maternity hospital
{{Short description|Hospital for mothers, childbirth, and newborns}}
File:Kätilöopisto 2018.JPG, Finland in 2019]]
File:RIAN archive 450919 Maternity Home in Yakutsk.jpg, USSR in 1981]]
A maternity hospital specializes in caring for women during pregnancy and childbirth. It also provides care for newborn infants, and may act as a centre for clinical training in midwifery and obstetrics. Formerly known as lying-in hospitals, most of them, like cottage hospitals, have been absorbed into larger general hospitals, where they operate as the maternity department.
History
File:General Lying-in Hospital ES.jpg, now a hotel]]
Maternity hospitals in the United Kingdom can be traced back to a number of 18th century establishments in London and Dublin. Prior to these foundations, childbirth was a domestic occasion. The term coined for these establishments, but now archaic, is "a lying-in hospital", referring to the custom of lying-in, prolonged bedrest after childbirth, better known now as postpartum confinement.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
The first noted lying-in hospital appears to be one founded by Sir Richard Manningham in Jermyn Street, London, in 1739 and which evolved into the Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital. A better documented foundation is that of the Dublin Lying-In Hospital, established in 1745 by Bartholomew Mosse, and which served as a model for three subsequent London foundations: the British Lying-In Hospital, a 1749 establishment in Holborn; the 1750 City of London Lying-In Hospital, in the City; and the General Lying-In Hospital on Westminster Bridge Road, established in 1767.{{cite web|url=http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=11905&inst_id=118|website=AIM25 - Archives in London and the M25 area|title=Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital|access-date=3 September 2016}}{{cite web|title=Information Leaflet Number 35 Records of patients in London hospitals|website=London Metropolitan Archives|publisher=City of London|access-date=3 September 2016|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/london-metropolitan-archives/visitor-information/Documents/35-records-of-patients-in-london-hospitals.pdf}}{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofqueench00ryan |title=The history of Queen Charlotte's Lying-in Hospital |first=Thomas |last=Ryan |date=1885|pages=ix–xv}} A number of other such hospitals were formed in the mid-18th century. All of these were run by male physicians, women being blocked from completing training as doctors until the 1870s.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
The first maternity hospital founded and run by a woman was Elizabeth Garrett Anderson's New Hospital for Women, which evolved from an existing dispensary in the 1770s, and was renamed in 1918 the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital.[http://www.uclh.nhs.uk/our+hospitals/university+college+hospital+elizabeth+garrett+anderson+wing.htm UCLH - Our hospitals - University College Hospital Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411051037/http://www.uclh.nhs.uk/Our+hospitals/University+College+Hospital+Elizabeth+Garrett+Anderson+Wing.htm |date=2009-04-11 }}{{cite web | access-date=2007-10-28 | title='Run by Women, (mainly) for Women': Medical Women's Hospitals in Britain, 1866-1948 | url=http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/rodopi/00457183/v61n1/s7.pdf?expires=1193614133&id=40280224&titleid=484&accname=Guest+User&checksum=52F76CF81F43E1C0AF4A8643DEEC9AEB | last=Elston | first=Mary Ann | format=pdf | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707212420/http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/rodopi/00457183/v61n1/s7.pdf?expires=1193614133&id=40280224&titleid=484&accname=Guest+User&checksum=52F76CF81F43E1C0AF4A8643DEEC9AEB | archive-date=2012-07-07 }}{{cite web | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/rodopi/clio/2001/00000061/00000001/art00007 | title = 'Run by Women, (mainly) for Women': Medical Women's Hospitals in Britain, 1866-1948 | publisher = Rodopi | access-date = 2008-09-18}}{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A3197216 | title = Elizabeth Garrett Anderson - Victorian Women's Campaigner | publisher = BBC |date=December 2004 | access-date = 2007-10-28}} Its work continues in the modern Elizabeth Garrett Anderson maternity wing of University College Hospital, part of UCLH NHS Foundation Trust.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
=Today=
The Portland Hospital in central London was created in 1983 as a private hospital, i.e. not part of the National Health Service. Also in 1983, the Rosie Hospital opened in Cambridge, next to Addenbrooke's Hospital.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
The National Maternity Hospital, Dublin is the largest mother-and-baby hospital in Ireland.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Maternity hospitals}}
{{Hospital articles}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Hospital-stub}}