sopilka
{{for|the Croatian double-reed horn|sopila}}
{{Infobox instrument
|name = Sopilka
|image = Sopilka-Prima-2023-Shaul.jpg
|caption = Sopilka Prima
|background = woodwind
|classification = Woodwind
|hornbostel_sachs = 421.111-12
|range = C3–G5
|related =
}}
Sopilka ({{audio|Uk-сопілка.ogg|сопілка}}, {{langx|uk|Cопiлка}}) is a name applied to a variety of woodwind instruments of the end-blown flute family used by Ukrainian folk instrumentalists.{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CO%5CSopilkaIT.htm|title=Sopilka|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Ukraine|volume=4|year=1993|language=en|access-date=2024-03-30}} Sopilka most commonly refers to a fife made of a variety of materials (but traditionally out of elderberry or viburnum wood) and has six to ten finger holes.{{cite web|url=https://crees.ku.edu/sopilka|title=Sopilka {{!}} Center for Russian, East European, & Eurasian Studies|publisher=University of Kansas|language=en|access-date=2024-03-30}} The term is also used to describe a related set of folk instruments similar to recorder, incorporating a fipple and having a constricted end.
Sopilkas are used by a variety of Ukrainian folkloric ensembles recreating the traditional music of the various sub-ethnicities in western Ukraine, most notably that of the Hutsuls of the Carpathian Mountains. Often employing several sopilkas in concert, a skilled performer can mimic a variety of sounds found in nature, including bird-calls and insects.
History
Sopilka is one of the oldest music instruments: the earliest known sopilka ever found is made of mammoth-bone and is from the Paleolithic age. It is also depicted in many 11th century's stories and paintings, such as a fresco in Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv. At first, it used to be solely a folk instrument, played by shepherds or by trios (named {{lang|uk|ktroisti myzyky}}) and sometimes played during weddings. It is also cited in the play The Forest Song by Lesya Ukrainka.
Modern usage
With the development of the 10 hole fingering instruments in 1967, sopilkas became part of the music education system in Ukraine. Pop groups began to use the instrument in their performances. The first was the folk rock group Kobza. More recently, the sopilka has found its way into the music of singer Ruslana, folk rock band Haydamaky, speed folk group Kubasonics,{{cite web|url=https://www.recorderhomepage.net/sopilka/|title=Recorder Home Page: Sopilka|last=Lander|first=Nicholas S.|year=1996–2024|website=Recorder Home Page|language=en|access-date=2024-03-30}} folktronica bands Onuka and Kazka, and flautist {{ill|Ihor Didenchuk|uk|Ігор Діденчук}} from the folktronica groups Go_A and Kalush.{{cite web|url=https://eurovision.tv/participant/go_a|title=2020 participants: Go_A|website=Eurovision.tv|language=en|access-date=2024-03-26}}
Varieties
Gallery
{{Gallery
|File:Sopilka "Dvodentsivka" XIX.jpg|Dvodentsivka (double dentsivka) from 19th century
|File:Поліська_дудка-викрутка.jpg|A shepherd from Polissia playing dudka-vykrutka, a local variety of sopilka|File:Лісова пісня реверс.jpeg|Lukash (playing the sopilka) and Mavka from The Forest Song on the reverse of the silver jubilee coin of the NBU}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- Dverij, R. – [http://sopilka.ho.ua Shkola hry na khromatychnii sopiltsi] - Lviv, 2008. - Part 1 - 72 pages, part 2 - 68 pages, part 3 - 64 pages.
- Humeniuk, A. – Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty - Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1967
- Mizynec, V. – Ukrainian Folk Instruments - Melbourne: Bayda books, 1984
- Cherkaskyi, L. – Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty - Tekhnika, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2003 - 262 pages. {{ISBN|966-575-111-5}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070108213036/http://home.att.net/%7Ebandura.ca/VMfolkBook/wind.html Ukrainian Folk Wind Instruments]
- [http://www.crees.ku.edu/~crees/outreach/documents/sopilka.pdf]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20101202041233/http://vasyltkach.com/ru/content/samples Samples and Pictures of Ukrainian Instruments]
{{Flutes}}
{{Authority control}}