maltoside

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File:Decyl-beta-D-maltoside.svg

A maltoside is a glycoside with maltose as the glycone (sugar) functional group. Among the most common are alkyl maltosides, which contain hydrophobic alkyl chains as the aglycone. Given their amphiphilic properties, these comprise a class of detergents, where variation in the alkyl chain confers a range of detergent properties including CMC and solubility. Maltosides are most often used for the solubilization and purification of membrane proteins.

History

In 1980 Ferguson-Miller et al. at Michigan State developed n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) as part of a successful effort to purify an active, stable, monodisperse form of cytochrome c oxidase.{{cite journal|last=Rosevear|first=P|author2=VanAken, T |author3=Baxter, J |author4=Ferguson-Miller, S |title=Alkyl glycoside detergents: a simpler synthesis and their effects on kinetic and physical properties of cytochrome c oxidase.|journal=Biochemistry|date=Aug 19, 1980|volume=19|issue=17|pages=4108–15|pmid=6250583|doi=10.1021/bi00558a032}} Maltosides have been used extensively to stabilize membrane proteins for biophysical and structural studies.

Table of detergent properties

class="wikitable"
Maltosideabbr.CMC (mM)MW (g/mol)Micelle (kDa)
n-Decyl-β-D-maltopyranosideDM1.8 {{cite journal | author = Alpes, H., Apell, H.-J., Knoll, G., Plattner, H. and Riek, R. | year = 1998 | journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta | volume = 946 | pages = 379–388 | pmid = 2850005 | title = Reconstitution of Na+/K+-ATPase into phosphatidylcholine vesicles by dialysis of nonionic alkyl maltoside detergents | issue = 2 | doi = 10.1016/0005-2736(88)90413-0 | url = https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/7204/1/Reconstitution_of_Na.pdf }} (H2O)482.6~33 (69 molecules) https://www.anatrace.com/Products/Detergents/MALTOSIDES/D322LA.aspx
n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranosideDDM0.17 {{cite book | author = VanAken, T., Foxall-VanAken, S., Castleman, S. and Ferguson-Miller, S. | chapter = Alkyl glycoside detergents: Synthesis and applications to the study of membrane proteins | title = Biomembranes Part M | year = 1986 | volume = 125 | pages = 27–35 | doi = 10.1016/S0076-6879(86)25005-3 | pmid = 3012259 | series = Methods in Enzymology | isbn = 9780121820251}}510.6~72 (~78-149 molecules) {{cite journal | author = Strop, P. and Brunger, A T. | year = 2005 | journal = Protein Sci. | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 2207–2211 | pmid = 16046633 | title = Refractive index-based determination of detergent concentration and its application to the study of membrane proteins | doi = 10.1110/ps.051543805 | pmc = 2279333 }}
6-Cyclohexyl-1-hexyl-β-D-maltopyranosideCymal-60.56508.546.3

References