mayor of Chicago

File:William B Ogden by GPA Healy, 1855.jpg was the first mayor of Chicago.]]

File:Secretary Kerry Departs Chicago Mayor Emanuel's Office After Their Meeting (30500010211).jpg leaving "The Fifth Floor" office of the mayor in 2016]]

The first mayor was William B. Ogden (1837–1838). Forty-six men and two women (Jane Byrne, 1979–1983, and Lori Lightfoot, 2019–2023), have held the office. Two sets of father and son have been elected Mayor of Chicago: Carter Harrison III (1879–1887, 1893) and Carter Harrison IV (1897–1905, 1911–1915), as well as Richard J. Daley (1955–1976) and Richard M. Daley (1989–2011). Carter Harrison IV was the first mayor to have been born in the city.

As an interim mayor, David Duvall Orr (1987) held the office for one week, the shortest time period. Richard M. Daley was elected six times becoming Chicago's longest-serving mayor, his 22 years surpassing his father's record of 21 years.[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ilKvZ_-QeQYYesyxYOrMxElWJQcA?docId=a29f3a05d0b5405e8e446c86c6e89c3f "Daley now Chicago mayor 1 day longer than father"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101064019/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ilKvZ_-QeQYYesyxYOrMxElWJQcA?docId=a29f3a05d0b5405e8e446c86c6e89c3f |date=2011-01-01 }} Associated Press December 26, 2010

The first Irish Catholic mayor was John Patrick Hopkins (1893–1895), and Rahm Emanuel (2011–2019) is the only Jewish American to have served as mayor.

Harold Washington (1983–1987) was the first African American mayor. Lightfoot (2019–2023) was the city's first African American woman and first LGBT mayor. Brandon Johnson (2023–present) is the fourth African American mayor, Eugene Sawyer (1987–1989) having been selected by the council after Washington died in office.

The mayor appoints the commissioner of the Chicago Fire Department, the superintendent of the Chicago Police Department and the heads of other departments,{{Cite news|last=Pratt|first=Gregory|date=May 22, 2018|title=Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot announces key hires for her new administration, some Rahm Emanuel appointees will stay|work=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-met-chicago-mayor-lori-lightfoot-cabinet-meeting-20190521-story.html|access-date=2019-05-22|via=MSN}} the largest of which are the Water Management Department (formed by the consolidation of the former Water Department and Sewer Department under Richard M. Daley), and the Streets & Sanitation Department. The mayor also appoints members to the boards of several special-purpose governmental bodies including City Colleges of Chicago, Chicago Park District, Chicago Public Library, Chicago Housing Authority, Chicago Transit Authority, and the Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority. Under Richard M. Daley, the Illinois legislature granted the mayor power to appoint the governing board and chief executive officer of the Chicago Public Schools and subordinated the district to the mayor; the district had long been an independent unit of government.

The Chicago City Clerk and City Treasurer of Chicago are elected separately, as are the 50 alderpersons who form the city council. The mayor is empowered, however, to fill vacancies in any of these 52 elected offices by appointment. In turn, the city council elects one of its own to fill a mayoral vacancy.

By charter, Chicago has a "weak-mayor" system, in which most of the power is vested in the city council. In practice, however, the mayor of Chicago has long been one of the most powerful municipal chief executives in the nation. Unlike in most other weak-mayor systems, the mayor has the power to draw up the budget. For most of the 20th century, before the decline of patronage and the mayor's office becoming officially nonpartisan in 1999, the mayor was the de facto leader of the city's Democratic Party, and had great influence over the ward organizations.{{cite web|title=Government, City of Chicago|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/532.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815015258/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/532.html|archive-date=15 August 2011|access-date=19 March 2018|website=Encyclopedia of Chicago}} Located in City Hall, "the fifth floor" is sometimes used as a metonym for the office and power of the mayor.{{Cite news|last=Shepard|first=Steven|title=Black women make history in Chicago mayoral election|language=en|work=Politico|url=https://politi.co/2IOMGOu|access-date=2021-04-06 |date=Feb 26, 2019 }}

{{main|Mayoral elections in Chicago}}

The mayor of Chicago is elected by popular vote every four years, on the last Tuesday in February. A run-off election, in case no candidate garners more than fifty percent of the vote, is held on the first Tuesday in April. The election is held on a non-partisan basis. Chicago is the largest city in the United States not to limit the term of service for its mayor.

In accordance with Illinois law,{{cite web |title=65 ILCS 20/21-5.1 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/documents/006500200K21-5.1.htm |website=Illinois General Assembly |publisher=Government of Illinois |access-date=1 March 2020}}{{cite web |title=About City Government & the Chicago City Council |url=https://www.chicityclerk.com/city-council-news-central/council-agenda |website=City Clerk of Chicago |access-date=1 March 2020 |language=en |date=21 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305065436/https://www.chicityclerk.com/city-council-news-central/council-agenda }} the city council elects a vice mayor who serves as interim mayor in the event of a vacancy in the office of the mayor or the inability of the mayor to serve due to illness or injury, until the city council elects one of its members acting mayor or until the mayoral term expires.{{Cite web |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/city-hall/2019/5/17/18629590/lori-lightfoot-chicago-city-council-committee-leadership |title=Lightfoot shakes up the City Council |last=Spielman |first=Fran |date=2019-05-17 |website=Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=2019-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522095056/https://chicago.suntimes.com/city-hall/2019/5/17/18629590/lori-lightfoot-chicago-city-council-committee-leadership |archive-date=2019-05-22 |url-status=live}} However, if a vacancy occurs in the office of mayor with more than 28 months remaining in the mayoral term and at least 130 days before the next general municipal election, then a special election must be held to choose a new mayor to serve out the remainder of the term at that general municipal election; if a vacancy occurs with fewer than 28 months remaining in the mayoral term or fewer than 130 days before the next general municipal election, then the acting mayor serves as mayor until the mayoral term expires.

The order-of succession involving the vice mayor was made concrete following disputes that arose in the aftermath of the death in office of Richard J. Daley, and was subsequently implemented following the death in office of Harold Washington, which saw Vice Mayor David Orr become acting mayor.{{cite web |last1=Pratt |first1=Gregory |title=Wilson Frost remembered: 'He should've been Chicago's first black mayor' |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-met-death-wilson-frost-20180506-story.html |website=chicagotribune.com |publisher=Chicago Tribune |access-date=1 March 2020 |date=7 May 2018}} Prior to this, the city had vague succession laws which indicated that the president pro tempore of the City Council would succeed as mayor. This was not followed after the death of Daley, and the city council appointed Michael Bilandic acting mayor instead of having pro tempore Wilson Frost become mayor,{{cite web |last1= King |first1=Seth S. |title=Bilandic, Lawyer and Daley Friend, Named Acting Mayor of Chicago |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/29/archives/bilandic-lawyer-and-daley-friend-named-acting-mayor-of-chicago.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=15 April 2020 |date=29 December 1976}} due to City Corporation Counsel William R. Quinlan ruling that, since the city did not have a statute specifically outlining succession, the City Council would need to elect the interim mayor.Harold, the People's Mayor: The Biography of Harold Washington by Dempsey Travis, Agate Publishing, Dec 12, 2017

Six instances have seen the City Council appoint either an acting mayor, acting mayor pro tempore, or interim mayor.

In the absence of the mayor during meetings of the city council, the president pro tempore of the city council, who is a member of and elected by the city council, acts as presiding officer. Unlike the mayor, the president pro tempore can vote on all legislative matters. If neither the mayor nor pro tempore can preside, the vice mayor presides.{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Timothy B. |title=MONEY AND MACHINE POLITICS An Analysis of Corporate and Labor Contributions in Chicago City Council Elections |url=https://pols.uic.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/273/2018/10/p_moneyandmachinepolitics.pdf |access-date=15 April 2020}}

File:Joseph Medill.jpg (#26) was the first foreign-born mayor.]]

File:John_Patrick_Hopkins.jpg

File:William Hale Thompson head shot.tif (#41) was the last Republican mayor of Chicago.]]

File:JaneByrne1985 (a).jpg (#50) was the first female mayor.]]

File:Washington h.jpg (#51) was the first African American mayor.]]

File:Richard M. Daley (4655925743 aacdba6297 n) (cropped).jpg (#54) was the longest-serving mayor (22 years).]]

File:Lori Ligfhtfoot at signing of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (FEQycLjWYAITszv).jpg (#56) was the first African American female and the first openly gay female mayor of Chicago.]]

Between 1833 and 1837, Chicago was incorporated as a town and headed by town presidents. Since 1837, it has been incorporated as a city and headed by mayors.

The mayoral term in Chicago was one year from 1837 through 1863, when it was changed to two years. In 1907, it was changed again, this time to four years. Until 1861, municipal elections were held in March. In that year, legislation moved them to April. In 1869, however, election day was changed to November, and terms expiring in April of that year were changed. In 1875, election day was moved back to April by the city's vote to operate under the Cities and Villages Act of 1872.

^† Died/murdered in office.

¹ Since 1999, mayoral elections have officially been nonpartisan. A 1995 Illinois law stipulated that "candidates for mayor ... no longer would run under party labels in Chicago". However, Richard M. Daley, Rahm Emanuel, Lori Lightfoot, and Brandon Johnson are known to be Democrats.{{cite news|title=Gov. Edgar To End City Partisan Votes|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1995/07/07/edgar-is-set-to-end-city-partisan-votes/|publisher=Chicago Tribune|first=Thomas|last=Hardy|date=July 7, 1995|access-date=September 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007120504/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-07-07/news/9507070087_1_nonpartisan-election-election-commissioners-first-black-mayor|archive-date=October 7, 2012|url-status=live}}

{{Infobox Political post

| post = Vice mayor

| body = Chicago

| insignia =

| insigniasize = 150px

| insigniacaption = Seal of the City of Chicago

| image = Walter Burnett Jr. 2015.jpg

| incumbent = Walter Burnett

| incumbentsince = May 15, 2023

| style =

| residence =

| appointer =

| termlength =

| formation = 1976

| inaugural = Casey Laskowski

| salary = $0

| website =

}}

In accordance with Illinois law, the city council elects a vice mayor who serves as interim mayor in the event of a vacancy in the office of the mayor or the inability of the mayor to serve due to illness or injury, until the city council elects one of its members acting mayor or until the mayoral term expires. The current vice mayor is Walter Burnett.

The position was created by a state law that was passed in response to the power struggle that took place over succession following Richard J. Daley's death in office.{{cite web |title=Another City Council Stealth Budget |date=March 29, 2010 |first=Hugh |last=Devlin |url=http://www.chicagotalks.org/?p=6353 |publisher=Chicago Talks |access-date=15 April 2020}}{{cite web |title=65 ILCS 20/21-5.1 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/documents/006500200K21-5.1.htm |website=Illinois General Assembly |access-date=15 April 2020}}

If neither the mayor nor president pro tempore can preside over a City Council meeting, then the vice mayor presides.

The position was long considered to be largely ceremonial.{{cite web |last1=Dumke |first1=Mick |title=A Million Here, a Million There . . . |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/a-million-here-a-million-there--/Content?oid=920904 |website=Chicago Reader |access-date=17 April 2020 |language=en |date=5 January 2006}} However, in 2023, Mayor Brandon Johnson successfully championed a resolution that gave the office a $400,000 budget. He also had his vice mayor, Burnett, act as an official community liaison for the mayoral administration.Multiple sources

• {{cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/fran-spielman-show/2023/6/1/23745625/walter-burnett-chicago-city-council-vice-mayor-brandon-johnson |title=Inside the political survival of Chicago City Council dean |date=2023-06-01 |first1=Fran |last1=Spielman |work=Chicago Sun-Times}}
• {{cite web |last1=Laurence |first1=Justin |title=Mayor Johnson wants to expand Ald. Burnett's role as his new vice mayor |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/politics/brandon-johnson-walter-burnett-vice-mayor |website=chicagobusiness.com |publisher=Crain's Chicago Business |access-date=19 March 2024 |date=May 24, 2023}}
• {{cite web |last1=Cherone |first1=Heather |title=Chicago City Council Votes 41-9 to Ratify Johnson's Picks for Leadership Team |url=https://news.wttw.com/2023/05/24/chicago-city-council-votes-41-9-ratify-johnson-s-picks-leadership-team |publisher=WTTW News |access-date=19 March 2024 |date=May 24, 2023}}

{{Portal|Chicago}}

• Law and government of Chicago
• Timeline of Chicago history

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Byrne |first=Jane |author-link=Jane Byrne |title=My Chicago |publisher=Northwestern University Press |year=2004}}
• {{Cite book |last=Harrison |first=Carter Henry |author-link=Carter Harrison IV |title=Stormy Years: The Autobiography of Carter H. Harrison, Five Times Mayor of Chicago |year=1935}}
• {{Cite book |last=Simpson |first=Dick |title=The Good Fight: Life Lessons from a Chicago Progressive |year=2017 |publisher=Golden Alley Press |isbn=978-0998442945}}

• {{Cite book |last=Banfield |first=Edward C. |title=Political Influence |year=1961}}{{snd}}covers major public issues 1957 to 1958 in Chicago
• {{Cite thesis |last=Becker |first=Richard Edward |title=Edward Dunn, Reform Mayor of Chicago: 1905-1907 |degree=PhD |publisher=The University of Chicago}}
• {{Cite book |last=Bennett |first=Larry |title=The City, Revisited: Urban Theory from Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York |year=2011 |editor-last=Judd |editor-first=Dennis R. |pages=242–272 |chapter=The Mayor among His Peers: Interpreting Richard M. Daley |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |jstor=10.5749/j.cttts735.14 |isbn=978-0-8166-6575-4 |editor-last2=Simpson |editor-first2=Dick}}
• {{Cite book |last=Biles |first=Roger |title=Mayor Harold Washington: Champion of Race and Reform in Chicago |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2018 |doi=10.5406/j.ctvvnhdn|isbn=978-0-252-05052-7 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Biles |first=Roger |title=Big City Boss in Depression and War: Mayor Edward J. Kelly of Chicago |year=1984}}
• {{Cite thesis |last=Biles |first=William Roger |title=Mayor Edward J. Kelly of Chicago: Big City Boss in Depression and War |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Illinois at Chicago |year=1981}}
• {{Cite journal |last1=Bradley |first1=Donald S. |last2=Zald |first2=Mayer N. |year=1965 |title=From commercial elite to political administrator: The recruitment of the mayors of Chicago |journal=American Journal of Sociology |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=153–167 |doi=10.1086/224030 |jstor=2774548}}
• {{Cite book |last=Bradley |first=Donald S. |title=The historical trends of the political elites and metropolitan Central City: the Chicago mayors |year=1963}}
• {{Cite book |last=Bukowski |first=Douglas |title=Big Bill Thompson, Chicago, and the Politics of Image |year=1998}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Bukowski |first=Douglas |year=1978 |title=William Dever and Prohibition: The mayoral election of 1923 and 1927 |journal=Chicago History |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=109–118}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Carl |first=Jim |year=2009 |title='Good Politics Is Good Government': The Troubling History of Mayoral Control of the Public Schools in Twentieth-Century Chicago |journal=American Journal of Education |volume=115 |issue=2 |pages=305–336 |doi=10.1086/595666}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Adam |title=American pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley, his battle for Chicago and the nation |last2=Taylor |first2=Elizabeth |year=2001 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=0316834890}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Fehrenbacher |first=Don E. |year=1957 |title=Lincoln and the Mayor of Chicago |journal=Wisconsin Magazine of History |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=237–244 |jstor=4633136}}{{snd}}about Long John Wentworth
• {{Cite book |last=Gottfried |first=Alex |title=Boss Cermak of Chicago: A Study of Political Leadership |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1962}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Green |first1=Paul M. |title=The Mayors: The Chicago Political Tradition |last2=Holli |first2=Melvin G. |year=2013 |edition=4th}}{{snd}}scholarly biographies about Medill, Harrison II, Dunne, Busse, Thompson, Dever, Cermak, Kelly, Kennelly, both Daleys, Bilandic, Byrne, Washington, and Emanuel
• {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_r8s1 |title=Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980 |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1981 |editor-last=Holli |editor-first=Melvin G. |editor-last2=Jones |editor-first2=Peter d'A.}}{{snd}}short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980; see index at p. 408 for list
• {{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Claudius O. |url=https://archive.org/details/carterhenryharr00abbogoog |title=Carter Henry Harrison I: Political Leader |year=1928}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Gene Delon |year=1974 |title=The Origin of the Alliance Between the New Deal and the Chicago Machine |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |volume=67 |pages=253–274}}
• {{Cite book |last=Kleppner |first=Paul |title=Chicago Divided: The Making of a Black Mayor |year=1985}}
• {{Cite book |last=Lydersen |first=Kari |title=Mayor 1%: Rahm Emanuel and the Rise of Chicago's 99% |publisher=Haymarket Books |year=2013}}
• {{Cite book |last=Koeneman |first=Keith |title=First Son: The Biography of Richard M. Daley |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2013}}
• {{Cite journal |last=McCarthy |first=Michael P. |year=1974 |title=Prelude to Armageddon: Charles E. Merriam and the Chicago Mayoral Election of 1911 |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |volume=67 |issue=5 |pages=505–518 |jstor=40191143}}
• {{Cite book |last=Mantler |first=Gordon K. |title=The Multiracial Promise. Harold Washington's Chicago and the Democratic Struggle in Reagan's America |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=2023}}
• {{Cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=Jon |last2=Connor |first2=Matthew |year=2019 |title=Divided Loyalties: The Chicago Defender and Harold Washington's Campaign for Mayor of Chicago |journal=American Journalism |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=447–472|doi=10.1080/08821127.2019.1683405 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Morton |first=Richard Allen |title=Justice and Humanity: Edward F. Dunne, Illinois Progressive |publisher=SIU Press |year=1997}}
• {{Cite thesis |last=Morton |first=Richard Allen |title=Justice and humanity: The politics of Edward F. Dunne |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |year=1988}}
• O'Malley, Peter Joseph. "Mayor Martin H. Kennelly of Chicago: A Political Biography" (PhD Dissertation. University of Illinois at Chicago; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses,  1980. 8023247).
• Pacyga, Dominic A. Clout City: The Rise and Fall of the Chicago Political Machine (U of Chicago Press, 2025) [https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo251984625.html online]

• {{Cite journal |last=Preston |first=Michael B. |year=1983 |title=The Election of Harold Washington: Black Voting Patterns in the 1983 Chicago Mayoral Race |journal=PS |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=486–488 |doi=10.2307/418606|jstor=418606 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Rex |first=Frederick |title=The mayors of the city of Chicago from 1837 to 1933 |year=1947}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Schottenhamel |first=George |year=1952 |title=How Big Bill Thompson Won Control of Chicago |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=30–49 |jstor=40189189}}
• {{Cite book |last=Schmidt |first=John R. |title=The Mayor Who Cleaned up Chicago: A Political Biography of William E. Dever |year=1989}}
• {{Cite book |last=Shipps |first=Dorothy |title=Brookings Institution Press |year=2009 |editor-last=Viteritti |editor-first=Joseph P. |pages=117–147 |chapter=Updating Tradition: The Institutional Underpinnings of Modern Mayoral Control in Chicago's Public Schools |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |jstor=10.7864/j.ctt6wphgm.11|isbn=978-0-8157-9044-0 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Simpson |first=Dick |title=Rogues, Rebels, and Rubber Stamps: The Politics of the Chicago City Council, 1863 to the Present |year=2018}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Simpson |first1=Dick |title=Local Politics and Mayoral Elections in 21st Century America |last2=Mouritsen |first2=Melissa |last3=O'Shaughnessy |first3=Betty |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |pages=99–115 |chapter=Chicago: The Election of Rahm Emanuel}}
• {{Cite book |last=Spirou |first=Costas |title=Building the City of Spectacle: Mayor Richard M. Daley and the Remaking of Chicago |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2016 |jstor=10.7591/j.ctt20d8b1h|isbn=978-1-5017-0683-7 }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Tompkins |first=C. David |year=1963 |title=John Peter Altgeld as a Candidate for Mayor of Chicago in 1899 |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=654–676 |jstor=40189944}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Wendt |first1=Lloyd |url=https://archive.org/details/bigbillofchicago0000wend |title=Big Bill of Chicago |last2=Kogan |first2=Herman |year=1953}}{{snd}}Popular biography of Big Bill Thompson
• {{Cite journal |last1=Zald |first1=Mayer N. |last2=Anderson |first2=Thomas A. |year=1968 |title=Secular Trends and Historical Contingencies in the Recruitment of Mayors: Nashville as Compared to New Haven and Chicago |journal=Urban Affairs Quarterly |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=53–68|doi=10.1177/107808746800300403 }}

• [http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/mayor.html Mayor's official webpage]
• [https://ballotpedia.org/History_of_Chicago%27s_mayoral_office "History of Chicago's mayoral office" from Ballotpedia]
• {{cite web |url=http://www.chipublib.org/cplbooksmovies/cplarchive/mayors/mayorlist.php |title=A Chronology of Chicago's Mayors |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=2010-05-26}}

{{Commons category|Mayors of Chicago}}

{{Clear}}

{{Mayors of Chicago}}

{{Vice Mayors of Chicago|state=collapsed}}

{{Chicago municipal government officials}}

{{Chicago}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mayor Of Chicago}}

Category:1837 establishments in Illinois

Category:Government of Chicago

Chicago

*