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eyepatch

{{Short description|Small patch that is worn in front of an eye}}

{{redirect|Eyepad|the product by Apple Inc. (tablet computers)|iPad}}

{{unreliable sources|date=October 2016}}

{{Infobox medical intervention

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| image = Child eyepatch.jpg

| caption = A child wearing an adhesive eyepatch to correct amblyopia

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An eyepatch is a small patch that is worn in front of one eye. It may be a cloth patch attached around the head by an elastic band or by a string, an adhesive bandage, or a plastic device which is clipped to a pair of glasses. It is often worn by people to cover a lost, infected, or injured eye, but it also has a therapeutic use in children for the treatment of amblyopia. Eyepatches used to block light while sleeping are referred to as a sleep mask.

An eyepad or eye pad is a soft medical dressing that can be applied over an eye to protect it. It is not necessarily the same as an eyepatch.[https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=%22eye+pad%22+OR+%22eyepad%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b&gfe_rd=cr&ei=kYoNWJ7AGanS8AfcxKboCA Google search]

History

In the years before advanced medicine and surgery, eyepatches were common for people who had a lost or injured eye. They were particularly prevalent among members of dangerous occupations, such as soldiers and sailors who could lose an eye in battle. While stereotypically associated with pirates, there is no evidence to suggest the historical accuracy of eye patch wearing pirates before several popular novels of the 19th century (see Association with pirates below).

Medical uses

=Amblyopia=

Eye patching is used in the orthoptic management of children at risk of lazy eye (amblyopia), especially strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia.{{cite journal |vauthors=Georgievski Z, Koklanis K, Leone J |year=2007 |title=Orthoptists' management of amblyopia – a case based survey |journal=Strabismus |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=197–203 |doi=10.1080/09273970701631975 |pmid=18058356 |s2cid=26471932}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Georgievski Z, Koklanis K, Leone J |year=2008 |title=Fixation behaviour in the treatment of amblyopia using atropine |journal=Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology |volume=36 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=A764–A765}} These conditions can cause visual suppression of areas of the dissimilar images by the brain such as to avoid diplopia, resulting in a loss of visual acuity in the suppressed eye and in extreme cases in blindness in an otherwise functional eye.[http://cordis.europa.eu/newsearch/index.cfm?page=docview&collection=EN_RSLT&reference=52162&position=1&Highlights=EYE,MONOCUL,RECOVER,ACUIT,SUF,STEREOP,BINOCUL,PERCEPT,AMBLYOP,PHENOMEN,STEREOSCOP,VISU,FMR,ADUL,CUE&prevPage=resultList&similarity_id=1330698 Final Activity and Management Report Summary - SVS (Strabismus and visual suppression)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511190249/https://cordis.europa.eu/|date=2020-05-11}}, CORDIS Patching the good eye forces the amblyopic eye to function, thereby causing vision in that eye to be retained. It is important to perform "near activities" (such as reading or handiwork) when patched, thereby exercising active, attentive vision.{{cite journal |vauthors=Birch EE |title=Amblyopia and binocular vision |journal=Progress in Retinal and Eye Research |volume=33 |pages=67–84 |year=2013 |pmid=23201436 |pmc=3577063 |doi=10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.11.001 |type=Review}}

A study provided evidence that children treated for amblyopia with eye patching had lower self-perception of social acceptance.{{cite journal |vauthors=Webber AL, Wood JM, Gole GA, Brown B |title=Effect of amblyopia on self-esteem in children |journal=Optometry and Vision Science |volume=85 |issue=11 |pages=1074–81 |date=November 2008 |pmid=18981922 |doi=10.1097/OPX.0b013e31818b9911 |s2cid=205907362 |url=http://www.optvissci.com/pt/re/ovs/toc.00006324-200811000-00000.htm;jsessionid=KJLJ42lFnrvCmmg8zxznshfrsKvxvL6G0GNdTzMqy4HSZDxQ7Qd5!762269091!181195628!8091!-1}} To prevent a child from being socially marginalized by their peers due to wearing an eye patch, atropine eye drops may be used instead. This induces temporary blurring in the treated eye.

It has been pointed out that the penalization of one eye by means of patching or atropine drops does not provide the necessary conditions to develop or improve binocular vision. Efforts have been made to propose alternative treatments of amblyopia that do allow for the improvement of binocular sight, for example, using binasal occlusion or partially frosted spectacles in place of any eye patch, using alternating occlusion goggles or using methods of perceptual learning based on video games or virtual reality games for enhancing binocular vision.

A 2014 Cochrane Review sought to determine the effectiveness of occlusion treatment on patients with sensory deprivation amblyopia, however no trials were found eligible to be included in the review.{{Cite journal|last1=Antonio-Santos|first1=Aileen|last2=Vedula|first2=S. Swaroop|last3=Hatt|first3=Sarah R.|last4=Powell|first4=Christine|date=23 March 2020|title=Occlusion for stimulus deprivation amblyopia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=3|issue=3 |pages=CD005136|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005136.pub4|issn=1469-493X|pmc=7089638|pmid=32203629}} However, it is suggested that good outcomes from occlusion treatment for sensory deprivation amblyopia rely on compliance with the treatment.

=Extraocular muscle palsy=

To initially relieve double vision (diplopia) caused by an extra-ocular muscle palsy, an eye care professional may recommend using an eyepatch. This can help to relieve the dizziness, vertigo and nausea that are associated with this form of double vision.O'Sullivan, S.B & Schmitz, T.J. (2007). Physical Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, PA: Davis. {{ISBN|978-0-8036-1247-1}}.{{cite journal | author = Kernich CA | year = 2006 | title = Diplopia | journal = The Neurologist | volume = 12 | issue = 4| pages = 229–230 | doi = 10.1097/01.nrl.0000231927.93645.34 | pmid = 16832242 }}{{cite book | last1 = Edlow | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = Selim | first2 = Magdy | title = Neurology Emergencies | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2010| isbn = 978-0-19-538858-9}}

Use by aircraft pilots

Aircraft pilots used an eye patch, or close one eye to preserve night vision when there was disparity in the light intensity within or outside their aircraft, such as when flying at night over brightly lit cities, so that one eye could look out, and the other would be adjusted for the dim lighting of the cockpit to read unlit instruments and maps.Roy Brocklebank (2005). WORLD WAR III – The 1960s Version. Journal of Navigation, 58, pp 341-347 {{doi|10.1017/S0373463305003413}} Some military pilots have worn a lead-lined or gold-lined eyepatch, to protect against blindness in both eyes, in the event of a nuclear blast or laser weapon attack.[http://www.flightgear.dk/flash.htm Nuclear flash eye protection, Steen Hartov]{{Cite web |url=http://www.lesfrazier.com/labs.htm |title=Les Frazier |access-date=2008-07-24 |archive-date=2010-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101114407/http://www.lesfrazier.com/labs.htm |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://hotmedicalnews.com/laser_weapons.php |title=Laser Weapons |access-date=2008-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915164458/http://hotmedicalnews.com/laser_weapons.php |archive-date=2008-09-15 |url-status=dead }}

Eyepatches are not currently used by military personnel; modern technology has provided an array of other means to preserve and enhance night vision, including red-light and low-level white lights, and night vision devices.{{cite web | url = http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA156271&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101126090239/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA156271&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = November 26, 2010 | title = IMMEDIATE VISIBILITY AFTER RED AND WHITE ADAPTATION | access-date = 2011-06-01 | last = Luria | first = S. M. |author2=D. A. Kobus | date = 26 April 1985 | work = Naval Submarine Research Laboratory | publisher = Department of the Navy}}{{cite web | url = https://libraries.ircgov.com/genealogy/pdf/vbnas.pdf | title = A Guide to the U. S. Naval Air Station at Vero Beach | access-date = 2011-06-01 |date = July 1999| publisher = Indian River County Main Library}}{{cite web | url = http://www.nvl.army.mil/ | title = We Own The Night | access-date = 2011-06-01 | publisher = Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110517135236/http://www.nvl.army.mil/ | archive-date = 2011-05-17 }}

Association with pirates

File:Two sailors with amputated legs, an eyepatch and an amputate Wellcome V0020360.jpg

Ex-sailors ashore sometimes wore an eye patch to cover the loss of an eye, but pirates rarely wore eye patches while aboard ships. There were some exceptions, including Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami, a well-known pirate of the Persian Gulf, who wore an eye patch after losing an eye in battle.{{cite book|last=Lampe|first=Christine|title=The Book of Pirates|publisher=Gibbs Smith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALG4cH7lRGEC&pg=PA14|page=14|year=2010|isbn=9781423614807}}{{cite book |last1=Belgrave |first1=Charles |title=The Pirate Coast |date=1966 |publisher=George Bell & Sons |page= 122}}

Medical texts have referred to the eye patch as a "pirate's patch" and, writing in the Minnesota Academy of Sciences Journal in 1934, Charles Sheard of the Mayo foundation pointed out that by "wearing a patch (the pirate's patch) over one eye, it will keep the covered eye in a state of readiness and adaptation for night vision".{{cite journal|last=Sheard|first=Charles|year=1934|title=Night Vision|journal=Minnesota Academy of Sciences Journal|volume=2-12|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxkgAQAAMAAJ&q=pirates+eye+patch+vision}} This technique was explored during WWII by institutes such as the United States Navy.{{cite journal|year=1944|title=Night Vision|journal=Addendum to the Handbook of the Hospital Corps, United States Navy. 1939|publisher=United States. Navy Dept. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery|pages=A–2}} It has been suggested that pirates before electric lighting wore eyepatches to keep one eye adjusted to darkness ahead of a boarding operation, so that they would be ready to fight below deck where the lighting was poor. This idea was tested in an episode of MythBusters in 2007 and found to be plausible, but this application has never been documented in any historical naval manual.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080706021637/http://mythbustersresults.com/epsode71 MythBusters, episode 71]}}

Notable wearers

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  • Sir Adrian Carton de Wiart[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw18915/Sir-Adrian-Carton-de-Wiart]National Portrait Gallery

    • Ana de Mendoza[http://www.sightseeing-madrid.com/princess-of-eboli.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045813/http://www.sightseeing-madrid.com/princess-of-eboli.php |date=2014-08-08 }}Sightseeing Madrid - The Princess of Eboli
    • André De Toth[https://archive.today/20130131160543/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/230563461.html?dids=230563461:230563461&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+04,+2002&author=BRIAN+PENDREIGH&pub=The+Herald&desc=Andre+de+Toth;+Film-maker+lauded+as+the+director's+director&pqatl=google The Herald - Glasgow (UK) Nov 4, 2002]
    • Andrew Vachss[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB04FFBA1D665AE&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM St. Louis Post Dispatch]
    • Barbara Boggs Sigmund{{Cite web |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60160587.html?dids=60160587:60160587&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+10%2C+1990&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=NATION+Barbara+Boggs+Sigmund+Dies&pqatl=google |title=Los Angeles Times |access-date=2017-07-06 |archive-date=2012-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107001230/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60160587.html?dids=60160587:60160587&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+10,+1990&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=NATION+Barbara+Boggs+Sigmund+Dies&pqatl=google |url-status=dead }}
    • Bobby Helms{{Cite web |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/indystar/access/1875585861.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+15%2C+1996&author=RITA+ROSE&pub=Indianapolis+Star&desc=At+60%2C+Bobby+Helms+still+jingles+and+rocks&pqatl=google |title=Indianapolis Star |access-date=2017-07-06 |archive-date=2012-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107001257/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/indystar/access/1875585861.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+15,+1996&author=RITA+ROSE&pub=Indianapolis+Star&desc=At+60,+Bobby+Helms+still+jingles+and+rocks&pqatl=google |url-status=dead }}
    • Bruce Peterson[http://www.leemajors.co.uk/a/b_peterson.html Bruce Peterson Bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629022736/http://leemajors.co.uk/a/b_peterson.html |date=2017-06-29 }}Lee Majors Online
    • Bushwick Bill[http://www.maxim.com/amg/MOVIES/Features/Our+Favorite+Eyepatch+Heroes Our favorite eyepatch heroes]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Maxim magazine
    • Charles H. Bonesteel III[http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/resources/csi/bolger/bolger.asp Scenes from an Unfinished War: Low-Intensity Conflict in Korea, 1966–1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601212828/http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/resources/csi/Bolger/bolger.asp |date=2011-06-01 }} by Major Daniel P. Bolger
    • Charles Stourton, 26th Baron Mowbray{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1536938/Lord-Mowbray-and-Stourton.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1536938/Lord-Mowbray-and-Stourton.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Obituary: Lord Mowbray and Stourton|date=December 14, 2006|work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}
    • Claus von Stauffenberg[https://www.foxnews.com/story/is-horrible-valkyrie-tom-cruises-nazi-apologia Is Horrible 'Valkyrie' Tom Cruise's Nazi Apologia?]Fox News
    • Dale Chihuly[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27056316 Dale Chihuly opens Rhode Island school gallery] MSNBC
    • Dale D. Myers[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/SawyerRS/RSS_10-7-99.pdf NASA Oral History Transcript]NASA
    • Dan Crenshaw{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/snl-pete-davidson-under-fire-for-jokes-about-veteran-and-gop-congressional-candidates-eye-patch/ |title=SNL, Pete Davidson Under Fire For Jokes About Veteran and GOP Congressional Candidate's Eye Patch |work=National Review|date=5 November 2018 }}
    • Date MasamuneSohachi Yamaoka, Date Masamune.
    • David Bowie[http://nymag.com/movies/features/53145/ Great Moments in Eye Patches]The New York Times
    • Dick Curless[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6KtJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cQ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3412,2930442&dq=dick-curless+eyepatch&hl=en Bangor Daily News, May 26, 1995]
    • Dušan Prelević[http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/kultura.71.html:200930-PreminuoDusan-Prelevic "Preminuo Dušan Prelević", novosti.rs]
    • Floyd Gibbons[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XS4uAAAAIBAJ&sjid=n9UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4038,747589&dq=floyd-gibbons+eyepatch&hl=en New York Day by Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526074720/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XS4uAAAAIBAJ&sjid=n9UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4038,747589&dq=floyd-gibbons+eyepatch&hl=en |date=2020-05-26 }} Miami Herald
    • Francisco de Orellana[http://www.digital-disability.com/pages/b/bulgaria/3838.html Colombia 1993 Lions Club International Amblyopia Prevention Campaign] Digital Disability
    • François Coli[https://archive.today/20130131142757/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/59454309.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+08,+1987&author=John+Aloysius+Farrell,+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=UNRAVELING+THE+MYSTERY+OF+WHITE+BIRD'S+FLIGHT&pqatl=google UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF WHITE BIRD'S FLIGHT] Boston Globe Mar 8, 1987
    • Fritz Lang[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sandiego/access/1242908461.html?dids=1242908461:1242908461&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+29%2C+1996&author=David+Elliott&pub=The+San+Diego+Union+-+Tribune&desc=Scorsese's+film+%60Journey'+whirls+through+magnificent+obsession&pqatl=google Scorsese's film `Journey' whirls through magnificent obsession] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306184205/http://www.pqarchiver.com/titles?dids=1242908461%3A1242908461&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Sep+29%2C+1996&author=David+Elliott&pub=The+San+Diego+Union+-+Tribune&desc=Scorsese%27s+film+%60Journey%27+whirls+through+magnificent+obsession&pqatl=google |date=2016-03-06 }} The San Diego Union
    • Gabrielle[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/48657264.html?dids=48657264:48657264&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&type=current&date=Jan+31%2C+2000&author=&pub=The+Herald&desc=Dreams+come+true+again&pqatl=google Dreams come true again] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107001350/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/48657264.html?dids=48657264:48657264&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&type=current&date=Jan+31,+2000&author=&pub=The+Herald&desc=Dreams+come+true+again&pqatl=google |date=2012-11-07 }} The Herald - Glasgow (UK) Jan 31, 2000
    • George MaciunasFluxus Reader by Ken Friedman publisher Academy Editions {{ISBN|978-0-471-97858-9}}
    • George Melly[https://web.archive.org/web/20071109075004/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/07/06/1971408.htm Jazz singer George Melly dies] ABC News
    • Jack Coggins{{cite journal | last = Ziss | first = Robert F. |date=Spring 2001 | title = Author-artist Jack Coggins | journal = Historical Review of Berks County | volume = 66 | url = http://www.jackcoggins.info/articles.html | access-date = July 13, 2009 | issue = 2 | pages = 76–82 | issn = 0018-2524 | oclc = 1589887}}
    • James Joyce
    • Jan Syrový[http://armada.vojenstvi.cz/predvalecna/osobnosti/3.htm Jan Syrový]
    • Jan Žižka[http://armada.vojenstvi.cz/predvalecna/osobnosti/3.htm Vojenské osobnosti předválečné armády - Armádní generál Jan Syrový]
    • Jason Trost
    • John Ford
    • José Millán Astray[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.xtec.es/~jrovira6/bio/astray.htm&ei=pm_uTcuhF824twfU8Oy7CQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCAQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.xtec.es/~jrovira6/bio/astray.htm%26num%3D50%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D1881%26bih%3D1088%26prmd%3Divns José Millán and Terreros] Base documental d'Història de Catalunya Contemporary. Biografies. (1800–1931) Biografies. (1800–1931)
    • Lewis Williams Douglas
    • Lisa Lopes
    • Luís de Camões[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03218b.htm Luis Vaz de Camões] Catholic Encyclopedia
    • María de Villota{{cite news|last1=Tremayne|first1=David|last2=Fotheringham|first2=Alasdair|title=F1 driver Maria de Villota, once the 'fastest woman in sport', is found dead in Spanish hotel|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/f1-driver-maria-de-villota-once-the-fastest-woman-in-sport-is-found-dead-in-spanish-hotel-8873483.html|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=2 January 2018|date=11 October 2013}}
    • Marie Colvin
    • Martin Bayerle
    • Maxie Anderson{{Cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5W0aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7ikEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6860,5155127&dq=maxie-anderson+eyepatch&hl=en |title=The Milwaukee Journal - Jun 27, 1983 |access-date=January 5, 2016 |archive-date=April 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430114214/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5W0aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7ikEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6860,5155127&dq=maxie-anderson+eyepatch&hl=en |url-status=dead }}
    • Momus{{cite web |url=http://imomus.com/matt.html |title=Story Of An Eye |access-date=2008-05-29 |author=Momus |date = April 1998}}
    • Moshe Dayan
    • Mother Angelica[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PD&s_site=twincities&p_multi=SP&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FAED94CF056B597&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM A LIFE OF PRAYER FOR EWTN STAR STROKES BRING MOTHER ANGELICA FULL CIRCLE] Saint Paul Pioneer Press - May 3, 2003
    • Nicholas Ray
    • Nick Popaditch{{Cite web | url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/newspaper-apologizes-for-cartoon-depicting-war-hero-candidate-in-eye-patch/ |title = Newspaper Apologizes for Cartoon Depicting War-Hero Candidate in Eye Patch| website=Fox News |date = 26 March 2015}}
    • Nicolas-Jacques ContéNicolas-Jacques Conté {{Nuttall}}
    • Norm Clarke
    • Olaf Scholz{{cite web | url=https://www.exberliner.com/english-news-berlin/german-chancellor-olaf-scholz-eye-patch/ | title=German chancellor Olaf Scholz wears eye patch after fall in Potsdam | date=5 September 2023 }}
    • Patrick Leigh Fermor{{Cite web |url=https://bookhaven.stanford.edu/2016/06/david-mason-remembers-patrick-leigh-fermor-what-a-life/ |title=David Mason remembers friend Patrick Leigh Fermor: "What a life!" |website = Stanford University |date= June 29, 2016}}
    • Pete Burns
    • Peter Gatien{{Cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/limelight-doc-tells-outlandish-tale-of-canadians-rise-and-fall-in-nyc/article629781/ |title = Limelight: Doc tells outlandish tale of Canadian's rise and fall in NYC}}
    • Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalahimah[http://www.qatarvisitor.com/index.php?cID=430&pID=1382 The Scourge of the Pirate Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715134241/http://www.qatarvisitor.com/index.php?cID=430&pID=1382 |date=2011-07-15 }} QatarVisitor
    • Raoul Walsh[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/08/archives/tv-focus-on-directors-raoul-walsh-is-rewarding-subject-in-channel.html TV: Focus on Directors; Raoul Walsh Is Rewarding Subject in Channel 13's 'Men Who Made Movies'] The New York Times
    • Ray Sawyer[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pvdLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Du4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5700,2855350&dq=ray-sawyer+eye+patch&hl=en Ray Sawyer] The Spokesman-Review, Dec 22, 1978
    • Richard Tesařík[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/historie-bourlivy-zivot-generala-tesarika-s-koncem-v-armade-se-nesmiril-zemrel-na-velikonoce-40280666 Richard Tesařík]
    • Richard W. Rahn[http://www.cato.org/people/richard-rahn Richard W. Rahn], Cato Institute. Accessed December 4, 2008.
    • Rich Williams[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DH&p_theme=dh&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FC8A853DB2B55FF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Kansas '70s superstars lead lineup of Celebration bands] By DAVID BURKE The Herald & Review August 4, 1999

    • Ron Hamilton[http://thebaptistvoice.com/categories/interviews/interview-ron-hamilton-patch-pirate Interview with Ron Hamilton (Patch the Pirate)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808063428/http://thebaptistvoice.com/categories/interviews/interview-ron-hamilton-patch-pirate |date=2014-08-08 }} The Baptist Voice{{failed verification|date=June 2017}}
    • Ruger
    • Salman Rushdie[https://sports.yahoo.com/actually-look-salman-rushdie-shares-194032716.html ‘What I actually look like’: Salman Rushdie shares first selfie since 2022 attack]
    • Sammy Davis Jr.
    • Sheila Gish[http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/sheila-gish-renowned-british-actress-of-stage-and-screen-1.60240 Sheila Gish Renowned British actress of stage and screen] by Carole woods Herald Scotland March 14, 2005
    • Sir Francis BryanWeir, Henry VIII, p. 262.
    • Slick Rick
    • Victor Page[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/24/sports/ncaabasketball/24page.html Without Bad Luck, He'd Have No Luck at All] by John Branch The New York Times March 24, 2006
    • Wiley Post[http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fpo27 POST, WILEY HARDEMAN] Texas State Historical Association

    {{div col end}}

In fiction

An eyepatch can be used in fiction to lend an additional dimension to a character, an air of mystery or general je ne sais quoi.{{cite web |url=https://thewritepractice.com/eyepatch-characterization-technique/ |title=This New Characterization Technique Could Transform Your Writing |author=Kellie McGann |work=The Write Practice |date=9 November 2016 |accessdate=June 27, 2021 |quote=What do we think when we see someone wearing an eyepatch? We immediately wonder. 'What happened? Is it real? Were they born that way? Was there an accident?' In other words, 'What’s the STORY?!'}}{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/sitepoint/how-a-5-cent-eye-patch-created-a-million-dollar-story-901b80c8135c |title=How a 5-cent Eye-Patch Created a Million Dollar Story |author=Alex Walker |date=November 11, 2015 |publisher=Medium.com |quote=Oglivy explained that the eye-patch was intended to turn the image from a 'product photo shoot' into a story. It seems silly to say, but most of us find it hard to look at this man without wondering: Who is he? How did he lose that eye? Was he in the war? Was it a bar fight? Is he a spy? |accessdate=June 27, 2021}}

See also

References

{{reflist|30em}}

External links

{{Sister project links |wikt=Eyepatch|commons=Eyepatch|b=no |n=no |q=no |s=no |v=no |species=no }}

  • [http://www.internationalorthoptics.org/ International Orthoptic Association]

{{Eyewear}}

{{Pirates}}

Category:Eyewear

Category:Maritime culture

Category:Medical equipment

Category:Ophthalmology