drop tower
{{Short description|Type of amusement ride}}
{{Other uses}}
File:Giant Drop - Dreamworld.jpg at Dreamworld]]
File:Drop tower Santa cruz boardwalk.JPG entitled the "Double Shot"]]
File:Drop_tower_ride.jpg Philippines]]
A drop tower is a type of amusement park ride incorporating a central tower structure with one or more gondolas attached. In a typical modern configuration, each gondola carrying riders is lifted to the top of the tower and then released to free fall back down to ground level. This produces a feeling of weightlessness followed by rapid deceleration. A magnetic braking system, or a variation that relies on pistons and air pressure, is used to safely bring the gondola to a complete stop. One of the earliest drop towers configured as an amusement ride was a parachute ride that debuted at the 1939 New York World's Fair, which was inspired by paratrooper training devices used by the Soviet Union in the 1920s.{{cite web |last1=McCarter |first1=Reid |title=YouTuber explains why riders don't splatter into human puddles on "drop tower" rides |url=https://www.avclub.com/youtuber-explains-why-riders-dont-splatter-into-human-p-1844163554 |website=The A.V. Club |access-date=September 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240903233807/https://www.avclub.com/youtuber-explains-why-riders-dont-splatter-into-human-p-1844163554 |archive-date=September 3, 2024 |date=June 25, 2020 |url-status=live}}
Swiss manufacturer Intamin renewed interest decades later when it pioneered the modern drop tower with an early iteration released in the 1980s, which was later refined to use magnetic braking systems in the 1990s. This led to larger models, such as the Giant Drop and Gyro Drop. S&S Sansei modified the concept and released their own variation that employs pneumatics, which involves pistons, air pressure, and steel cables to control the speed of the gondola at all times. This variation can move the gondola at speeds faster than free fall and can alternatively be configured to accelerate gondolas in the opposite direction, moving at fast speeds up the tower as well as down.{{cite AV media |date=June 21, 2020 |title=How Drop Tower Rides Work |type=Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=av-WqguS8UI |access-date=September 3, 2024 |via=YouTube |publisher=Art of Engineering}}
Drop towers can vary in height and capacity, and some models are either mass-produced or custom. Newer features include gondolas that rotate along the vertical plane, tilting riders so they are facing the ground prior to the gondola's release. Falcon's Fury at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, for example, is a {{convert|335|ft|adj=on}} tower that rotates riders to face the ground, and then returns riders to an upright position as the gondola nears the end of the drop.
Drop tower designs
Mass-produced tower rides include:
- Double shot (air-powered blast up twice)
- Space shot (air-powered blast up)
- Super shot (drop down ride slowed by magnetic or air-power)
- Turbo drop (drop down ride slowed by air-power)
Tallest drop towers
class="wikitable"
| align="center" style="background-color:#dfd" | bold | Denotes drop tower is or was once the tallest in the world |
align="center" style="background-color:#BDBDBD" | italic
| Denotes drop tower is either no longer operating or removed |
class="wikitable" | |||||||
Rank
! Name ! Park ! Location ! Drop height ! Structural height ! Manufacturer ! Record holder | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
style="background:#BDBDBD;"
| — | Jackson Township, New Jersey, United States | {{Convert|415|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{Convert|456|ft|m|order=flip}} | Intamin | July 2014 – November 2024 | |||||||
style="background:#BDBDBD;"
| — | Orlando FreeFall | Orlando, Florida, United States | 120 metres (400 feet) | 130 metres (430 feet) | {{N/A}} | |||||||
style="background:#dfd;"
| 1 | Six Flags Magic Mountain | Valencia, California, United States | {{convert|400|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{convert|415|ft|m|order=flip}} | Intamin | July 2012 – July 2014. November 2024 – Current | |
style="background:#dfd;"
| 2 | Dreamworld | Coomera, Queensland, Australia | {{convert|119|m|ft|order=out}} | {{convert|390|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}} | Intamin | December 1998 – July 2012 | |
3
| Sierksdorf, Germany | {{convert|103|m|ft}} | {{convert|120|m|ft}} | Funtime | {{N/a}} | |||||||
4 | La Venganza del Enigma | Parque Warner Madrid | Madrid, Spain | {{convert|328|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{convert|377|ft|m|order=flip}} | S&S Worldwide | {{N/a}} |
style="background:#BDBDBD;"
| — | Blue Fall | Yokohama, Japan | {{Convert|328|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{Convert|351|ft|m|order=flip}} | Intamin | {{N/a}} | |||||||
5
| Donjon de l'Extrême | Dolancourt, France | {{convert|95|m|ft}} | {{convert|105|m|ft}} | Funtime | {{N/a}} | ||||||
6 | Busch Gardens Tampa Bay | Tampa Bay, Florida, United States | {{convert|310|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{convert|335|ft|m|order=flip}} | Intamin | {{N/a}} | |
7
| Voltrum | Bayern-Park | Reisbach, Germany | {{convert|305|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}} | {{convert|358|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}} | Funtime | {{N/a}} | |
style="background:#BDBDBD;"
| — | Sky Screamer | Marineland of Canada | Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada | {{convert|300|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}} | {{convert|450|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}} | S&S – Sansei Technologies | {{N/a}} | |
8 | Liseberg | Gothenburg, Sweden | {{convert|295|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}} | {{convert|381|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}} | Intamin | {{N/a}} | |
9 | PortAventura Park | Salou, Spain | {{convert|87|m|ft}} | {{convert|115|m|ft}} | Intamin | {{N/a}} | |
10
|UFO Gyro Drop |Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village |Yuchr Shiang, Nantou County, Taiwan |85 metres (280 ft) |110 metres (360 ft) |Intamin | {{N/A}} | |||||||
11
| Global Burj | Global Village | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | {{Convert|85|m|ft}} | {{Unknown}} | {{Unknown}} | {{N/A}} | |
12
| Drop Tower | Kings Dominion | Doswell, Virginia, United States | {{convert|272|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{convert|305|ft|m|order=flip}} | Intamin | {{N/a}} | |
13
| Big Tower | Beto Carrero World | Penha, Santa Catarina, Brazil | {{convert|264|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{convert|328|ft|m|order=flip}} | Intamin | {{N/a}} | |
rowspan="2" | 14 | Kings Island | Mason, Ohio, United States | {{convert|264|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{convert|315|ft|m|order=flip}} | Intamin | {{N/a}} | |
The Plunge | Ålgård, Rogaland, Norway | {{convert|264|ft|m|order=flip}} | {{Unknown}} | Funtime | {{N/A}} |
=Other notable examples=
- Big Shot on the top of The Strat reaching {{convert|1081|ft|order=flip}} was the highest situated drop tower ride in the world, with a drop of {{Convert|160|ft|order=flip}} to a base {{Convert|921|ft|order=flip}} above ground level
- Space Probe located at Wonderland Sydney in Australia
- Apocalypse at Drayton Manor
- Detonator at Thorpe Park
- Launch Pad at Pleasure Beach Blackpool
- AtmosFEAR at Morey's Piers, Wildwood, New Jersey
- The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror at multiple Disney parks worldwide.
- Acrophobia at Six Flags Over Georgia
- Guardians of the Galaxy - Mission: Breakout! at Disney California Adventure Park
- Giant Drop at Six Flags Great America
Injuries and accidents
{{See also|Intamin#Safety incidents}}
- On August 22, 1999, 12-year-old Joshua Smurphat fell to his death on Drop Zone: Stunt Tower (Drop Tower) at Paramount's Great America (California's Great America) after slipping from the ride's restraints, which were still locked at the end of the ride.{{cite news
|publisher = Courier-Journal |date = June 23, 2007 |url=http://www.courier-journal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?Date=20071129&Category=NEWS01&ArtNo=111290002&SectionCat=&Template=printart |title = Thrill ride lawsuits |access-date =July 5, 2021}}{{cite web|url=http://www.rideaccidents.com/1999.html|title=Drop Zone death: no charges, no explanation|date=November 5, 1999|publisher=RideAccidents.com|access-date=July 5, 2021|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420021130/http://www.rideaccidents.com/1999.html#nov5|archive-date=April 20, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
- On June 21, 2007 (park operating as Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom), a 13-year-old girl from Louisville, Kentucky had both feet cut off above the ankle when one of the ride's cables snapped during operation.{{Cite web |date=2013-01-27 |title=Girl who had feet severed by amusement park ride, in stable condition… |url=http://www.kare11.com/news/national/national_article.aspx?storyid=258624 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127021710/http://www.kare11.com/news/national/national_article.aspx?storyid=258624 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-27 |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=archive.ph}} Following the incident, all Intamin towers were temporarily closed and the Carowinds model was found to have stretched cables.{{cite web|title=Carowinds Thrill Ride Closed for Inspection|url=http://www.heraldonline.com/news/local/article12182144.html|website=(Wire Report)|publisher=The Herald Online|access-date=8 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208215504/http://www.heraldonline.com/news/local/article12182144.html|archive-date=2016-02-08|date=June 22, 2007}}
- On February 24, 2012, 14-year-old Gabriella Yukari Nichimura died in an accident at Hopi Hari, Vinhedo, São Paulo State, Brazil. She fell from the drop tower ride "La Tour Eiffel" suffering cranial trauma and died on the way to the hospital. Initial investigations suggested the possibility of mechanical failure in the restraint latch.{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/sp/campinas-regiao/noticia/2012/02/adolescente-morre-apos-acidente-em-parque-de-diversoes-no-interior-de-sp.html |title=Adolescente More Após Acidente em Parque de Diversões no Interior de SP |date=24 February 2012 |language=pt |trans-title=Teenager Dies after an Amusement Park Accident in the Interior of SP |access-date=2021-08-30 }}{{Update inline|date=September 2017}}
- On the evening of January 3, 2018, 8 persons (five females and three males aged 12 to 18, including Danica Villas) were injured suffering "cervical spasms" after Fun Drop Tower Ride at the amusement park Circle of Fun in Quezon Memorial Circle suddenly dropped.{{Cite web|url= https://www.philstar.com/metro/2018/01/05/1774686/8-youths-hurt-carnival-ride-glitch | title= 8 youths hurt in carnival ride glitch|first=Emmanuel|last=Tupas|website= The Philippine Star|date=Jan 5, 2018 }}{{Cite web|url= https://interaksyon.philstar.com/breaking-news/2018/01/03/115413/teens-injured-in-qc-circle-of-fun-ride/ | title= Teens injured in QC Circle of Fun ride|first=|last=|website= TV5 Network|date=January 3, 2018}}
- On the evening of September 5, 2021, 6-year-old Wongel Estifanos died on the Haunted Mine Drop ride after being separated from her seat and falling {{convert|110|feet|meters|abbr=on}} to her death. It has been determined that the girl was actually sitting on top of her seatbelt rather than the seatbelt being tight on her lap. A forensic pathologist identified the cause of death as blunt-force trauma. The official report by the Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety blamed a lack of procedures and inadequate training of two ride operators to ensure that Estifanos was properly buckled in.{{cite news |last=Candelaria |first=Esteban |date=September 24, 2021 |title=Colorado Springs girl killed on mine drop ride was not strapped in, report says |url=https://gazette.com/news/local/colorado-springs-girl-killed-on-mine-drop-ride-was-not-strapped-in-report-says/article_32a4e594-1d62-11ec-97ce-ffbb033c1f3d.html |url-status=live |work=The Gazette (Colorado Springs) |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001030327/https://gazette.com/news/local/colorado-springs-girl-killed-on-mine-drop-ride-was-not-strapped-in-report-says/article_32a4e594-1d62-11ec-97ce-ffbb033c1f3d.html |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2021}}{{cite web |author=Amusement Rides and Devices Program |date= |title=ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPOR |url=https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/gazette.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/d/2b/d2b1c0bc-1d61-11ec-b690-0b6e62a850f5/614e13a0eb92a.pdf.pdf |url-status=live |work=Colorado Division of Oil and Public Safety |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924182533/https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/gazette.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/d/2b/d2b1c0bc-1d61-11ec-b690-0b6e62a850f5/614e13a0eb92a.pdf.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2021}} Before the accident, the ride had had four annual safety inspections per Colorado Amusement Rides and Devices Regulations (7 CCR 1101-12) and was certified to have corrected any issues. Following the incident the park temporarily closed.{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Logan |url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/06/glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-closed-haunted-mine-drop-ride-death/ |title=Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park Closes After Child Dies On Thrill Ride - CBSN Denver |website=denver.cbslocal.com |date=6 September 2021 |language=en-US |access-date=2021-09-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908115354/https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/06/glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-closed-haunted-mine-drop-ride-death/ |archive-date=2021-09-08}}{{cite web |last=Morfitt |first=Karen |url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/10/wongel-estifanos-glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-ride-colorado-springs/ |title='She Reminds Me Tomorrow Isn't Promised': Family Friend Remembers Wongel Estifanos, 6-Year-Old Who Died On Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park Ride |date=September 10, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922212511/https://denver.cbslocal.com/2021/09/10/wongel-estifanos-glenwood-caverns-adventure-park-ride-colorado-springs/ |archive-date=September 22, 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.postindependent.com/news/glenwood-caverns-haunted-mine-drop-passed-regulations-inspection-less-than-three-months-before-death-of-6-year-old/ |title=Glenwood Caverns' Haunted Mine Drop passed regulations inspection less than three months before death of 6-year-old |first=Rich |last=Allen |date=September 7, 2021 |website=www.postindependent.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912024340/https://www.postindependent.com/news/glenwood-caverns-haunted-mine-drop-passed-regulations-inspection-less-than-three-months-before-death-of-6-year-old/ |archive-date=September 12, 2021}} Colorado Senate Bill 03-253 allows parents to release their minor’s rights to sue for negligence.{{cite web |url=https://www.postindependent.com/news/in-colorado-waiver-law-limits-legal-options-for-amusement-park-riders/ |title=In Colorado, waiver law limits legal options for amusement park riders |date=September 11, 2021 |author=Ray K. Erku |website=www.postindependent.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912024336/https://www.postindependent.com/news/in-colorado-waiver-law-limits-legal-options-for-amusement-park-riders/ |archive-date=September 12, 2021}}{{cite web |author1=Chlouber |author2=Arnold |author3=Entz |author4=Johnson S. |author5=Kester |author6=McElhany |author7=Taylor |author8=White |author9=Brophy |author10=Crane |author11=Garcia |author12=Hefley |author13=Miller |author14=Rippy |author15=Spence |author16=Stengel |author17=Weddig |date= |title=SENATE BILL 03-253 |url=http://www.leg.state.co.us/2003a/inetcbill.nsf/fsbillcont/88CF96042B7D5F3587256CC200794549?Open&file=253_enr.pdf |url-status=live |work=Colorado General Assembly |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215163305/http://www.leg.state.co.us/2003a/inetcbill.nsf/fsbillcont/88CF96042B7D5F3587256CC200794549?Open&file=253_enr.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2004 |access-date=October 10, 2021}}
- On the evening of March 24, 2022, 14-year-old Tyre Sampson from Missouri fell to his death from the world's tallest drop tower ride, the Orlando FreeFall drop tower at ICON Park in Florida. The brand new attraction had been open for only three months at the time of the accident.{{Cite web |last=Hanna |first=Melissa Alonso and Jason |date=2022-03-25 |title=A 14-year-old fell to his death from the new drop tower ride at Florida's ICON Park, authorities say |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/a-14-year-old-fell-to-his-death-from-the-new-drop-tower-ride-at-florida-s-icon-park-authorities-say-1.5834516 |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=CTVNews |language=en}} On April 18, 2022, it was discovered that the safety sensors of two seats had been intentionally modified to allow for larger gaps between harness and seat, almost double the normal range, presumably to accommodate larger riders, a condition that ultimately led to Tyre's death, since he slipped through that gap and fell toward the end of the drop when the ride slowed down.{{cite news |url=https://www.daytonatimes.com/news/report-ride-operators-altered-safety-features-before-teen-s-death/article_368fba44-c1f4-11ec-b441-47c5abba4659.html |first=Katie |last=Rice |work=Orlando Sentinel |title=Report: Ride operators altered safety features before teen’s death |date=22 April 2022 |access-date=11 February 2025}}{{Cite web |title=Read the report: Engineer report on teen death at ICON Park |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/os-bz-icon-park-orlando-freefall-tyre-sampson-report-20220418-lfbnlc5urzb3xfvzrmal7cyjqy-story.html |access-date=January 2, 2023 |website=Orlando Sentinel|date=April 18, 2022 }} On October 6, 2022, it was announced that the Orlando Free Fall tower would be dismantled.{{cite web | url=https://www.wesh.com/article/orlando-free-fall-torn-down/41545862# | title=Orlando Free Fall to be torn down following teen's death | date=7 October 2022 }} The owner plans to have the demolition finished by the anniversary of the victim’s death.{{Cite web |title=Demolition of Orlando FreeFall ride begins this week |url=https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/demolition-of-orlando-freefall-ride-begins-this-week.amp |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.fox35orlando.com}}
- On September 5, 2022, a drop tower in India failed to slow down then crashed to ground, injuring 16.{{cite web | url=https://nypost.com/2022/09/05/terrifying-moment-carnival-ride-plummets-caught-on-video/amp/ | title=Carnival ride plummets 50 feet, terrifying moment caught on video | date=5 September 2022 }}
See also
- {{commonscat-inline}}
- Freefall