lead(II) fluoride
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 441050744
| Name = Lead(II) fluoride
| ImageFile = Fluorid olovnatý.PNG
| ImageFile2 =CaF2 polyhedra.png
| ImageName =
| OtherNames = Lead difluoride
plumbous fluoride
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7783-46-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 291824BBS4
| PubChem = 124123
| ChemSpiderID = 22955
| SMILES = F[Pb]F
| StdInChI = 1S/2FH.Pb/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
| StdInChIKey = FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = PbF2
| MolarMass = 245.20 g/mol
| Appearance = white powder
| Odor = odorless
| Density = 8.445 g/cm3 (orthorhombic)
7.750 g/cm3 (cubic)
| Solubility = 0.057 g/100 mL (0 °C)
0.0671 g/100 mL (20 °C)[https://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd166.pdf NIST-data review 1980]
| SolubilityProduct = 2.05·10−8 (20 °C)
| SolubleOther = soluble in nitric acid and hydrochloric acid;
insoluble in acetone and ammonia
| MeltingPtC = 824
| BoilingPtC = 1293
| MagSus = −58.1·10−6 cm3/mol
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = Fluorite (cubic), cF12
| SpaceGroup = Fm3m, No. 225 }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| LD50 = 3031 mg/kg (oral, rat)
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCations = Difluorocarbene
Difluorosilylene
Difluorogermylene
Stannous fluoride
| OtherAnions = Lead(II) chloride
Lead(II) bromide
Lead(II) iodide
}}
}}
Lead(II) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula PbF2. It is a white solid. The compound is polymorphic, at ambient temperatures it exists in orthorhombic (PbCl2 type) form, while at high temperatures it is cubic (Fluorite type).{{cite journal | last1=Haines | first1=J. | last2=Léger | first2=J. M. | last3=Schulte | first3=O. | title=High-pressure isosymmetric phase transition in orthorhombic lead fluoride | journal=Physical Review B | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=57 | issue=13 | date=1998-04-01 | issn=0163-1829 | doi=10.1103/physrevb.57.7551 | pages=7551–7555| bibcode=1998PhRvB..57.7551H }}
Preparation
Lead(II) fluoride can be prepared by treating lead(II) hydroxide or lead(II) carbonate with hydrofluoric acid:
: Pb(OH)2 + 2 HF → PbF2 + 2 H2O
Alternatively, it is precipitated by adding hydrofluoric acid to a lead(II) salt solution, or by adding a fluoride salt to a lead salt, such as potassium fluoride to a lead(II) nitrate solution,Arnold Hollemann, Egon Wiberg, 101st ed., de Gruyter 1995 Berlin; {{ISBN|3-11-012641-9}}
: 2 KF + Pb(NO3)2 → PbF2 + 2 KNO3
or sodium fluoride to a lead(II) acetate solution.
: 2 NaF + Pb(CH3COO)2 → PbF2 + 2 NaCH3COO
It appears as the very rare mineral fluorocronite.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/min-40179.html|title = Fluorocronite}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm|title=List of Minerals|date=21 March 2011}}
Uses
Lead(II) fluoride is used in low melting glasses, in glass coatings to reflect infrared rays, in phosphors for television-tube screens, and as a catalyst for the manufacture of picoline.{{Ullmann|first=Dodd S.|last=Carr|title=Lead Compounds|doi=10.1002/14356007.a15_249}} The Muon g−2 experiment uses {{chem|Pb|F|2}} crystals in conjunction with silicon photomultipliers. High energy charged particles create Cerenkov light as they pass through the crystals, which is measured by the silicon photomultipliers.{{cite journal |arxiv=1905.04407 |doi=10.1016/j.nima.2019.162558 |title=
It also serves as an oxygen scavenger in high-temperature fluorine chemistry, as plumbous oxide is relatively volatile.{{cite journal|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-31045-5.pdf|journal=Scientific Reports|title=Growth and characterization of thorium‑doped calcium fluoride single crystals|first1=Kjeld|last1=Beeks|first2=Tomas|last2=Sikorsky|first3=Veronika|last3=Rosecker|first4=Martin|last4=Pressler|first5=Fabian|last5=Schaden|first6=David|last6=Werban|first7=Niyusha|last7=Hosseini|first8=Lukas|last8=Rudischer|first9=Felix|last9=Schneider|first10=Patrick|last10=Berwian|first11=Jochen|last11=Friedrich|first12=Dieter|last12=Hainz|first13=Jan|last13=Welch|first14=Johannes H.|last14=Sterba|first15=Georgy|last15=Kazakov|first16=Thorsten|last16=Schumm|year=2023|volume=13|issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-31045-5|pages=3897–|pmid=36890210 |pmc=9995343 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.3897B }}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Lead compounds}}
{{fluorine compounds}}
Category:Phosphors and scintillators