John Cook and Charles Magargé |white marble |File:First Fountain plaque Sept 2020.JPGInterpretive panel beside the "First Fountain": |Philadelphia: The Birthplace of the Nation (Philadelphia: Sheldon Company, Inc., 1904), p.[https://archive.org/details/philadelphiabirt00ashm_0/page/n33/mode/2up]Hand-Book to the Centennial Grounds and Fairmount Park (Philadelphia: John E. Potter & Company, 1876), p. 31. |
| Peace Fountain
|1865 |File:Peace Fountain 1865 Fairmount Water Works.jpg |Fairmount Water Works, South Garden | |brownstone |File:Peace Fountain (9101154911).jpgPeace Fountain, {{circa}}1870: |[https://www.philart.net/art/Peace_Fountain/455.html Peace Fountain] from Philadelphia Public Art.Virginia A. Smith, "Restoring part of Water Works' flow," The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 16, 2007.{{cite web|last=Gates|first=Henry Louis Jr.|title=What Is Juneteenth?|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/what-is-juneteenth/|access-date=September 30, 2014|website=The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross|publisher=PBS|agency=Originally posted on The Root}} |
| Washington Square Fountain
|1869 |File:Drinking fountain, Washington Square, Philadelphia.jpg |Original: 7th & Walnut Streets (north side of Washington Square) |Philadelphia Fountain Society |granite |File:Philadelphia & Its Environs 1876 p.39.jpgInstalled along the square's north side, 1869: |
| Tyler Memorial Fountain Horse Trough at 312 Arch Street |1869 |Original: 500 block of Chestnut Street (in front of Independence Hall) |Philadelphia Fountain Society |granite |File:Tyler Fountain sidewalk 5-Oct-2020.jpgTwo PFS fountains were installed on Chestnut Street in front of Independence Hall, 1869. One was sponsored by Mrs. F. Tyler, the other by merchant John Wanamaker. |
| Lemon Hill Spring (Marble Drinking Fountain) (Lion's Head Fountain) |circa 1870 |File:Sinclair Spring at Lemon Hill 1870.jpg |Kelly Drive & Sedgeley Drive, East Fairmount Park | |white marble |File:Lincoln Monument, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views 4.jpgIn the background (left) of the Lincoln Monument (1871): |
| In Aqua Sanitas Fountain
|1870–1871 |File:In Aqua Sanitas 5-Oct-2020.jpg |Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, West Fairmount Park (south of Falls Bridge) | |granite |Inscription: "In Aqua Sanitas" ("In Water Health") |
| Horse trough
|1870–1871 |File:Horse trough 1871 MLK Drive.jpg |Martin Luther King Jr. Drive & Montgomery Drive, West Fairmount Park | |granite |"Drinking fountain and water trough, west side of West River drive, just south of Columbia Bridge." |
| Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain
|1874–1877 |File:Centennial Fountain, 1876. Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. Erected under the auspices of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America.jpg |Fountain Drive, West Fairmount Park (west of Belmont Avenue) |Catholic Total Abstinence Union |granite |File:Father Mat Catholic abs.JPGErected on the fairgrounds of the 1876 Centennial Exposition, and dedicated July 4, 1876. Cost: $60,000 |{{Sfn|Fairmount Park Art Association|1974|p=144}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=RqmdCe9ONLkC&dq=herman+kirn&pg=PA69 "The Centennial Fountain,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418122117/https://books.google.com/books?id=RqmdCe9ONLkC&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=herman+kirn&source=bl&ots=C762Tgo9fq&sig=S_vp_jJPlxVR7xSb8oNEh-nCiLk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7zfrVJPsK8q8ggTYjoK4Dg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=herman%20kirn&f=false |date=April 18, 2016 }} Potter's American Monthly Magazine, vol. 6, no. 49 (January 1876), p. 70.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HAtlZfzCtgC&pg=PP830|title=International Temperance Conference|date=1877|language=en|page=730|access-date=September 25, 2020|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033824/https://books.google.com/books?id=9HAtlZfzCtgC&pg=PP830|url-status=live}} |
| Temperance Fountain
|1876 |File:Temperance Drinking Fountain 1876 FLP.jpg |Original: 1876 Centennial Exposition fairgrounds |Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance |cast iron |File:Sons of Temperance Fountain Philadelphia 1961.jpgInstalled under a 13-sided gazebo at the 1876 Centennial Exposition. Cost: $2,300. |
| Lion's Head Fountain
|1878 |File:Lion's Head Fountain c.1895 Kelly Drive.jpg |Original: Lincoln Drive, Wissahickon Valley |Fairmount Park Art Association |granite |File:Lion's Head Fountain Wissahickon c.1895.jpgIn its original location, {{circa}}1895. Note the metal cup chained to the fountain: |{{sfn|Scharf|Westcott|1884|p=1870}}[https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/digitool%3A7134?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=f8384dae2f33f3348bc5&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=8 Lion's Head Fountain] from Library Company of Philadelphia. |
| Ancient Roman Sarcophagus Kates Horse Trough |{{circa}}200–225 A.D. |File:Wissahickon sarcophagus angled.jpg |Forbidden Drive (west of intersection with Lincoln Drive) |Fairmount Park Art Association |Italian white marble |File:Wissahickon Sarcophagus detail.jpgDetail: Woman Riding a Sea-Centaur: "HORSE TROUGH. Presented by Clarence S. Kates. Accepted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, December 15th, 1878, and placed on the Wissahickon Drive, near the site of the Old Log Cabin." |{{sfn|Scharf|Westcott|1884|p=1870}}Donald White, "What Is a Water Trough Where a Horse Can't Even Get a Drink?" Expedition Magazine vol. 46, no. 3 (2004).[https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/classic-notes/] from Penn Museum. |
| Orestes and Pylades Fountain
|1884 |File:Orestes and Pylades 5-Oct-2020.jpg |33rd Street & Reservoir Drive, East Fairmount Park (Oxford Street Entrance) |Fairmount Park Art Association |bronze & granite |File:Orestes and Pylades Steinhoeuser signature.JPGSteinhäuser's 1871 marble sculpture is located in the Palace Park, Karlsruhe, Germany. |[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1601335J0TE53.3790&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!15609~!58&ri=5&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Philadelphia&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=fountain&index=.FW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=5 Orestes and Pylades Fountain] from SIRIS.[https://www.associationforpublicart.org/artwork/orestes-pylades-fountain/ Orestes and Pylades Fountain] from Philadelphia Public Art.{{cite book |last1=Pohlsander |first1=Hans A. |title=German Monuments in the Americas: Bonds Across the Atlantic |date=1 January 2010 |publisher=Peter Lang |page=123 |isbn=978-3-0343-0138-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6kCDYByxCSYC&pg=PA123 |access-date=3 October 2020}} |
| Catharine Thorn Memorial Fountain
|1890 |File:Catharine Thorn Fountain 1890 South St.JPG |23rd Street, South Street & Grays Ferry Avenue |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Inscription: "The Legacy of Catharine Thorn by the W. P. S. P. C. A." |[https://www.philart.net/art/Catherine_Thorn_Fountain_/866.html Catharine Thorn Fountain] from Philadelphia Public Art.{{cite news |title=Dumb Animals Remembered |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/52855269/ |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=Philadelphia Times (via newspapers.com, subscription req'd) |date=16 September 1898}}{{efn|A mutton butcher who stands close by in the South Street market mentioned to a member of our Board that one very warm morning he counted the horses that came there to drink till he was too tired to count any longer, but he thought there must have been five hundred that drank that morning. If those horses could speak, and if they knew who was their benefactress, would they not bless Miss Thorne?Journal of Zoöphily, vol. 10, no. 7 (July 1915), p. 76.}} |
| Forepaugh Horse Trough
|1895 |File:Forepaugh Fountain 4-Oct-2020.jpg |Fairhill Square, 4th Street & Lehigh Avenue |Philadelphia Fountain Society |granite |File:Forepaugh Fountain maker 4-Oct-2020.jpgInscription: "Presented to the Philadelphia Fountain Society by a Lady" |
| William Leonidas Springs Fountain
|1899 |File:Springs Fountain 1899 Lincoln Drive.JPG |Lincoln Drive, Wissahickon Valley (between Gypsy Lane & Forbidden Drive) |Jeanette S. Springs, donor |granite |File:Springs Fountain 1899 Lincoln Drive detail.JPG"In October, 1899, a granite fountain was erected on the Wissahickon Drive at the Old Log Cabin spring by Miss Jeanette S. Springs, in memory of her father, William Leonidas Springs." |J. Bunford Samuel, A Word Sketch of Fairmount Park (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1917), p. 13.Report of the Commissioners of Fairmount Park for the Year 1912 (Philadelphia: Fairmount Park Commission, 1913), p. 13. |
| Class of 1892 Drinking Fountain The Scholar and the Football Player |1900 | |Quadrangle Dormitories |University of Pennsylvania Class of 1892, sponsor |bronze & granite |File:Foliage at Penn 2005 035.jpgBronze; result of a $2500 fund raised by alumni; "the student appears in cap and gown, while, seated at his side, is the athlete, in football armor and with a 'pigskin' held firmly in his arm." |{{cite web |title=Scholar, Football Player: A Drinking Fountain |url=https://www.facilities.upenn.edu/maps/art/scholar-football-player-drinking-fountain |website=UPenn Facilities & Real Estate Services |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |access-date=24 September 2020 |archive-date=November 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115134806/http://www.facilities.upenn.edu/maps/art/scholar-football-player-drinking-fountain |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Present to Alma Mater from Class of '92, U. of P. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/167509156 |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=Philadelphia Inquirer via newspapers.com (sub req'd) |date=24 February 1900}} |
| Grace and Beauty Fountain
|{{circa}}1901 |File:"Grace and Beauty" (9045451920).jpg |Horticultural Center, West Fairmount Park | |white marble | | |
| Bell H. Crump Fountain{{efn|FOUNTAIN FOR ANIMALS - Mrs. Bell Crump Erects Public Convenience for Horses and Dogs What will be the largest drinking fountain for horses and dogs in Philadelphia will be opened this morning by the Pennsylvania Society for the Protection {{sic}} of Cruelty to Animals, on Broad street, at the intersection of Fairmount and Ridge avenues. The water will be turned on at 11 o'clock, by Mrs. Bell H. Crump, who presented the fountain to the society. All ambulances for the removal of living animals will be present and their horses will be the first to drink. Colonel M. Richards Muckle, president of the society, and Secretary F.B. Rutherford will accept the fountain on behalf of the organization. The fountain is composed of two solid blocks of granite. It is seven feet in diameter, three feet high and weighs nearly ten tons. Six horses can drink at one time, and there is a lower basin for dogs and birds. Around the upper margin the words, "Erected by Bell H. Crump, 1907," are inscribed.— The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 1, 1907, p. 2.}} |1907 |Original: Broad Street, Fairmount Avenue & Ridge Avenue |Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |File:Crump Fountain 4-Oct-2020.jpg |Forty-sixth Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Philadelphia: John R. McFetridge & Sons, 1914). |
| Mary Rebecca Darby Smith Memorial Fountain Rebecca at the Well |1908 |File:Smith Fountain 12th & Spring Garden ca.1908.jpg |Original: 12th & Spring Garden Streets (on median strip) |Philadelphia Fountain Society |bronze & red granite |Funded with $5000 left to the Society by Smith, and based on her own design |{{cite news |title=Our Fountains and Their Histories |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/168434031/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |publisher=Philadelphia Inquirer via newspapers.com (sub req'd) |date=24 May 1896}} |
| Annie L. Lowry Memorial Fountain
|1909 |File:Annie L. Lowry Memorial Fountain Philadelphia.jpg |3rd & Bainbridge Streets (on median strip) |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |File:Lowry 1909 E side.jpgErected at a cost of $1,500, with money left in Lowry's will. |{{Cite journal|title=Memorial Fountain and the Child Who Unveiled It|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjtCAQAAMAAJ&q=Annie+L.+Lowry+Memorial+Fountain&pg=PA63|journal=Journal of Zoöphily|year=1909|volume=XIX|page=63|access-date=September 24, 2020|archive-date=September 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134255/https://books.google.com/books?id=vjtCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=Annie+L.+Lowry+Memorial+Fountain|url-status=live}}{{efn|Another striking exhibit was a granite fountain, a perfect reproduction in miniature of one which was erected earlier in the year from the funds so generously bequeathed for the purpose by our late co-worker Mrs. Annie L. Lowry. This model was the gift of Mr. John Sheehan who furnished the fountain above mentioned as well as the four new horse troughs placed during the year at 21st and Fairmount Avenue, at 69th and Terminal, Newtown Square and at Lansdowne.Forty-Third Annual Report of the Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Philadelphia: January 1911).}} |
| Annie L. Lowry Memorial Horse Trough
|1910 |File:Lowry Fountain 2nd St 5-Oct-2020.jpg |Original: Fairmount Avenue & 21st Street? |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |File:Fireman's Hall Museum 147 N 2nd Street.jpgInscription: "The Gift of Mrs. A. L. Lowry." |{{cite web|date=September 20, 2019|title=Interiors, Objects, Structures, and Sites Listed on the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places|url=https://www.phila.gov/media/20191025142041/Historic-Register-interiors-objects-structures.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101114329/https://www.phila.gov/media/20191025142041/Historic-Register-interiors-objects-structures.pdf|archive-date=January 1, 2020|access-date=2020-09-15|publisher=Philadelphia Historical Commission}} |
| Annie L. Lowry Memorial Horse Trough
|1910 |File:Lowry Memorial Horse Trough 1910 Roxborough High School.JPG |Original: 69th Street Terminal? |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Inscription: "In Memory of Mrs. Annie L. Lowry. Women's Pa. S. P. C. A." |
| Annie L. Lowry Memorial Horse Trough
|1910 | |Original: Newtown Square? |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Relocated to E. Logan Street, east of Stenton Avenue, when? |Samantha Bambino, "A Lifesaving Mission; Women's Animal Shelter hosts 25 anniversary rededication ceremony," Bensalem Times, July 1, 2019.[https://lowerbuckstimes.com/2019/07/01/a-lifesaving-mission/] |
| Annie L. Lowry Memorial Horse Trough
|1910 | |Original: Lansdowne?{{efn|An early photograph shows a horse and trough at 12 N. Lansdowne Avenue, beside the Barker Building (at 14-16 N. Lansdowne). William H. Barker donated the land for Lansdowne's Lowry horse trough.}} |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Inscription: In Memory of Mrs. Annie L. Lowry Women's Pa. S. P. C. A. |Richard D. Kerr, [https://haverfordhistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/history/HTHS_Haverford_Townships_Annie_L_Lowry_Water_Trough.pdf "Haverford Township's Annie L. Lowry Water Trough" (PDF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029210611/https://haverfordhistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/history/HTHS_Haverford_Townships_Annie_L_Lowry_Water_Trough.pdf |date=October 29, 2021 }} Haverford Township Historical Society, January 2019."A Pleasant Occasion," Journal of Zoöphily, vol. 19, no. 12 (December 1910), p. 137. |
| Edward Wetherill Memorial Fountain Horse Trough at 315 S 9th St |circa 1910 |File:Water trough 9th St. Philly.JPG |315 S. 9th Street (north of Pine Street) |Philadelphia Fountain Society |granite |File:GENERAL VIEW, TROUGH - Water Trough and Fountain, Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA HABS PA,51-PHILA,668-1.tifInscription: "A merciful man is merciful to his beast" (front) |{{Philadelphia Architects and Buildings |pj=2024 |Water Trough and Drinking Fountain}} |
| John Harrison Memorial Fountain
|circa 1910 |File:Harrison Fountain 4-Oct-2020.jpg |Kelly Drive, East Fairmount Park (south of Fountain Green Drive) | |limestone |Inscription: "In memory of John Harrison 1834 — 1909" |
| Annie L. Lowry Memorial Horse Trough
|1913 | |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Inscription: "Del. Co. S. P. C. A." |
| Harriett S. French Fountain
|1914 |File:French Fountain side.jpg |Belmont Avenue, West Fairmount Park (north of Montgomery Drive) |Women's Christian Temperance Union |granite |File:French Fountain sidewalk.jpgInscriptions: "Harriet S. French, M.D." (street side); "W. C. T. U." (sidewalk side) |Fairmount Park Guard Pension Fund Association, Descriptive Souvenir of Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia: Reichert and Co., 1915).Chrissie Perella, Early Women in Homeopathy: A Resource Guide.[http://archives.drexelmed.edu/blog/?p=652] from Drexel University College of Medicine Archives. |
| Lion's Head Drinking Fountain (Penn Museum)
|circa 1915 |File:Calder Lion Head Fountain Penn Museum.jpg |University of Pennsylvania Museum (South Street sidewalk) |Alexander Stirling Calder, sculptor |white marble & granite |File:MUSEUM ENTRANCE - University of Pennsylvania, University Museum, 3620 South Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA HABS PA,51-PHILA,566A-4.tifIn foreground, below the entrance steps: |
| J. William White Memorial Drinking Fountain
|1921 |File:Rittenhouse Square - autumn - IMG 6548.JPG |Rittenhouse Square |Rittenhouse Square Flower Market Association |limestone & bronze |File:J William White Memorial (closeup).pngDr. J. William White was a prominent surgeon and professor at the University of Pennsylvania. |{{cite web |title=Dr. J. William White Memorial (1922) |url=https://www.associationforpublicart.org/artwork/dr-j-william-white-memorial/ |website=Association for Public Art |access-date=25 September 2020 |archive-date=December 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227203943/https://www.associationforpublicart.org/artwork/dr-j-william-white-memorial/ |url-status=live }} |
| Sarah Cresson Memorial Horse Trough
|1922 |File:Cresson Fountain 4-Oct-2020.JPG |Original: Front Street & Erie Avenue |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Cresson bequeathed funds to the Women's PSPCA for three horse troughs, all installed in 1922. |{{cite news |title=Fountain for Horses Unveiled by SPCA |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21358019/the-philadelphia-inquirer/ |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=Philadelphia Inquirer via newspapers.com (free access clip) |date=23 November 1922}} |
| Sarah Cresson Memorial Horse Trough
|1922 |File:Cresson Fountain Broad&Oregon 5-Oct-2020.jpg |Broad Street, Oregon Avenue & Moyamensing Avenue |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Inscription: "In Memoriam Sarah Cresson 1922" |
| Sarah Cresson Memorial Horse Trough
|1922 | |NE corner Windrim Avenue & Broad Street |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Inscription: "In Memoriam Sarah Cresson 1922" | |
| Two Standing Birds Fountain (Penn Museum)
|circa 1926–1929 |File:Calder Two Birds Fountain Penn Museum.jpg |University of Pennsylvania Museum (East Courtyard) |Alexander Stirling Calder, sculptor |white marble | |[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=Q6022524YF717.15575&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!307280~!12&ri=12&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=philadelphia&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=fountain&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=12 Wall mounted fountain] from SIRIS.[https://www.philart.net/art/University_Museum_Fountain/406.html University Museum Fountain] from Philadelphia Public Art.{{Philadelphia Architects and Buildings |pj=17180 |Free Museum of the University of Pennsylvania |short=yes}} |
| Lemon Hill Pet Fountain
| |File:Lemon Hill Pet Fountain 5-Oct-2020.jpg |Sedgeley Drive, East Fairmount Park (north of Kelly Drive, beside Goldfish Pond Fountain) | |granite | Inscription: "John IV. 13. Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again" | |
Unlocated or destroyed drinking fountains
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Name !Date !Image !Location !Designer/Sponsor !Material !Notes !{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |
| Iron Spring Fountain (Mineral Spring)
|1871 |Sedgeley Drive, east of Lemon Hill | |cast iron | |{{sfn|Scharf|Westcott|1884|p=1869}} |
| Sedgeley Drinking Fountain
|1871 |Sedgeley Guard House | |cast iron | |{{sfn|Scharf|Westcott|1884|p=1869}} |
| Rittenhouse Square Fountain
|1872 |File:Fountain on Walnut Street-Rittenhouse Square (Philadelphia).png |19th & Walnut Streets (NW corner Rittenhouse Square, outside iron fence) |Philadelphia Fountain Society |cast iron |Removed by 1884 |
| Mercury Fountain
|1872 |File:Fountain in Rittenhouse Square (9246569445).jpg |18th & Walnut Streets (NE corner Rittenhouse Square, inside iron fence) |Philadelphia Fountain Society |cast iron |Cost: $3,500 |"City Property: Handsome Fountains for Rittenhouse Square," The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 27, 1872.{{sfn|Scharf|Westcott|1884|p=1868}}{{sfn|Scharf|Westcott|1884|p=1850}} |
| Danaide Fountain
|1872 |File:Fountain. Rittenhouse Square. ca. 1880. (6721017609).jpg |18th & Locust Streets (SE corner Rittenhouse Square, inside iron fence) |Philadelphia Fountain Society |cast iron |File:Warszawa-Wilanów - rzeżby w ogrodach pałacowych01 - wian.JPGThe fountain's four corbels each supported a (zinc?) figure of Theodor Kalide's Boy with Swan. |William Cullen Bryant, ed., Picturesque America, Volume II (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1874), page 28.{{sfn|Scharf|Westcott|1884|p=1850}}Carol A. Grissom, Zinc Sculpture in America, 1850 - 1950 (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2009). |
| 5 French drinking fountains
|1878 |East Fairmount Park |Fairmount Park Art Association |bronzed cast iron |"FIVE FOUNTAINS.* Cast at Paris, France, at the Foundry of Val D'Osne. Purchased by the Association, and erected with basins, hydraulic fitments, etc., at the expense of the Association, in the Park near the Lincoln Monument. Accepted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, December 8th, 1877. |Fairmount Park Art Association, Twenty-Seventh Annual Report (Philadelphia, 1899), p. 8.[https://books.google.com/books?id=c31WAAAAcAAJ&dq=fountain+fairmount+park&pg=PA8] |
| Norris Square Fountain
|1891 | |Susquehanna Avenue (between Hancock Street & Howard Street) |Women's Christian Temperance Union | |Inscriptions: "I will give unto him that is athirst of the Water of Life freely." "Erected by the Sixth Young Women's Christian Temperance Union, July, 1891." |
| Annie L. Lowry Fountain
|1906 | |John S. James Memorial Episcopal Church, 8th & Porter Streets |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals | |Dedicated July 1, 1906 |"Lowry Drinking Fountain Dedicated," Journal of Zoöphily, vol. 15, no. 8 (August 1906), p. 87. |
| Annie L. Lowry Fountain
|1906 | |Dock & Walnut Streets |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |Barre granite |Dedicated October 22, 1906 |
| Harriett S. French Memorial Fountain
|1909 | |Grays Ferry Avenue, 25th Street & Christian Street (opposite Philadelphia Naval Asylum) |Women's Christian Temperance Union |granite |Inscription: "Erected to the glory of God, by the Harriet S. French Young Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Loyal Temperance Legion of Holy Trinity Memorial chapel" |"Philadelphia Chapel Aids in Erecting Drinking Fountain," The Churchman, August 21, 1909, p. 284. |
| Archbishop Ryan Memorial Watering Station
|1911 | |NE corner Broad & Arch Streets |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals | |Dedicated June 6, 1911 |"Our Opening Day," Journal of Zoöphily, vol. 20, no. 7 (July 1911), p. 220. |
| Martin Hetzel Memorial Fountain
|1915 | |Lehigh Avenue & Waterloo Street |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Dedicated September 1, 1915 |Journal of Zoöphily, vol. 24, no. 10 (October 1915), p. 154. |
| Emmeline Reed Bedell Memorial Fountain
|1920 | |Dock Street and Delaware Avenue |Women's Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |granite |Bedell was "founder of the Auxiliary, and who twenty-five years ago established the first public watering places in this city. It bears the inscription, "In Memory of Emmeline Reed Bedell, 1920," carved in the granite at the base." |
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
{{Commons category|Drinking fountains in Philadelphia}}
- {{Cite book|last=Fairmount Park Art Association|url=https://archive.org/details/sculptureofcityp0000unse|title=Sculpture of a City: Philadelphia's Treasures in Bronze and Stone|publisher=Walker Publishing Company|year=1974|location=New York|language=en|oclc=1151158386|url-access=registration}}
- {{Cite book|last1=Finkel|first1=Kenneth|url=https://archive.org/details/philadelphiathen0000fink|title=Philadelphia Then and Now: 60 Sites Photographed in the Past and Present|last2=Oyama|first2=Susan|publisher=Library Company of Philadelphia; Dover Publications|year=1988|isbn=978-0-486-25790-7|location=New York|language=en|oclc=1150971538|url-access=registration}}
- {{Cite book|last=Greene|first=Ann Norton|url=https://archive.org/details/horsesatworkharn0000gree|title=Horses at Work: Harnessing Power in Industrial America|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-674-03790-8|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|oclc=1149441024|url-access=registration}}
- {{Cite book|last=McClelland|first=Jim|url=https://archive.org/details/fountainsofphila0000mccl|url-access=registration|title=Fountains of Philadelphia: A Guide|date=2004-12-22|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=978-0-8117-3191-1|language=en}}
- {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/philadelphiaitse00phil|title=Philadelphia and Its Environs: Illustrated|year=1876|publisher=J. B. Lippincott & Co.|language=en}} {{PD-notice}}
- {{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzhKAQAAMAAJ&q=drinking+fountains+in+philadelphia&pg=PA151|journal=The National Humane Review|date=1913|publisher=American Humane Association|language=en|title=The Evolution of the Horse Drinking Fountain|pages=150–151}}
- {{Cite book|last1=Scharf|first1=John Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uYkAAAAYAAJ&q=drinking+fountain&pg=PA1868|title=History of Philadelphia, 1609–1884|last2=Westcott|first2=Thompson|date=1884|publisher=L. H. Everts & Company|language=en}}
- {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Carl|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WnWHHftxdqQC|title=City Water, City Life: Water and the Infrastructure of Ideas in Urbanizing Philadelphia, Boston, and Chicago|date=2013-04-17|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-02265-9|language=en}}
Category:Drinking fountains in the United States
Category:History of Philadelphia
Category:Outdoor sculptures in Philadelphia
Category:Philadelphia Register of Historic Places