element collecting
File:Wooden periodic table.jpg
File:Hafnium pellets with a thin oxide layer.jpg samples for collectors]]
Element collecting is the hobby of collecting the chemical elements. Many element collectors simply enjoy finding peculiar uses of chemical elements. Others enjoy studying the properties of the elements, possibly engaging in amateur chemistry, and some simply collect elements for no practical reason. Some element collectors invest in elements, while some amateur chemists have amassed a large collection of elements—Oliver Sacks, for example.{{cite book |title=Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood |last=Sacks |first=Oliver |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=978-0-375-40448-1 |year=2001 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/uncletungstenmem00sack }} In recent years, the hobby has gained popularity with media attention brought by element collectors like Theodore Gray. Sagar Jamane describes element collecting as “more a discipline than a hobby.” “It’s a reminder of the enormous effort of all the beautiful minds behind the periodic table and element discovery,” he says, adding that it's thrilling to see the elements that make up the universe at such close quarters.{{Cite web |date=2023-10-03 |title=It's Elementary! A Niche New Hobby Occupies India's Element Collectors |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/evolve/niche-new-hobby-occupies-indias-element-collectors-616666.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}
Acquiring elements
Some collectors attempt to collect very high purity samples of each element. Others prefer to find the element in everyday use. Some are averse to collecting the element as a compound or alloy, while others find this acceptable. Collectors may isolate elements in their own homes. Hydrogen, for example, can be easily isolated via the electrolysis of water.{{cite web |last=Gray |first=Theodore |authorlink=Theodore Gray |title=The Wooden Periodic Table Table |website= |date= |url=http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/ |accessdate=20 November 2010}}
In addition to the element samples, some element collectors also collect items connected with the element, such as manufactured goods containing the element, rocks and minerals with the element as a constituent or compounds of the element. Some manufacturers also sell coins made from pure elements, and density cubes made from the pure element can also be sourced on auction sites such as eBay.
Some commercial retailers now cater to the element collecting community, even selling large quantities in sets,{{cite web |last=Gray |first=Theodore |url=http://www.theodoregray.com/Periodictable/HowToGetOne.html |title=How to Get Your Own Element Collection |accessdate=8 March 2015}} since purchasing elements from large chemical companies is frequently prohibited or uneconomical for individuals. There are a number of specialist element providers which retail to the public over the web, sell individual element samples in addition to full and partial element sets. Many also sell elements through auction sites, such as eBay. Established specialist providers include RGB Elements, Engineered Labs,{{Cite web |last=Halford |first=Bethany |date=June 29, 2019 |title=Element collecting: A niche hobby that connects people to chemistry |url=https://cen.acs.org/physical-chemistry/periodic-table/IYPT-Element-collecting-niche-hobby-connects-people-to-chemistry/97/i26 |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=Chemical & Engineering News |language=en}} Nova Elements,{{Cite web |title=Buy Periodic Table Elements |url=https://www.novaelements.com/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=NovaElements ® |language=en-US}} Smart Elements,{{Cite web |title=Shop |url=https://www.smart-elements.com/ |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=www.smart-elements.com |language=en-US}} SMT Metalle Wimmer,{{Cite web |title=SMT Metalle Wimmer |url=https://www.metalle-wimmer.at/shop/index.php?id_lang=2 |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=SMT Metalle Wimmer |language=en-US}} PEGUYS,{{Cite web |title=The Periodic Element Guys |url=https://peguys.com/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Periodic Element Guys |language=en}} Metallium,{{Cite web |title=Metallium - ElementSales.com - Rare, Exotic Metals and Elements |url=https://elementsales.com/ |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=elementsales.com}} Collect the Periodic Table, Luciteria,{{Cite web |title=Luciteria Science |url=https://www.luciteria.com/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Luciteria |language=en-US}} and Onyxmet.{{Cite web |title=Onyxmet |url=https://onyxmet.com/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=onyxmet.com}}{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
Practical issues
Collecting macroscopic samples of all the elements is problematic: some elements, such as mercury, beryllium, thallium, plutonium, and arsenic are toxic and so are difficult to find or their sale is restricted. Others are rare in commerce, and thus hard to buy or expensive: scandium, lutetium, and thulium. Some, such as caesium, white phosphorus, and fluorine, are too reactive and have restrictions on their shipping; others, such as gallium, react corrosively and very fast with aluminium, so cannot be shipped by air.{{cite web |url=http://pe.usps.com/cpim/ftp/pubs/pub52/pub52.pdf |title=Publication 52, Hazardous, Restricted, and Perishable Mail |publisher=USPS |date=January 2008}} Some, such as phosphorus and iodine, are controlled due to use in clandestine chemistry.{{Cite web |title=2007 - Changes in the Regulation of Iodine Crystals and Chemical Mixtures Containing Over 2.2 Percent Iodine |url=https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2007/fr0702.htm |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308225438/https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2007/fr0702.htm |url-status=dead }} Others, like radon and astatine, are radioactive and have half-lives too short for practical collection in addition to their radioactive hazards. Usually only the stable elements from hydrogen to bismuth (except the radioactive technetium and promethium) are collected, with the exceptions of the extremely long-lived thorium and uranium. It is possible to source other radioactive elements, such as radium (usually in the form of radium sulfate as part of luminescent paint on antique watch hands, americium (in the form of radioactive buttons containing 0.29 micrograms of americium extracted from older smoke detectors), promethium (often in the form of luminous paint),{{cite web |title=Radioluminescent Items |url=https://orau.org/health-physics-museum/collection/radioluminescent/index.html |website=Museum of Radiation and Radioactivity |access-date=29 May 2024 |language=en}} polonium from devices meant to eliminate static electricity,{{cite web |title=Backgrounder on Polonium-210 |url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/polonium.html |website=NRC Web |publisher=United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission}} and technetium with a half-life of six hours plated on foil.{{cite web |title=Technetium |url=https://www.mtm.kuleuven.be/periodic-table/data/fiches/info-tc |website=Departement Materiaalkunde |access-date=29 May 2024 |language=nl}} In August 2023 an Australian collector was arrested because he bought a sample of plutonium for his element collection.{{Cite news |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=2025-03-21 |title=Sydney 'science nerd' may face jail for importing plutonium in bid to collect all elements of periodic table |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/mar/21/emmanuel-lidden-sydney-science-nerd-importing-plutonium-ntwnfb?CMP=share_btn_url |access-date=2025-03-23 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}
In What If?, Randall Munroe humorously explored the practicalities of building a periodic table consisting of bricks of each of the elements. He points out that many of the elements would immediately react with the air or with each other, sometimes with dramatic results. Astatine is so radioactive that it would quickly be "vaporized by its own heat". He concludes:{{Cite book |last=Munroe |first=Randall |url= |title=What if? : serious scientific answers to absurd hypothetical questions |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-544-27299-6 |pages=35–42}}
{{Blockquote|text=While collecting things is certainly fun, when it comes to chemical elements, you do not want to collect them all.}}
Notable collectors
Several collectors have gained notoriety for their large element collections in addition to their other accomplishments, including:
- Theodore Gray, scientist, author, and co-founder of Wolfram Research;
- Oliver Sacks, British neurologist and writer; and
- James and Jenny Marshall, creators of the film Rediscovery of the Elements.{{Cite web |last=Nikischer |first=Tony |date=November 30, 2021 |title=Rediscovery of the Elements |url=https://www.mindat.org/article.php/4234/Rediscovery+of+the+Elements |website=Mindat.org}}