liniment

Image:Old bottle of Mentholatum.JPG

• A.B.C. Liniment was used from approximately 1880 to 1935.{{cite book | title = Everybody's Family Doctor | publisher = Odhams Press LTD | year = 1935 | location = London, UK | pages = 7 }}{{cite journal|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.1002.424|title=Letters, Notes, and Answers to Correspondents|journal=Br Med J|date=March 13, 1880|first=John|last=Cross|volume=1|issue=1002|pages=424–426|pmc= 2239646}} It was named for its three primary ingredients: aconite, belladonna, and chloroform. There were numerous examples of poisoning from the mixture, resulting in at least one death.{{cite journal|title=Liniment A.B.C. poisoning|journal=Journal of the Indian Medical Association |date=16 March 1967|first1=R P.|last1=Sinha|last2=Mitra|first2=S K. |last3=Roy |first3=P K.|volume=48|issue=6|pages=278–9|pmid=6038536 }}{{failed verification|date=March 2022}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.435.399-a|title=Fatal Case Of Poisoning By A.B.C. Liniment|journal=The British Medical Journal|date=February 15, 1896|first=Archibald|last=Weir|volume=1|issue=1833|pages=399–400|s2cid=19739440}}{{cite journal|title=Accidental Poisoning of Children in Belfast: A Report of two years' experience at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children|journal=Ulster Med J.|date=November 1954|first=O D.|last=Fisher|pmid=20476409|volume=23|issue=2|pmc=2480209|pages=124–131}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1136/adc.28.137.26|title=Accidental Poisoning of Young Children|journal=Arch Dis Child|date=February 1953 |first=Douglas|last=Swinscow|pmid=13031693|volume=28|issue=137|pmc=1988641|pages=26–29}}
• Amrutanjan is an analgesic balm manufactured by Amrutanjan Healthcare.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/Amrutanjan-relaunches-pain-balm/article20147972.ece|title=Amrutanjan relaunches pain balm|website=@businessline|date=20 November 2008 |access-date=2020-10-25|archive-date=2020-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028211321/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/Amrutanjan-relaunches-pain-balm/article20147972.ece|url-status=live}} It was founded in 1893 by journalist and freedom fighter, Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao.{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/answers-to-last-week-s-quiz-329-113111000505_1.html|title=Answers to last week's quiz (#329) |author=Strategist Team |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=November 11, 2013|via=Business Standard|access-date=October 25, 2020|archive-date=July 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703173753/https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/answers-to-last-week-s-quiz-329-113111000505_1.html|url-status=live}}
• Bengay, spelled Ben-Gay before 1995, was developed in France by Dr. Jules Bengué, and brought to America in 1898. It was originally produced by Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, which was acquired by Johnson & Johnson.
• Dr. Cox's Barbed Wire Liniment and Antiseptic, made by Myers Laboratory. Marketed as treatment for minor wounds (contains iodine) for livestock and humans, such as barbed wire scratches.{{cite web|url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object/nmah_1348738|title=Dr. Cox's Barbed Wire Lniment|access-date=19 Jan 2025}}
• IcyHot is a line of liniments produced and marketed by Chattem, now a subsidiary of Sanofi.{{cite web|url=https://dopamine.chem.umn.edu/chempedia/index.php/Icy_Hot|title=Icy Hot - Chempedia|date=2 August 2008|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802014048/https://dopamine.chem.umn.edu/chempedia/index.php/Icy_Hot|archive-date=2 August 2008}}
• Mentholatum Ointment, branded Deep Heat outside of the US, was introduced in December 1894 and is still produced today with numerous variations.Springville Journal Staff. January 30, 2015 [https://springvillejournal.com/the-mentholatum-company-thanks-wny-residents-for-success/ The Mentholatum Company thanks WNY residents for success] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730231304/https://springvillejournal.com/the-mentholatum-company-thanks-wny-residents-for-success/ |date=2016-07-30 }}
• Minard's Liniment: Dr. Levi Minard of Nova Scotia, branded as "The King of Pain,"{{Cite book |last=Freeman |first=Beverly J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPn9GgAACAAJ |title=Levi Minard, M.D., King of Pain |date=1998 |publisher=B.J. Freeman |language=en |oclc=40881236 |access-date=2022-03-14 |archive-date=2022-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314094723/https://books.google.com/books?id=MPn9GgAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |url-status=live }} created his well-known liniment from camphor, ammonia water, and medical turpentine.
• Nine oils: a 19th-century preparation used on both horses and humans. Although druggists' books sometimes specified recipes, street doctors often promoted any kind of oil as the "nine oils".{{Cite web|url=https://www.victorianlondon.org/publications3/toilers-19.htm|title=Victorian London - Publications - Social Investigation/Journalism - Toilers in London, by One of the Crowd [James Greenwood], [1883] - Doctor Quackinbosh|website=www.victorianlondon.org|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117131403/https://www.victorianlondon.org/publications3/toilers-19.htm|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDddAAAAcAAJ&q=%22nine+oils%22+patent+medicine&pg=RA1-PA21|title=The Dictionary of Practical Receipts; Containing the Arcana of Trade and Manufacture; Domestic Economy; Artistical, Ornamental&scientific Processes; Pharmaceutical and Chemical Preparations, Etc. (Third Edition.).|last=FRANCIS|first=George William|date=1853|publisher=J. Allen, D. Francis|language=en|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224180329/https://books.google.com/books?id=pDddAAAAcAAJ&q=%22nine+oils%22+patent+medicine&pg=RA1-PA21|url-status=live}}
• Opodeldoc: invented by the Renaissance physician Paracelsus.
• RUB A535: introduced in 1919 and manufactured by Church & Dwight in Canada.
• Thermacare: Acquired in 2020 by Italy's Angelini when it was spun off following the merger of Pfizer with GlaxoSmithKline's consumer healthcare division.
• Tiger Balm was developed during the 1870s in Rangoon, Burma by herbalist Aw Chu Kin, and brought to market by his sons. It is composed of 16% menthol and 28% oil of wintergreen.{{citation | url=https://www.tigerbalm.com/index.php?id=7 | title=Tiger Balm: Heritage | access-date=2009-09-30 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831044510/https://www.tigerbalm.com/index.php?id=7 | archive-date=2009-08-31 }}
• Watkins Liniment: One of Watkins Incorporated's original products.

File:Antiphlogistine.jpg"|alt=A black-and-white rectangle. On the left a stylized heroic nude holds a pot over his head. The title is Restore Normal Circulation. It is followed by pseudo-scientific jargon. The words "Antiphlogistine TRADE MARK" are highlighted in a rounded rectangle. The advertisement has a footer with "THE DENVER CHEMICAL MFG. CO., NEW YORK, U. S. A.]]

Liniments are commonly used on horses following exercise, applied either by rubbing on full-strength, especially on the legs; or applied in a diluted form, usually added to a bucket of water and sponged on the body. They are used in hot weather to help cool down a horse after working, the alcohol cooling through rapid evaporation, and counterirritant oils dilating capillaries in the skin, increasing the amount of blood releasing heat from the body.{{cite web|url=https://www.horsechannel.com/horse-health/liniments-poultices-10382.aspx|title=Liniments and Poultices for Sore Horses|website=www.horsechannel.com|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004211415/https://www.horsechannel.com/horse-health/liniments-poultices-10382.aspx|archive-date=4 October 2017}}

Many horse liniment formulas in diluted form have been used on humans, though products for horses which contain DMSO are not suitable for human use, as DMSO carries the topical product into the bloodstream.{{cite web |url=https://orientalherb.com/how-is-horse-liniment-helpful-to-humans/ |title=How is Horse Liniment Helpful to Humans? |access-date=2016-06-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716104257/https://orientalherb.com/how-is-horse-liniment-helpful-to-humans/ |archive-date=2016-07-16 }} Horse liniment ingredients such as menthol, chloroxylenol, or iodine are also used in different formulas in products used by humans.{{cite news|url=https://www.reference.com/health/horse-liniment-safe-humans-4fd8f682b65bf829#|title=Is Horse Liniment Safe for Humans?|website=reference.com|date=4 August 2015 |access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609110144/https://www.reference.com/health/horse-liniment-safe-humans-4fd8f682b65bf829|archive-date=9 June 2017}}

Absorbine, a horse liniment product manufactured by W.F. Young, Inc., was reformulated for humans and marketed as Absorbine Jr.{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/8178836/To-all-you-neigh-sayers-this-horse-rub-really-does-work.html|title=To all you neigh-sayers, this horse rub really does work|first=Robin|last=Millward|date=6 December 2010|access-date=9 May 2018|via=www.telegraph.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035247/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/8178836/To-all-you-neigh-sayers-this-horse-rub-really-does-work.html|archive-date=25 September 2017}} The company also acquired other liniment brands including Bigeloil and RefreshMint.{{cite web|url=https://absorbine.com/products/muscle-care/|title=Horse Muscle Care And Joint Care Products - Absorbine|website=Absorbine|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117004448/https://absorbine.com/products/muscle-care/|archive-date=17 November 2017}} The equine version of Absorbine is sometimes used by humans,{{cite web|url=https://askdrgottmd.com/horse-liniment-helps-the-pain/ |title=Horse liniment helps the pain |access-date=2016-06-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702070838/https://askdrgottmd.com/horse-liniment-helps-the-pain/ |archive-date=2012-07-02 }} though, anecdotally, its benefits in humans may be because the smell of menthol releases serotonin, or due to a placebo effect.

Earl Sloan was a US entrepreneur who made his initial fortune selling his father's horse liniment formula beginning in the period following the Civil War. Sloan's liniment with capsicum as a key ingredient was also marketed for human use. He later sold his company to the predecessor of Warner–Lambert, which was purchased in 2000 by Pfizer.{{Cite news |last=Hodges |first=Jim |date=2 August 2014 |title=Historical Society Curator Reveals Early 20th Century Success Story |url=https://www.newbernsj.com/news/local/historical-society-curator-reveals-early-20th-century-success-story/article_43af1ca9-ad72-5d78-ad0f-f9dcfef21942.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204014720/https://www.newbernsj.com/news/local/historical-society-curator-reveals-early-20th-century-success-story/article_43af1ca9-ad72-5d78-ad0f-f9dcfef21942.html |archive-date=4 December 2023 |url-status=live |website=New Bern Sun Journal |location=New Bern, NC |access-date=3 December 2023}}{{cite web |title=Warner Lambert. 2000: Pfizer joins forces with Warner-Lambert |url=https://www.pfizer.com/about/history/pfizer_warner_lambert |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032439/https://www.pfizer.com/about/history/pfizer_warner_lambert |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live |publisher=Pfizer |access-date=9 May 2018}}

{{Clear}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Wiktionary-inline}}

{{Dosage forms|state=expanded}}

Category:Dosage forms

Category:Drug delivery devices

Category:Ointments