milk paint
{{Short description|Nontoxic milk-based paint bound with casein}}
File:Petal5 stacking stools 1.jpg
Milk paint is a nontoxic, milk-based paint bound with casein. It can be made from milk and lime, generally with pigments added for color.{{cite book |title=Plain and Pleasant Talk about fruits, flowers and farming |last=Beecher |first=Henry Ward |author-link= Henry Ward Beecher |year=1859 |publisher=Derby & Jackson |location=Harvard University |entry-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924000019772/page/n192 |pages=187–188 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924000019772 |entry=Milk paint}}{{cite periodical |magazine=The Transvaal Agricultural Journal |volume= 4 |publisher= Transvaal Department of Agriculture |year=1906 |title=Useful facts and figures for farmers and fruit growers |page=876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qoIAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA876 |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223073146/https://books.google.com/books?id=3qoIAQAAIAAJ&q=Milk+paint&pg=RA2-PA876 |url-status=live }}{{cite book |title=The Painter, Gilder, and Varnisher's Companion: containing rules and regulations in every thing relating to the arts of painting, gilding, varnishing and glass-staining |last=Baird |first=Henry Carey |author-link=Henry Carey Baird |year=1867 |publisher=Henry Carey Baird |location=Philadelphia |pages=97–99 |edition=10th |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcM5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA98 |chapter=Painting in Milk |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223073530/https://books.google.com/books?id=IcM5AAAAMAAJ&q=Milk+paint&pg=PA98 |url-status=live }} In other recipes, borax is mixed with milk's casein protein in order to activate the casein and as a preservative.{{cite periodical |title=Magic of chemurgy duplicated in the home laboratory |date=February 1942 |magazine=Popular Science |pages=199–201 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pScDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA199 |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223073157/https://books.google.com/books?id=pScDAAAAMBAJ&q=milk+paint+Borax&pg=PA199 |url-status=live }}{{cite periodical |title=How is it Made |last=Wailes |first=Raymond B. |date=March 1940 |magazine=Popular Science |pages=209–211 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA209 |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223073946/https://books.google.com/books?id=wCYDAAAAMBAJ&q=milk+paint+Borax&pg=PA209 |url-status=live }} The paint adheres best to porous substrates such as wood, its common traditional use, but will adhere also and with greater sheen to non-porous ones, especially if mixed with appropriate bonding agents.{{cite web |url=https://www.thisoldhouse.com/painting/21528976/all-about-milk-paint |title=All About Milk Paint |last=Melkin |first=Nina |website=This Old House |date=27 October 2020 |access-date=5 March 2024}}{{cite web |url=https://www.familyhandyman.com/article/what-is-milk-paint/ |title=What is Milk Paint and Should You Be Using It? |last=Erickson |first=Alexa |website=family handyman |date=20 August 2023 |access-date=5 March 2024}}{{cite web |url=https://www.homesandgardens.com/interior-design/paint/a-guide-to-milk-paint |title=What is milk paint? And how to use it in your home |last=Dickson |first=Chiana |website=Homes & Gardens |date=15 February 2024 |access-date=5 March 2024}} It has been in use for thousands of years. Traditionally, and usually still, made wholly of natural ingredients, it is extremely durable, often lasting for centuries if protected from the elements.
History, production, and uses
The ancient history of milk in paint is attested by a primitive combination of wild bovid milk and ochre used on a stone tool found in a South African cave and dated to 49,000 years ago, tens of thousands of years before the Neolithic domestication of cattle.{{cite web |url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/3448-south-africa-paleolithic-milk-based-paint |title=Paleolithic Milk-Based Paint Discovered |website=Archeology |date=1 July 2015 |access-date=5 March 2024 |archive-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703204157/https://www.archaeology.org/news/3448-south-africa-paleolithic-milk-based-paint |url-status=bot: unknown }} Goats’ milk provided the binder for lacquer paint used on the Ancient Egyptian tomb of King Tutankhamun.{{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/yes-you-can-make-paint-out-goats-milk-180949552/ |title=Making Paint Out of Goat's Milk Is an Ancient Idea |last=Evelyth |first=Rose |website=Homes & Gardens |date=31 January 2014 |access-date=5 March 2024}}
Before the invention of acrylics, most house paint binders not made from oil instead used casein. Abundant historical production documents outline the manufacture of milk paint on an industrial scale.{{Cite book|title=Casein: Its preparation and technical utilisation.|last=Robert|first=Scherer|date=2010|publisher=Nabu Press|isbn=9781178313543|oclc=944390964}} However, because oil-based and acrylic-based paint resins have come to be made in vast quantities with common oils, such as linseed, and petrochemicals, their price can be much lower than that of milk paint, which commercially is now made only on a small scale.
Borax-casein milk paint combines the advantages of an all-natural paint with the convenience of a ready-made paint, as it keeps for six months or more if sealed very tight to retain the moisture, although in time the casein binder will break down. Lime-casein milk paint does not come pre-mixed but is sold as a powder;{{cite web
| title =A BRIEF HISTORY OF MILK PAINT
| publisher =The Old Fashioned Milk Paint Co.
| url =http://www.milkpaint.com/about_history.html
| access-date =24 October 2009
| archive-date =7 July 2015
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150707020150/http://www.milkpaint.com/about_history.html
| url-status =dead
}} once water is added, the lime activates the casein and yields a durable paint that is caustic till it dries but safe and odorless thereafter. Once lime-casein milk paint has been mixed, it must be used within a day, or a few days if refrigerated.{{cite book
|title= Furniture You Can Build: Projects That Hone Your Skills
|others= Del Brown (photography)
|first=Joe |last=Hurst-Wajszczuk
|year= 2006
|publisher= Taunton Press
|isbn= 1-56158-796-6
|page= [https://archive.org/details/furnitureyoucanb0000hurs/page/52 52]
|url= https://archive.org/details/furnitureyoucanb0000hurs|url-access= registration
|quote= Milk paint spoil.
}}
Today, milk paint is used not just on antique furniture and accurate replicas of it but on pieces of modern style.Terri McGraw [http://www.cfnews13.com/FamilyAndHome/YourHome/2009/9/29/prime_painting_tips.html Additional Tips: Milk Paint]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Prime Painting Tips
Tuesday, September 29, 2009 Central Florida News 13 The resulting finish has depth of color and a mottled appearance that may be used to give furnishings and rooms a rustic, shabby chic character.{{cite web |url=https://www.familyhandyman.com/article/what-is-milk-paint/ |title=What is Milk Paint and Should You Be Using It? |last=Erickson |first=Alexa |website=family handyman |date=20 August 2023 |access-date=5 March 2024}}{{cite web |url=https://www.homesandgardens.com/interior-design/paint/a-guide-to-milk-paint |title=What is milk paint? And how to use it in your home |last=Dickson |first=Chiana |website=Homes & Gardens |date=15 February 2024 |access-date=5 March 2024}}