hyperphoton
{{Short description|Hypothetical particle}}
A hyperphoton is a hypothetical particleЮ.В. Катышев, Д.Л. Новиков, Э.А. Полферов Англо-русский словарь по физике высоких энергий. - М., Русский язык, 1984. - c. 162 with a very low mass and spin equal to one. The hypothesis of the existence of hyperphotons is an explanation for the violation of CP-invariance in the two-pion decay of a long-lived neutral kaon .{{cite journal | last1=Bernstein | first1=J. |author-link1=Jeremy Bernstein| last2=Cabibbo | first2=N. |author-link2=Nicola Cabibbo| last3=Lee | first3=T.D. |author-link3=Tsung-Dao Lee| title=CP invariance and the 2π decay mode of the | journal=Physics Letters | volume=12 | issue=2 | year=1964 | issn=0031-9163 | doi=10.1016/0031-9163(64)91142-4 | pages=146–148| bibcode=1964PhL....12..146B |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/344883/files/CM-P00056959.pdf}}{{cite journal | last1=Bell | first1=J. S. | last2=Perring | first2=J. K. | title=2π Decay of the Meson | journal=Physical Review Letters | volume=13 | issue=10 | date=1964-09-07 | issn=0031-9007 | doi=10.1103/physrevlett.13.348 | pages=348–349| bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..348B }}{{cite journal | last=Phillips | first=Peter R. | title=New Tests for the Invariance of the Vacuum State Under the Lorentz Group | journal=Physical Review | volume=139 | issue=2B | date=1965-07-26 | issn=0031-899X | doi=10.1103/physrev.139.b491 | pages=B491–B494| bibcode=1965PhRv..139..491P }} According to this hypothesis, there is a long-range very weak field generated by hypercharged particles (for example, baryons), whose quantum carrier is a hyperphoton, which acts differently on and mesons whose hypercharges differ in signs.
Criticism of the hypothesis
This hypothesis contradicts a number of experimental data and theoretical principles of physics. Thus, it follows that the probability of two-photon decay of a long-lived neutral kaon is proportional to the square of the kaon energy in the laboratory reference frame, which does not agree with experimental data on its independence from the kaon energy.{{cite journal | last=Okun | first=Lev B. |author-link=Lev Okun| title=Нарушение CP-инвариантности|trans-title=The violation of CP invariance | journal=Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk | volume=89 | issue=8 | year=1966 | issn=0042-1294 | doi=10.3367/ufnr.0089.196608d.0603 | pages=603–646 | language=ru| doi-access=free }} The experimental data also contradict such a consequence of this hypothesis as a very high probability of hyperphoton emission during the decay of a long-lived neutral kaon{{cite journal | last=Weinberg | first=Steven |author-link=Steven Weinberg| title=Do Hyperphotons Exist? | journal=Physical Review Letters | volume=13 | issue=15 | date=1964-10-12 | issn=0031-9007 | doi=10.1103/physrevlett.13.495 | pages=495–497| bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..495W }} and when a charged kaon decays into a one charged pion.{{cite journal | last1=Bouchiat | first1=C. | last2=Iliopoulos | first2=J. | title=On the possible existence of a light vector meson coupled to the hypercharge current | journal=Physics Letters B | volume=169 | issue=4 | year=1986 | issn=0370-2693 | doi=10.1016/0370-2693(86)90388-6 | pages=447–449| bibcode=1986PhLB..169..447B }} This hypothesis implicitly uses the action at a distance rejected by modern physics. In addition, it implies a violation of the equivalence principle.Любошиц В.Л., Оконов Э.О., Подгорецкий М.И. [http://inis.jinr.ru/sl/NTBLIB/JINR-D-1925.pdf Галактическое поле гиперзарядов и распад долгоживущих нейтральных K-мезонов на два пи-мезона] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129124328/http://inis.jinr.ru/sl/NTBLIB/JINR-D-1925.pdf |date=2022-01-29 }} // Ядерная физика 1, 490 (1965).