fringe-lipped bat

{{Speciesbox

| name = Fringe-lipped bat

| image = Trachops cirrhosus.jpg

| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1

| genus = Trachops

| parent_authority = Gray, 1847

| species = cirrhosus

| authority = (Spix, 1823)

| range_map = Distribution of Trachops cirrhosus.png

| range_map_caption = Distribution of the fringe-lipped bat

|status_ref={{cite iucn |author=Miller, B. |author2=Reid, F. |author3=Arroyo-Cabrales, J. |author4=Cuarón, A.D. |author5=de Grammont, P.C. |date=2015 |title=Trachops cirrhosus |volume=2015 |page=e.T22029A22042903 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22029A22042903.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

}}

The fringe-lipped bat (Trachops cirrhosus) is a leaf-nosed bat from southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. It has three subspecies and no known fossils. It is the only species within its genus.

Morphology

The fringe-lipped bat has wart-like bumps on its lips and muzzle, which give it its name. The bat has an overall color of a reddish brown with gray on its belly. The fur is long and woolly. It is medium in size, about 32 grams.Garog, A. 1999.Trachops cirrhosus (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. accessed December 4, 2008 at [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachops_cirrhosus.html].

The tail is short. It has a nose-leaf with serrated edges. It has two pairs of lower incisors with three pairs of lower premolars. The molars have tubercular depressions with w-shaped cusps. The rostrum is shorter than the braincase but equal to the width of the braincase. It has a low wing-aspect ratio and high wing loading.Cramer, M.J., Willig, M.R., & Jones, C. 2001.Trachops cirrhosus. Mammalian Species.656:1-6.

Reproduction and development

The fringe-lipped bat generally mates during the dry season in the tropics, usually from January to June. There is no real difference in appearance between the male and the female. It gives birth to one offspring at a time. The young can stay with the parents for a considerable amount of time.

Ecology

Its preferred habitat is near ponds or streams. It roosts in trees or hollow logs and sometimes in caves. It likes tropical dry and moist forests. Trachops cirrhosus is an opportunistic foliage-gleaning omnivore, eating mainly insects with some lizards, frogs (such as Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni),{{cite journal |last1=Ryan |first1=MJ |last2=Tuttle |first2=MD |last3=AS |first3=Rand |title=Bat predation and sexual advertisement in a neotropical anuran |journal=The American Naturalist |date=Jan 1982 |volume=119 |issue=1 |pages=136–139 |doi=10.1086/283899 |s2cid=84122867 |url=http://web.biosci.utexas.edu/ryan/Publications/1980-82/1982AmNat119-136.pdf |access-date=11 November 2019}}{{Cite journal |last1=Tuttle |first1=Merlin D. |last2=Ryan |first2=Michael J. |date=1981-11-06 |title=Bat Predation and the Evolution of Frog Vocalizations in the Neotropics |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.214.4521.677 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=214 |issue=4521 |pages=677–678 |doi=10.1126/science.214.4521.677 |pmid=17839660 |bibcode=1981Sci...214..677T |issn=0036-8075}} fruits, and seeds. In rare cases this species has been idententified eating bats such as Furipterus horrens.{{Cite journal|date=2009|title=Bat predation by the Fringe-lipped bat|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/mamm.2000.64.issue-2/mamm.2000.64.2.241/mamm.2000.64.2.241.xml|journal=Mammalia|volume=64|issue=2|pages=241–258|doi=10.1515/mamm.2000.64.2.241|issn=1864-1547}} It sometimes shares roosts with other species of bats. It is sometimes preyed upon by gray four-eyed opossums.

Behavior

Trachops cirrhosus roost in groups of up to 50 individuals and both sexes roost together. They emerge from the roosts early when there is still daylight because that is the best time to hunt frogs. They hunt in continuous flight or sally out from perches. They hunt by following sounds of insects and frogs and also by using echolocation. Some frog species, such as Smilisca sila, have evolved methods of acoustic crypsis to confuse auditory predators like T. cirrhosus. This is done by synchronizing the timing of calls.{{Cite journal |last1=Legett |first1=Henry D. |last2=Page |first2=Rachel A. |last3=Bernal |first3=Ximena E. |date=2019-10-09 |title=Synchronized mating signals in a communication network: the challenge of avoiding predators while attracting mates |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=286 |issue=1912 |pages=20191067 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2019.1067 |issn=0962-8452|doi-access=free |pmid=31594513 |pmc=6790779 }}

Conservation

The current conservation status of Trachops cirrhosus is least concern because its populations are currently stable.*{{cite iucn |author=Miller, B. |author2=Reid, F. |author3=Arroyo-Cabrales, J. |author4=Cuarón, A.D. |author5=de Grammont, P.C. |date=2015 |title=Trachops cirrhosus |volume=2015 |page=e.T22029A22042903 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22029A22042903.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

Because it is stable there are no conservation action plans. But because of its feeding habits, it is placed in a precarious position that puts it at a risk from human activity.