jogging

{{Short description|Slow running performed as a form of exercise}}

File:Girls jog along Morro Strand State Beach.jpg, California, U.S.]]

Jogging is a form of trotting or running at a slow or leisurely pace. The main intention is to increase physical fitness with less stress on the body than from faster running but more than walking, or to maintain a steady speed for longer periods of time. Performed over long distances, it is a form of aerobic endurance training.

Definition

File:HK Ap Lei Chau Wind Tower Park 鴨脷洲風之谷公園 visitors 緩跑徑 Jogging track April-2012.JPG]]

Jogging is running at a gentle pace;{{cite web|work=Oxford Dictionaries |title=jogging |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/jogging|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721035727/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/jogging|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 21, 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=22 January 2014}} its definition, as compared with running, is not standard. In general, jogging speed is between {{Convert|4 and 6|mph|km/h}}.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/health_and_fitness/4286146.stm Are you running properly?] at BBC Sport

History

File:Villa del Casale - mosaique femme sport.jpeg

The word jog originated in England in the mid-16th century.{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jog|title=Jog |work=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|access-date=3 December 2014}} The etymology is unknown, but it may be related to shog or have been a new invention.{{Cite web |title=jog {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of jog |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/jog |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=etymonline |language=en}} In 1593, William Shakespeare wrote in Taming of the Shrew, "you may be jogging whiles your boots are green". At that point, it usually meant to leave.Crystal, David. Think On My Words: Exploring Shakespeare's Language, Cambridge University Press, 2008. {{ISBN|9780521876940}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=wKx9aaj1ZK0C&dq=jog+etymology&pg=PA238 on p. 237] at Google Books

The term jog was often used in English and North American literature to describe short quick movements, either intentional or unintentional.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}} It is also used to describe a quick, sharp shake or jar.{{Cite web |date=2016-04-18 |title=The Dreaded J-Word |url=https://www.runnersworld.com/runners-stories/a20793158/the-dreaded-j-word/ |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=Runner's World |language=en-US}} Richard Jefferies, an English naturalist, wrote of "joggers", describing them as quickly moving people who brushed others aside as they passed.Jeffries, Richard. [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/thpnr10.txt The Open Air] at Project Gutenberg This usage became common throughout the British Empire, and in his 1884 novel My Run Home, the Australian author Rolf Boldrewood wrote, "Your bedroom curtains were still drawn as I passed on my morning jog."

In the United States, jogging was called "roadwork" when athletes in training, such as boxers, customarily ran several miles each day as part of their conditioning.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}} In New Zealand during the 1960s or 1970s, the word "roadwork" was mostly supplanted by the word "jogging", promoted by coach Arthur Lydiard, who is credited with popularizing jogging. The idea of jogging as an organised activity was mooted in a sports page article in The New Zealand Herald in February 1962, which told of a group of former athletes and fitness enthusiasts who would meet once a week to run for "fitness and sociability". Since they would be jogging, the newspaper suggested that the club "may be called the Auckland Joggers' Club"—which is thought to be the first use of the noun "jogger". University of Oregon track coach Bill Bowerman, after jogging with Lydiard in New Zealand in 1962, started a joggers' club in Eugene in early 1963.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=T7pQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OOMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2989%2C558389 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |last=Leutzinger |first=Dick |title=Bowerman calls joggers' turnout at first meeting 'very gratifying'|date=February 4, 1963 |page=3B}} He published the book Jogging in 1966, popularizing jogging in the United States.

Exercise

Jogging may also be used as a warm up or cool down for runners, preceding or following a workout or race. It is often used by serious runners as a means of active recovery during interval training. For example, a runner who completes a fast 400 meter repetition at a sub-5-minute mile pace (3 minute km) may drop to an 8-minute mile jogging pace (5 minute km) for a recovery lap.

Jogging is an effective way to boost endurance and improve cardiovascular health while placing less stress on the joints and circulatory system compared to more intense exercises.

Benefits

According to a study by Stanford University School of Medicine, jogging is effective in increasing human lifespan, and decreasing the effects of aging,[http://med.stanford.edu/news_releases/2008/august/running.html Running slows the aging clock, Stanford researchers find] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403230946/http://med.stanford.edu/news_releases/2008/august/running.html |date=2014-04-03 }}, Stanford School of Medicine Press Release with benefits for the cardiovascular system. Jogging is useful for fighting obesity and staying healthy.{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-011-6719-2 |title=Nutrition and Exercise in Obesity Management |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-6719-2.pdf#page=104}} However, individuals who are obese should exercise jogging with caution, as the risk of injury increases.{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-011-6719-2 |title=Nutrition and Exercise in Obesity Management |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-6719-2.pdf#page=104}}

File:SÄPO Joggen i Almedalen 2015 (25014840513).jpg jogging event in Sweden]]

The National Cancer Institute has performed studies that suggest jogging and other types of aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of lung, colon, breast and prostate cancers, among others.{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/prevention/physicalactivity|title=Physical Activity and Cancer|publisher=National Cancer Institute |access-date=3 December 2014}} It is suggested by the American Cancer Society that jogging for at least 30 minutes five days a week can help in cancer prevention.{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.org/healthy/eathealthygetactive/acsguidelinesonnutritionphysicalactivityforcancerprevention/acs-guidelines-on-nutrition-and-physical-activity-for-cancer-prevention-intro|title=American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention|publisher=cancer.org|access-date=3 December 2014|archive-date=16 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116194424/http://www.cancer.org/healthy/eathealthygetactive/acsguidelinesonnutritionphysicalactivityforcancerprevention/acs-guidelines-on-nutrition-and-physical-activity-for-cancer-prevention-intro|url-status=dead}}

File:Jogging - near arakawa river - tokyo japan - 2022 may 3.webm

While jogging on a treadmill will provide health benefits such as cancer prevention, and aid in weight loss, a study published in BMC Public Health reports that jogging outdoors can have the additional benefits of increased energy and concentration. Jogging outdoors is a better way to improve energy levels and advance mood than using a treadmill.{{cite journal|last1=Bowler|first1=Diana E|last2=Buyung-Ali|first2=Lisette M|last3=Knight|first3=Teri M|last4=Pullin|first4=Andrew S|title=A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments|journal=BMC Public Health|date=4 August 2010|volume=10|issue=1|page=456|doi=10.1186/1471-2458-10-456|pmc=2924288|pmid=20684754 |doi-access=free }}

Jogging also prevents muscle and bone damage that often occurs with age, improves heart performance and blood circulation and assists in preserving a balanced weight gain.

A Danish study released in 2015 reported that "light" and "moderate" jogging were associated with reduced mortality compared to both non-jogging and "strenuous" jogging. The optimal amount per week was 1 to 2.4 hours, the optimal frequency was less than or equal to 3 times per week and the optimal speed was "slow" or "average".{{cite web|url=http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleID=2108914|title=Dose of Jogging and Long-Term Mortality The Copenhagen City Heart Study|date=February 2015|access-date=5 February 2015}} A recent meta-analysis on running/jogging and mortality, including more than 230,000 participants found that runners were at 27% lower risk of death than non-runners, during 5.5-35 year follow-ups.{{Cite journal|last1=Pedisic|first1=Z. |last2=Shrestha|first2=N.|last3=Kovalchik|first3=S.|last4=Stamatakis|first4=E.|last5=Liangruenrom |first5=N. |last6=Grgic| first6=J.| last7=Titze| first7=S.| last8=Biddle| first8= Stuart JH. | last9=Bauman| first9=A.| last10=Oja| first10=P.| date=2019|title=Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal= British Journal of Sports Medicine|volume=54 |issue=15 |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2018-100493 | pages=bjsports–2018 | pmid=31685526|s2cid=207895264 |url=https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40291/1/Pedisic_etal%282020%29-Is_running_associated_with_alower_risk.pdf }}

References

External links

Category:Aerobic exercise

Category:New Zealand inventions

Category:Physical exercise