hook-billed vanga

{{Short description|Species of bird}}

{{Speciesbox

| name = Hook-billed vanga

| image = Hook-billed vanga female vanga curvirostris.jpg

| image_caption = nesting in Anjajavy Forest

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Vanga curvirostris |volume=2016 |page=e.T22708020A94146138 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22708020A94146138.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

| genus = Vanga

| parent_authority = Vieillot, 1816

| species = curvirostris

| authority = (Linnaeus, 1766)

| synonyms = Lanius curvirostris {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}}

}}

The hook-billed vanga (Vanga curvirostris) is a species of bird in the family Vangidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the hook-billed vanga in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected on the island of Madagascar. He used the French name L'écorcheur de Madagascar and the Latin Collurio Madagascariensis.{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=2 | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=191–193, Plate 19 fig 1 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36011415 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.{{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | hdl=2246/678 }} When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the hook-billed vanga. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Lanius curvirostris and cited Brisson's work.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=135 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946331 }} It is now the only species placed in the genus Vanga that was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816.{{cite book | last=Vieillot | first=Louis Pierre | author-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | title=Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire | publisher=Deterville/self | year=1816 | location=Paris | page = 41 | language=French| url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f47.image }}

The genus name Vanga is the Malagasy name for the species. The specific epithet curvirostris is from Latin curvus "curved" and -rostrum "billed".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n125/mode/1up 125], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n398y/mode/1up 398]}}

Two subspecies are recognised:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Batises, woodshrikes, bushshrikes, vangas | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/batises/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=21 June 2018 }}

• V. c. curvirostris (Linnaeus, 1766) – west, north, east Madagascar
• V. c. cetera Bangs, 1928 – south Madagascar

A 2018 study on avian skull evolution has concluded that the ancestral neornithe had a beak most similar to this species. This suggests a similar ancestral ecological niche for modern birds.{{ cite journal | last1=Felice | first1=Ryan N. | last2=Goswami | first2=Anjali | year=2018 | title=Developmental origins of mosaic evolution in the avian cranium | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume=115 | issue=3 | pages=555–560 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1716437115 | doi-access=free | pmid=29279399 | pmc=5776993| bibcode=2018PNAS..115..555F }}