light-gun shooter

"Light-gun shooters", "light-gun games" or "gun games" are games in which the protagonist shoots at targets, whether antagonists or objects, and which use a gun-shaped controller (termed a "light gun") with which the player aims. While light-gun games may feature a first-person perspective, they are distinct from first-person shooters, which use more conventional input devices. Light-gun games which feature "on-rails" movement are sometimes termed "rail shooters", though this term is also applied to other types of shooters featuring similar movement.Hilary, Goldstein, [http://uk.xbox.ign.com/articles/382/382195p1.html Panzer Dragoon Orta] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307064556/http://uk.xbox.ign.com/articles/382/382195p1.html |date=2009-03-07 }}, IGN, Jan 10, 2003, Accessed Mar 1, 2009 The light gun itself is so termed because it functions through the use of a light sensor: pulling the trigger allows it to detect light from the on-screen targets.

File:Duck hunt pic.PNG

Targets in light-gun shooters may be threatening antagonists such as criminals, terrorists or zombies,[http://uk.ngage.ign.com/articles/528/528915p1.html Virtua Cop] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220142509/http://uk.ngage.ign.com/articles/528/528915p1.html |date=2012-02-20 }}, IGN, July 7, 2004, Accessed Feb 27, 2009Jeff Haynes,[http://uk.ps3.ign.com/articles/836/836596p1.html Time Crisis 4 Review], IGN, Nov 19, 2007, Accessed Mar 29, 2008Anderson, Lark, [http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/houseofthedead2and3return/review.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gssummary&tag=summary;read-review The House of the Dead 2 & 3 Return Review], GameSpot, Mar 29, 2008, Accessed Feb 27, 2009 or they may be inanimate objects such as apples or bottles.Fielder, Lauren, [https://www.gamespot.com/amp-reviews/point-blank-review/1900-2548935/ Point Blank Review], GameSpot, Dec 23, 1997, Accessed Feb 27, 2009 Although these games may be played without a light gun, the use of more conventional input methods has been deemed inferior. Light-gun shooters typically feature generic action or horror themes,Davis, Ryan, [https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&channel=ipod_bm&source=hp&ei=s-6EXqTRN5a3tQbp9aPYBw&q=Davis%2C+Ryan%2C+Resident+Evil%3A+The+Umbrella+Chronicles+Review%2C+GameSpot%2C+Nov+15%2C+2007&oq=Davis%2C+Ryan%2C+Resident+Evil%3A+The+Umbrella+Chronicles+Review%2C+GameSpot%2C+Nov+15%2C+2007&gs_lcp=ChFtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1ocBADUIcQWIcQYKwTaABwAHgAgAFOiAFOkgEBMZgBAKABAqABAbABAA&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-hp Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles Review], GameSpot, Nov 15, 2007, Accessed Mar 1, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20121025175308/http://uk.gamespot.com/resident-evil-the-umbrella-chronicles/reviews/resident-evil-the-umbrella-chronicles-review-6182921/ Archived] from the original on October 25, 2012 on the Wayback Machine. though some later games employ more humorous, self-referential styles.Davis, Ryan, [https://www.gamespot.com/amp-reviews/ghost-squad-review/1900-6183411/ Ghost Squad Review], GameSpot, Nov 28, 2007, Accessed Mar 1, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20121010001257/http://uk.gamespot.com/ghost-squad/reviews/ghost-squad-review-6183411/ Archived] from the original on October 10, 2012.

Light-gun shooters primarily revolve around shooting large numbers of enemies attacking in waves. The protagonist may be required to defend themself by taking cover, or by shooting incoming thrown weapons, such as axes or grenades. The player may also compete against the clock, however, with some games also featuring boss battles. Games may also reward the player for accurate shooting, with extra points, power-ups or secrets. Games which do not pit the player against antagonists instead feature elaborate challenges constructed mainly from inanimate objects, testing the player's speed and accuracy. More conventional games may feature these types of challenges as minigames.

Light-gun shooters typically feature "on-rails" movement, which gives the player no control over the direction the protagonist moves in; the player only has control over aiming and shooting.Anderson, Lark, [http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/thehouseofthedeadoverkill/review.html The House of the Dead: Overkill Review] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212165509/http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/thehouseofthedeadoverkill/review.html |date=2009-02-12 }}, GameSpot, Feb 14, 2009, Accessed Feb 27, 2009 Some games, however, may allow the protagonist to take cover at the push of a button. Other games may eschew on-rails movement altogether and allow the player to move the protagonist freely around the game's environment;Reed, Kristan, [http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/r_redeadaim_ps2 Resident Evil Dead Aim], EuroGamer, July 29, 2003, Accessed Feb 27, 2009 still others may feature a static environment.Casamassina, Matt, [http://uk.cube.ign.com/articles/653/653867p1.html Controller Concepts: Gun Games] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713004359/http://uk.cube.ign.com/articles/653/653867p1.html |date=2011-07-13 }}, IGN, Sept 26, 2005, Accessed Feb 27, 2009 Light-gun shooters use a first-person perspective for aiming, though some games may allow the player to switch to a third person perspective in order to maneuver the protagonist.

File:GunCon 1 and 2.jpg

Gun games had existed in arcades before the emergence of electronic video games. Shooting gallery carnival games date back to the late 19th century.{{cite book | title = The Routledge Companion to Video Game Studies | editor-first = Bernard | editor-last = Perron | publisher = Taylor & Francis | date = 2014 | isbn = 9781136290503 | chapter = Chapter 31: Shooting | first = Gerald | last= Voorhees | pages=251–258 }} Mechanical gun games first appeared in England's amusement arcades around the turn of the 20th century,{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Andrew |title=History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design and Interaction |date=16 March 2017 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-317-50381-1 |page=10}} and before appearing in America by the 1920s. The British "cinematic shooting gallery" game Life Targets (1912) was a mechanical interactive film game where players shot at a cinema screen displaying film footage of targets.{{cite journal |last1=Cowan |first1=Michael |title=Interactive media and imperial subjects: Excavating the cinematic shooting gallery |journal=NECSUS. European Journal of Media Studies |date=2018 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=17–44 |doi=10.25969/mediarep/3438}}

The first light guns appeared in the 1930s, with the Seeburg Ray-O-Lite. Games using this toy rifle were mechanical and the rifle fired beams of light at targets wired with sensors.Ashcraft, p. 145 A later gun game from Seeburg Corporation, Shoot the Bear (1949), introduced the use of mechanical sound effects. By the 1960s, mechanical gun games had evolved into shooting electro-mechanical games.{{cite magazine |title=BAC Thinks Highly Of Arcades |magazine=Cash Box |date=27 July 1968 |page=73 |url=https://archive.org/details/cashbox29unse_50/page/73 |publisher=Cash Box Pub. Co.}} A popular sophisticated example was Periscope (1965) by Namco and Sega,Ashcraft, Brian, (2008) Arcade Mania! The Turbo Charged World of Japan's Game Centers, p. 133, Kodansha International with other examples including Captain Kid Rifle (1966) by Midway Manufacturing and Arctic Gun (1967) by Williams.{{cite magazine |title=Coin Machines Equipment Survey |magazine=Cash Box |date=20 October 1973 |page=105 |url=https://archive.org/details/cashbox35unse_16/page/105 |publisher=Cash Box Pub. Co.}} The use of a mounted gun dates back to a Midway mechanical game in the 1960s.{{cite magazine|title=Operation Wolf|magazine=Retro Gamer|issue=153|pages=34–1|first=Martyn|last=Carroll|date=April 2016|url=https://issuu.com/michelfranca/docs/retro_gamer____153}}

Between the late 1960s and early 1970s, Sega produced gun games which resemble first-person light-gun shooter video games, but were in fact electro-mechanical games that used rear image projection in a manner similar to a zoetrope to produce moving animations on a screen.{{citation |title=Killer Shark: The Undersea Horror Arcade Game from Jaws |author=D.S. Cohen |publisher=About.com |url=http://classicgames.about.com/od/arcadegames/p/KillerShark.htm |access-date=2011-05-03 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170703115201/http://www.lifewire.com/killer-shark-arcade-game-from-jaws-729558 |archive-date= 2017-07-03 }} It was a fresh approach to gun games that Sega introduced with Duck Hunt, which began location testing in 1968 and released in January 1969. It had animated moving targets which disappear from the screen when shot, solid-state electronic sound effects, and a higher score for head shots.{{cite journal |title=New Sega Gun To Bow at ATE: Sega Duck Shoot |journal=Cash Box |date=4 January 1969 |page=34 |url=https://archive.org/details/cashbox30unse_21/page/34 |publisher=Cash Box Pub. Co.}}{{KLOV game|13152|Duck Hunt (1969)}} It also printed out the player's score on a ticket, and the sound effects were volume controllable.{{cite web|title=1969 Sega Duck Hunt (Arcade Flyer)|work=pinrepair.com|url=http://www.pinrepair.com/arcade/sduckhu.htm|access-date=2011-05-03}}

Throughout the 1970s, electro-mechanical arcade games were gradually replaced by electronic video games, following the release of Pong in 1972,Ashcraft, p. 134 with 1978's Space Invaders dealing a yet more powerful blow to the popularity of electro-mechanical games.Ashcraft, p. 136 In the 1970s, EM gun games evolved into light-gun shooter video games. Light guns used in electronic video games work in the opposite manner to their mechanical counterparts: the sensor is in the gun and pulling the trigger allows it to receive light from the on-screen targets.

Computer light pens had been used for practical purposes at MIT in the early 1960s.[http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/ A History of the Internet], Computer History Museum, Accessed Feb 26, 2009 The Magnavox Odyssey home video game console in 1972 had a light gun accessory,[http://www.next-gen.biz/features/ten-greatest-years-gaming The Ten Greatest Years in Gaming] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419052418/http://www.next-gen.biz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3313&Itemid=2 |date=2008-04-19 }}, Edge, June 27, 2006, Accessed Mar 1, 2009 in the production of which Nintendo was involved.Martin Picard, [http://gamestudies.org/1302/articles/picard The Foundation of Geemu: A Brief History of Early Japanese video games], International Journal of Computer Game Research, 2013 In the arcades, light-gun shooter video games appeared in 1974, with Sega's Balloon Gun in August and Atari's Qwak! in November.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/news/lists/ataris-forgotten-arcade-classics-w485407/qwak-w485414 |title=Atari's Forgotten Arcade Classics |last=Edwards |first=Benj |date=2017-06-02 |magazine=Rolling Stone |publisher=Wenner Media |access-date=2017-08-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901021209/http://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/news/lists/ataris-forgotten-arcade-classics-w485407/qwak-w485414 |archive-date=2017-09-01}} The use of a mounted gun in arcade video games date back to Taito's Attack (1976). However, light-gun video games were not able to achieve the same level of success as their earlier electro-mechanical predecessors until the mid-1980s.

Light-gun video games became popular in arcades with the Nintendo VS. System arcade releases of Duck Hunt (1984) and Hogan's Alley (1984),{{cite magazine |last=Adlum |first=Eddie |title=The Replay Years: Reflections from Eddie Adlum |magazine=RePlay |date=November 1985 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=134-175 (170-1) |url=https://archive.org/details/re-play-volume-11-issue-no.-2-november-1985-600DPI/RePlay%20-%20Volume%2011%2C%20Issue%20No.%202%20-%20November%201985/page/170/mode/2up}} with Duck Hunt also becoming popular on home consoles following its 1985 Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) release. Light guns subsequently became popularly used for video games in the mid-1980s.[http://uk.gamespot.com/features/6090892/p-13.html When Two Tribes Go to War: A History of Video Game Controversy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911113451/http://uk.gamespot.com/features/6090892/p-13.html |date=2009-09-11 }}, GameSpot, Accessed Feb 26, 2009[http://www.next-gen.biz/features/30-defining-moments-gaming The 30 Defining Moments in Gaming] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029232528/http://www.next-gen.biz/features/30-defining-moments-gaming |date=2011-10-29 }}, Edge, Aug 13, 2007, Accessed Feb 27, 2009 In the late 1980s, Taito's arcade hit Operation Wolf (1987) popularized military-themed light-gun rail shooters.{{cite news |last1=Lambie |first1=Ryan |title=Operation Wolf: The Ultimate '80s Military Gun Game |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/games/operation-wolf-the-ultimate-80s-military-gun-game/ |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=Den of Geek |date=1 March 2015}}

Operation Wolf had scrolling backgrounds, which Taito's sequel Operation Thunderbolt (1988){{cite magazine |last1=Kelly |first1=Nick |title=Arcades: Operation Thunderbold (arcade star) |magazine=Commodore User |date=26 January 1989 |issue=65 (February 1989) |pages=92–3 |url=https://www.solvalou.com/arcade/reviews/276/247}} and Sega's Line of Fire (1989) took further with pseudo-3D backgrounds, the latter rendered using Sega Super Scaler arcade technology, with both featuring two-player co-op gameplay.{{cite web |title=Line of Fire |url=http://hg101.kontek.net/lineoffire/lineoffire.htm |website=Hardcore Gaming 101 |access-date=11 April 2021}} SNK's Beast Busters (1989) supported up to three players and was a modest success. Midway's arcade hit Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) combined Operation Wolf{{'s}} scrolling with Operation Thunderbolt and Line of Fire{{'s}} two-player co-op along with the use of the use of realistic digitized sprite graphics.

In 1992, Konami's Lethal Enforcers further popularized the use of realistic digitized sprite graphics in light-gun shooters,{{cite news |last1=Draven |first1=Derek |title=The 10 Best Light Gun Video Games Ever Created, Ranked |url=https://screenrant.com/best-light-gun-video-games-1980s-1990s-ranked/ |access-date=24 April 2021 |work=Screen Rant |date=18 March 2021}} with digitized sprites remaining popular in the genre up until the mid-1990s.{{cite magazine |last1=Perry |first1=Dave |author1-link=Dave Perry |author2=Nick |author3=Nick R |author4=Adrian |title=Reviews: Virtua Cop |magazine=Games World |date=November 1994 |issue=7 (January 1995) |publisher=Paragon Publishing |page=21 |url=https://archive.org/details/games-world-07/page/n22}}{{cite magazine|date=8 December 1994|title=Finals|url=https://archive.org/details/nextgen-issue-001/page/n109/mode/2up|magazine=Next Generation|publisher=Imagine Media|issue=1 (January 1995)|page=105}} Midway's Revolution X (1994) was a Three-player co-op game with digitized graphics like their earlier hit Terminator 2. In 1995, Konami released Crypt Killer (Henry Explorers in Japan), which supported up to three players and was a modest success.

Sega's Virtua Cop, released in arcades in 1994, broke new ground, popularized the use of 3D polygons in shooter games, and led to a "Renaissance" in the popularity of arcade gun games. Like Lethal Enforcers, the game was inspired by the Clint Eastwood film Dirty Harry as well as a coffee advertisement in which a can of coffee grew larger in a gun's sights. In Virtua Cop the player had to shoot approaching targets as fast as possible.Ashcraft, pp. 145-46

The acclaimed Time Crisis by Namco, released for Japanese arcades in 1995 and ported to Sony's PlayStation console in 1996/1997, introduced innovations such as simulated recoil and a foot pedal which had to be depressed in order to attack and, when released, caused the protagonist to take cover. The game's light gun controller, the GunCon, was also acclaimed.Ashcraft, p. 147 Namco also released Gun Bullet for Japanese arcades in 1994 and was ported as Point Blank for the PlayStation in 1998, a 2D sprite-based game featuring a unique minigame structure and quirky, humorous tone. The game was critically acclaimed and received two sequels, both for the arcades and the PlayStation console.Davis, Ryan, [https://www.gamespot.com/amp-reviews/point-blank-3-review/1900-2714912/ Point Blank 3 Review], GameSpot, May 3, 2001, Accessed Mar 1, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20121010001319/http://uk.gamespot.com/point-blank-3/reviews/point-blank-3-review-2714912/ Archived] from the original on October 10, 2012.

In 1995, Atari Games released the successful Area 51 arcade light-gun game, which featured red and blue HAPP 45. caliber pistol-like light guns and the use of full-motion video (FMV) pre-rendered graphics.{{Cite web |last=Kitts |first=Jeff |date=May 2, 2000 |title=Area 51 Review |url=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/area-51-review/1900-2532873/ |website=gamespot.com}} Some games attempted to incorporate elements of first-person shooter (FPS) or survival horror games through the use of less restricted character movement or exploration, with varying degrees of success.Remo, Chris, [http://www.shacknews.com/featuredarticle.x?id=685 Time Crisis 4 Review] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207115602/http://www.shacknews.com/featuredarticle.x?id=685 |date=2008-12-07 }}, Shack News, Nov 21st 2007, Accessed Mar 29, 2008

Between 1996 and 1997, 3D light-gun shooters gained considerable popularity in arcades. Popular arcade light-gun shooters at the time included Sega's Virtua Cop 2 (1995) and The House of the Dead (1997), Namco's Time Crisis, and Police Trainer (1996).{{cite magazine |title=Arcade: Sega's Greatest Gun Game! The House of the Dead |magazine=Computer and Video Games |publisher=EMAP |issue=188 (July 1997) |date=11 June 1997 |pages=84–5 |url=https://archive.org/details/Computer_and_Video_Games_Issue_188_1997-07_EMAP_Images_GB/page/n83/mode/2up}} The most successful light-gun horror game series is The House of the Dead (1997 debut), the popularity of which, along with Resident Evil, led to zombies becoming mainstream again in popular culture.{{cite web |last1=Weedon |first1=Paul |title=George A. Romero (interview) |url=http://paulweedon.co.uk/george-romero-transcript/ |website=Paul Weedon |date=17 July 2017 |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220182956/http://paulweedon.co.uk/george-romero-transcript/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |last1=Diver |first1=Mike |title=Gaming's Greatest, Romero-Worthy Zombies |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/d385da/gamings-greatest-romero-worthy-zombies |access-date=2 June 2019 |work=Vice |date=17 July 2017}}{{cite book |last1=Newman |first1=Kim |title=Nightmare Movies: Horror on Screen Since the 1960s |date=2011 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=9781408805039 |pages=559–566 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNMz3tGZVvAC&pg=PA559}} In 1998, Midway released their third successful light-gun game called CarnEvil, which featured over-the-top black comedy humor, the use of the shotgun-like light gun which pumps to reload, and the use of blood and gore like Mortal Kombat.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/the-story-of-carnevil-an-arcade-frightfest-once-called-the-most-twisted-video-game-ever-created/|title=The story of CarnEvil, an arcade frightfest once called "the most twisted video game ever created"|date=15 November 2018}}

Light guns were suppressed for a time in the United States after the 1999 Columbine High School massacre and its attendant controversy over video games and gun crime. Since the late 1980s, light gun controllers have been generally manufactured to look like toys by painting them in bright colours. In Japan, which lacks the gun crime found in the United States and in which civilians cannot legally own guns, more realistic light guns are widely available. Light-gun rail shooters began declining in the late 1990s as FPS games became more popular. Light-gun shooters became less popular in the 2000s, with new games in the genre seen as "old school",Rosenberg, Adam & Frushtick, Russel, [http://www.ugo.com/games/game-of-the-year-2007/?cur=best-light-gun-game-of-the-year Best Light-Gun Game – Ghost Squad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025161038/http://www.ugo.com/games/game-of-the-year-2007/?cur=best-light-gun-game-of-the-year |date=2008-10-25 }}, UGO, Accessed Mar 1, 2009 such as Raw Thrills' Target: Terror (2004) and ICE/Play Mechanix's Johnny Nero Action Hero (2004).

The genre went dormant for a period but experienced a small renaissance with the release of the Nintendo Wii in 2006. The system's controller, named the Wii Remote, popularized motion-based gameplay. With the release of the Wii Zapper and third party light gun shells, various developers took the opportunity to release various light gun games on the platform, including Ghost Squad: Evolution, Gunslingers, Dead Space: Extraction, The House of the Dead 2 & 3 Return, The House of the Dead: Overkill, Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles, Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles and Wild West Guns.

Sony responded by releasing the PlayStation Move, a motion-based controller for the PlayStation 3 that could also be fitted into a light gun shell called a PS Move Sharp Shooter. This accessory allowed developers to also release light gun games on Sony’s platform. Additionally, Namco released the GunCon 3 for the PlayStation 3, which was supported by Time Crisis 4, Time Crisis: Razing Storm and Deadstorm Pirates.

The Time Crisis and House of the Dead franchises continued to receive acclaimed installments, with the arcade machine for the latter's House of the Dead 4 Special featuring large screens enclosing the player, as well as swivelling, vibrating chairs.Ashcraft, pp. 147-48 Incredible Technologies/Play Mechanix released Big Buck Hunter, which was highly successful and spawned a number of sequels and console ports. Sega released Ghost Squad in 2004, notable for featuring unique machine guns with realistic recoil and an additional trigger for other in-game actions.

The light gun shooter genre fell out of popularity on home consoles when the industry transitioned from the Wii and Playstation 3 to Wii U and Playstation 4 in 2014. Other factors which contributed to this declining popularity includes incompatibility with modern high-definition televisions.

Today, the light gun genre is maintained in virtual reality, arcade and PC emulation.

Various VR games with light gun gameplay elements are released regularly after the release of Oculus Rift in 2016, such as Space Pirate Trainer, Operation Wolf Returns: First Mission, Zombieland VR, Blood & Truth, [https://www.meta.com/blog/quest/under-cover-launch-sigtrap-coatsink-lightgun-vr/ Under Cover] and more.

Despite the decline of the arcade industry, arcade continues to see periodical exclusive light gun releases such as Jurassic Park Arcade and Time Crisis 5 in 2015, Point Blank X in 2016, House of the Dead: Scarlet Dawn in 2018, [https://www.unistechnology.com/products/elevator-action-invasion-dlx/ Elevator Action Invasion] in 2021 and [https://enterthegungeon.com/house-of-the-gundead Enter the Gungeon House of the Gundead] in 2023.

On PC, various companies offer light gun hardware solutions for light gun enthusiasts, such as Sinden Light Gun, [https://www.ultimarc.com/ Ultimarc Aimtrak] and [https://retroshooter.com/ Retroshooter], in addition to retrofitting classic light gun hardwares for consoles such as Wiimote with Mayflash Dolphinbar and [https://www.gun4ir.com/ Gun4IR]. Besides emulating classic light gun games, players can also find modern light gun releases on Steam, such as [https://store.steampowered.com/app/2587170/Railbreak/ Railbreak], [https://store.steampowered.com/app/1818880/BangBang_PewPew/ BangBang PewPew], [https://store.steampowered.com/app/1448800/BioCrisis BioCrisis] and [https://store.steampowered.com/app/305380/Blue_Estate_The_Game/ Blue Estate The Game].

The Joy-Con of the Nintendo Switch have been used as a light gun substitute for various games, such as The House of the Dead: Remake (2022), though they are less precise than the Wii Remote due to their sole reliance on gyroscopic sensors for aiming.{{Cite web |last=Scullion |first=Chris |date=2022-04-08 |title=Review: The House Of The Dead: Remake – Control Issues Gnaw At Sega's Arcade Classic |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/reviews/switch-eshop/the-house-of-the-dead-remake |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Nintendo Life |language=en-GB}}

• List of light-gun games

{{reflist|2}}

• {{citation | last=Ashcraft | first=Brian | year=2008 | title=Arcade Mania! The Turbo Charged World of Japan's Game Centers | publisher=Kodansha International }}

{{VideoGameGenre}}

Category:Video game genres