frula
{{Infobox instrument
|name=Frula
|image=Етнологија - фрула.jpg
|caption=A frula, in the collections of the Toplice National Museum, Prokuplje, Serbia.
|names=
|classification=
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|related=see list
}}
The frula ({{IPA|sh|frǔla|pron}}, {{lang-sr-Cyrl|фрула}}), also known as svirala (свирала) or jedinka, is a musical instrument which resembles a medium sized flute, traditionally played in rural Southeast Europe, primarily South Slavic countries. It is an end-blown aerophone with six holes, typically made of wood. The frula is a traditional instrument of South Slavic shepherds, who would play while tending their flocks.
For a list of similar instruments, see the section below.
Names
In Croatia, it is also commonly known as "jedinka".{{cite book|title=Rad kongresa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYgLAAAAIAAJ|year=1981|page=334}} Other local names in Croatia include žveglica, šaltva, kavela, ćurlik.{{cite book|title=Danica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFsoAQAAMAAJ|year=1951|publisher=Hrvatsko književno društvo sv. Ćirila i Metoda.|quote=Sviraljka s usnama »jedinka« (svirala, žveglica, šaltva, kavela, ćurlik, to su samo neka njezina lokalna imena)}} In English, the instrument has also simply been called the "Serbian flute".{{cite book|title=Scribner's Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfEqAQAAMAAJ|year=1922|publisher=Charles Scribner%27s Sons|page=269}}{{cite book|author=Charles Austin Beard|title=Toward Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3VCAAAAIAAJ|year=1930|publisher=Longmans, Green and Company|page=275}}
Overview
The frula is a small wooden flute with six holes.{{cite book|author=Christopher Deliso|title=Culture and Customs of Serbia and Montenegro|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mbATAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-34436-7|page=140}} In rural Southeast Europe, the frula was played by shepherds while tending their flocks. It is a traditional instrument of Serbia,{{cite book|author1=Dragoljub Zamurović|author2=Ilja Slani|author3=Madge Phillips-Tomašević|title=Serbia: life and customs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXAMAQAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=ULUPUDS|page=188|isbn=9788682893059 }} one of several aerophones used for leisure time, rituals, or accompanying the kolo (circle dance), along with long flutes (duduk, cevara), the double flute (dvojnice), and the bag-pipe (gajde).{{cite book|author=Don Michael Randel|title=The Harvard Dictionary of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02rFSecPhEsC&pg=PA771|year=2003|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-01163-2|pages=771–}}
Legacy
There are many events dedicated to the frula, such as the Prva pastirska frula in Jagnjilo, Dani Save Jeremića in Ražanj, sabori frulaša in Lelić and Prislonica, takmičenja frulaša in Iđoš, and Frula fest in Kruševac.{{cite web|url=http://www.teklareka.rs/index.php/internauti/item/767-edukativna-radionica-za-zastitu-frulaske-prakse-aj-cija-frula-po-unesku-svira/767-edukativna-radionica-za-zastitu-frulaske-prakse-aj-cija-frula-po-unesku-svira|title=Edukativna radionica za zaštitu frulaške prakse AJ, ČIJA FRULA PO UNESKU SVIRA|access-date=2015-04-08|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150408122639/http://www.teklareka.rs/index.php/internauti/item/767-edukativna-radionica-za-zastitu-frulaske-prakse-aj-cija-frula-po-unesku-svira/767-edukativna-radionica-za-zastitu-frulaske-prakse-aj-cija-frula-po-unesku-svira|archive-date=2015-04-08|url-status=dead}}
A popular Serbian folk song is Ej čija frula{{cite book|title=NIN: nedeljne informativne novine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdQTAQAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Politika|page=6|quote=а чувена је она српска пе- сма ових простора „Еј, чија фрула овим шором свира"}} ("O, whose frula"), recorded by, among others, Braća Bajić, Radiša Urošević and Cune Gojković.
;Other similar flutes
References
{{Reflist}}
- {{cite journal |author=Rastko S. Jakovljević |title=Man — Instrument — Sound: Aspects of the Development of Svirala in Serbia |url=https://www.academia.edu/37795460 |journal=Zbornik Matice srpske za scenske umetnosti i muziku |volume=41 |pages=93–112}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- {{cite journal | author = Silvana Djokić | title= Frula a dvojnice v kontextu srbské hudební tradice | url= http://is.muni.cz/th/161926/ff_b/Bakalarska_diplomova_prace.pdf | language = Czech | journal=Bakalářská Diplomová Práce| publisher= Masaryk University}}
{{commons category|Frula}}
{{Flutes}}
{{Serbian souvenirs}}
Category:Croatian musical instruments