kinnow

File:Kinnow tree.JPG

In a hot climate, plants can grow up to {{convert|35|ft}} high.{{cite web|url=http://newitworld.com/kinnow-stomach-reformer-appetizerblood-purifier-body-recovering-foods-acidity-shooter-boon/ |title=newitworld.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204100316/http://newitworld.com/kinnow-stomach-reformer-appetizerblood-purifier-body-recovering-foods-acidity-shooter-boon/ |archive-date=2015-02-04}} Kinnow trees are highly productive; it is not uncommon to find 1,000 fruits per tree.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

The fruit matures in January or February. It peels easily and has a high juice content.

The high seed content in this variety is a major hindrance in out-of-hand eating. Mikeal Roose{{Cite web|url=http://newsroom.ucr.edu/2602|title=UCR Newsroom: UC Riverside releases new citrus variety: 'KinnowLS'|website=newsroom.ucr.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-05-19}} of University of California, Riverside, USA developed a low seeded kinnow and this variety was released under the name 'Kinnow LS' in the year 2011. H. S. Rattanpal{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/cross-pollination-pau-low-seeded-kinnow-scores-over-pak-variety/|title=Cross pollination: PAU low seeded kinnow scores over Pak variety|date=2015-04-02|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-05-19|language=en-US}} of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India developed a low seeded kinnow through mutation breeding and recommended it under the name 'PAU Kinnow-1' in 2015. In Pakistan, a seedless kinnow has been developed (using the selection method) by Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry,{{cite web | url=http://defence.pk/threads/pakistan-currently-the-largest-kinnow-grower.84281/ | title=Pakistan, currently the largest kinnow grower | date=12 December 2010 }}{{Cite web |url=http://aslpdairy.pk/en/files/ASLP%20Review%20Report.pdf |title=ASLP Review Report |access-date=2015-12-06 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043729/http://aslpdairy.pk/en/files/ASLP%20Review%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead }} a team member of the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) in Islamabad[http://www.parc.gov.pk/index.php/en/2013-04-11-06-13-50/narc-islamabad National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC).] and the former director of the Citrus Research Institute in Sargodha.

Most of the target export markets of kinnow from India and Pakistan are those of developing countries. Only 2.6 percent of kinnow exports target the markets of developed countries, which is due to the emerging demand for seedless kinnow by the developed countries. About 61 percent of total world exports of oranges and mandarins are of seedless varieties. Some important export markets for kinnow are: Iran, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Afghanistan, Netherlands, Philippines, Singapore, the United Kingdom, Russia and Vietnam.[http://www.parc.gov.pk/articles/fruits_wto.html Marketing of Fruits Under WTO Regime, Dr. M. Sharif and Burhan Ahmad, Social Sciences Institute, NARC Islamabad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211124322/http://www.parc.gov.pk/articles/fruits_wto.html |date=2008-12-11 }} Indonesia has also offered market access to kinnow from Pakistan at zero per cent.{{cite news

| title = Indonesia, Pakistan ink trade agreement

| publisher = Investvine.com

| date = 2013-02-17

| url= http://investvine.com/indonesia-pakistan-ink-trade-agreement/

| access-date =2013-02-21}} Over 40% of the Pakistani exports of kinnows went to Russia in 2015.{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/850579/kinnow-demand-over-40-of-exports-go-to-russian-market/|title=Kinnow demand: Over 40% of exports go to Russian market|work=The Express Tribune|date=9 March 2015 }} Internally, the prices of kinnow in Pakistan dropped more than 50% between 2016 and 2020.{{Cite web|url=https://deliverit.pk/price-trends/|title=Retail Prices of Kinnow in Pakistan from 2015-2020|website=Deliver It - Online Sabzi Mandi / Grocery Store in Islamabad|access-date=2020-03-07|archive-date=2020-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414115718/https://deliverit.pk/price-trends/|url-status=dead}} The government of Pakistan is in the process of registration of kinnow as a Geographical Indication (GI). Pakistan's Ministry of Commerce notified Sarogodha Kinnow as a GI on 28 August 2021.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

File:Harvesting Kinnow.JPG

Kinnow fruit seeds are planted between August and October. Harvesting starts when the fruit's external colour becomes orange, from December to February. The best harvesting time is mid-January to mid-February, when the fruit attains a TSS/acid ratio of 12:1 to 14:1. The fruit quality declines in later pickings. Fruits are harvested by clipping the stem with the help of sharp clippers (secateurs). The stem is cut as short as possible to avoid mechanical injury to the fruit in packing and transits. As it is a comparatively loose rind fruit, harvesting by pulling fruits with one's hands is avoided. Coating kinnow fruits with commercial waxes can increase the shelf life up to 60 days. The fruit can be stored in cold storage at a temperature of {{convert|4|–|5|C}} and a relative humidity of 85–90%.{{Cite web|url=http://web.pau.edu/content/pf/Citrus_Cultivation.pdf|title=Citrus cultivation in Punjab|website=Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India}}

File:Kinnow packing.jpg

File:Kinnow products.JPG

Food processing includes the selection of good-quality fruit. The ideal kinnow is firm to slightly soft, smooth-skinned with no deep grooves, and deep orange to almost red. Human hands can better judge and avoid product with soft spots, dull and faded coloring or rough and bumpy skin. Many processing technologies have been developed by state agricultural universities and other research institutes of India. Kinnow fruits can be stored at room temperature conditions or under cold storage conditions.

File:Kinnow Flowers.jpg|Kinnow Flowers

{{reflist}}

• [https://deliverit.pk/price-trends/ Retail Prices of Kinnow in Pakistan from 2015-2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414115718/https://deliverit.pk/price-trends/ |date=2020-04-14 }}

• {{commons category-inline|Kinnow}}

{{Citrus|state=collapsed}}

Category:Citrus hybrids

Category:Agriculture in California

Category:Crops originating from the United States

Category:1935 in California

Category:Food and drink introduced in 1935

Category:Citrus