glen

File:Raven's Craig Glen.JPG, Scotland]]

The word is Goidelic in origin: gleann in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, glion in Manx. In Manx, glan is also to be found meaning glen. It is cognate with Welsh glyn.{{cn|date=August 2016}} Whittow defines it as a "Scottish term for a deep valley in the Highlands" that is "narrower than a strath".{{Cite book |last=Whittow |first=John |title=Dictionary of Physical Geography |publisher=Penguin |year=1984 |isbn=0-14-051094-X |location=London}}.

Examples in Northern England, such as Glenridding, Westmorland, or Glendue, near Haltwhistle, Northumberland, are thought to derive from the aforementioned Cumbric cognate, or another Brythonic equivalent. This likely underlies some examples in Southern Scotland.{{pn|date=February 2024}}

As the name of a river, it is thought to derive from the Irish word glan meaning clean, or the Welsh word gleindid meaning purity. An example is the Glens of Antrim in Northern Ireland where nine glens radiate out from the Antrim plateau to the sea along the coast between Ballycastle and Larne.{{cn|date=August 2016}}

File:Robert's Glen, circa 1877 - DPLA - ca6d90442a3574b7551b029c31a71c84.jpg

File:Glenorchy at the Head of Lake Wakatipu.jpg, New Zealand]]

The designation "glen" also occurs often in place names such as Great Glen and Glenrothes in Scotland; Glendalough, Glenswilly, Glen of Aherlow, Glen of Imaal and the Glens of Antrim in Ireland;{{cite web|url=https://www.thebottleimp.org.uk/2013/11/gaelic-place-names-gleann-and-srath/|title=Gaelic PlaceNames: Gleann And Srath|website=thebottleimp|date=November 2013 }} Glenn Norman in Canada; Glendale, Glen Ellen and Klamath Glen in California, Glenview and Homer Glen in Illinois, and Glenrock in Wyoming; Glenview, Glen Waverley, Glen Eira, Glengowrie, Glen Huntly and Glen Forrest in Australia; and Glenorchy, Glendowie, Glen Eden, Glenledi, Glenomaru, Glen Massey, Glen Murray, Glenleith, Glendhu Bay, Glenbrook, and Glen Innes in New Zealand.{{cn|date=August 2016}}

In the Finger Lakes region of New York State, the southern ends of Seneca Lake and Cayuga Lake in particular are etched with glens, although in this region the term "glen" refers most frequently to a narrow gorge, as opposed to a wider valley or strath. The steep hills surrounding these lakes are filled with loose shale from glacial moraines. This material has eroded over the past 10,000 years to produce rocky glens (e.g., Watkins Glen, Fillmore Glen State Park and Treman State Parks) and waterfalls (e.g., Taughannock Falls) as rainwater has flowed down toward the lakes below.{{cn|date=August 2016}}

Many place-names in Scotland with "glen" derive from the Gaelic gleann ("deep valley"), with some being from the cognates in the Brittonic languages Cumbric and Pictish or from the Gaelic loanword glen in Scots.

• Glenalmond, Perthshire
• Glen Affric, Inverness-shire
• Glenbarton, Dumfriesshire - from Gaelic *gleann-Breatann, or else Brittonic glyn-Brython ("Briton valley").{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan G. |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence |url=https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2023_edition.pdf |website=Scottish Place-Name Society |access-date=5 February 2024}}{{pn|date=February 2024}}
• Glencairn, Dumfriesshire
• Glen Coe, Argyll
• Glencortas, Fife - from Gaelic gleann + possibly coirthe ("standing stone") + as (locational suffix).
• Glendevon, Perthsihire
• Glendevon, Lanarkshire
• Glendivan, Dumfriesshire
• Glendow, Dumfriesshire - from Middle Irish glenn-dubh or Brittonic glyn-du ("dark valley").
• Glen Doll, Perthshire
• Glenduckie, Fife - from Gaelic gleann + possibly duaigh ("evil") + -in (suffix).{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Simon |url=https://fife-placenames.glasgow.ac.uk/ |website=Fife Place Name Data |access-date=5 February 2024 |title=Fife Place-name Data}}
• Glen Etive, Argyll
• Glengaber, Dumfriesshire
• Glenkens, Kirkcudbrightshire - Brittonic glyn + Ken (river name).{{pn|date=February 2024}}
• Glenlochar, Kirkcudbrighshire
• Glen Ogle, Perthshire
• Glenrothes, Fife - from Scots glen + Rothes.
• Glensax, Peeblesshire
• Glensaxon, Dumfriesshire
• Glen Shiel, Ross and Cromarty
• Glentanner, Selkirkshire
• Glentenmont, Dumfriesshire
• Glenturk, Wigtownshire
• Glenturret, Perthshire
• Glen Vale, Fife - from Gaelic gleann-a’-bhealaich ("glen of the pass").

Some place-names in England contain the element "Glen". Many of these are derived from Brittonic cognates of Gaelic gleann (Welsh glyn).

• Glencoyne, Cumberland - Brittonic glyn or Middle Irish glenn + possibly a river name.{{pn|date=February 2024}}
• Glendinning, Cumberland - Brittonic glyn or Middle Irish glen + Brittonic din ("fort") + an/in (suffix).{{pn|date=February 2024}}
• Glendon, Devon - possibly a hybrid of Cornish glyn and Old English dun ("hill").
• Glendowlin, Westmorland - Brittonic glyn or Middle Irish glenn + earlier Brittonic du ("black") + llyn ("pool").{{pn|date=February 2024}}
• Glendue, Northumberland
• Glendurgan, Cornwall - from Cornish glynn ("deep valley") + dowrgeun ("otters").
• Glenridding, Westmorland - equivalent to Old Welsh glinnredin ("bracken valley").
• Glyn Morlas, Shropshire
• Glynn Kenyel, Cornwall - from Cornish glynn ("deep valley") + ken ("meeting, confluence") + yel (adjectival suffix).{{cite web |url=https://www.akademikernewek.org.uk/place-names/a-z |website=Henwyn Tyller Place Names |access-date=5 February 2024 |title=Hwilas / Search }}

Note that some place-names in England with "Glen", such as Glen Parva in Leicestershire, are actually more likely to derive from river-names named with Brittonic glan ("shining").{{cite web |title=Survey of English Place-Names |url=http://epns.nottingham.ac.uk/ |website=English Place-Name Society}}

Some place-names in Wales contain the element glyn ("valley").

• Emlyn, Pembrokshire, from am-glyn ("at the valley"){{cite book |last1=Owen |first1=Hywel Wyn |title=The place-names of Wales |date=1998 |location=Cardiff |isbn=0708314589 |url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofwale0000owen |access-date=12 February 2024}}
• Glynceiriog, Denbighshire
• Glyncorrwg, Glamorgan
• Glynneath, Glamorgan
• Glynrhonwy, Carnarfonshire
• Glyn Tarell, Brecknockshire

• Glen Maye, Glenfaba
• Glen Wyllin, Kirk Michael
• Silverdale Glen, Malhew
• Tholt-y-Will Glen, Lezayre - also known as Sulby Glen

• {{annotated link|High valley}}
• {{annotated link|Strath}}
• Dale (landform)

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{{Rivers, streams and springs}}

Category:Landforms

Category:Slope landforms

Category:Valleys