missile

{{See also|History of rockets and missiles}}

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1975-117-26, Marschflugkörper V1 vor Start.jpg, amongst the first guided missiles]]

Rockets were the precursor to modern missiles and the first rockets were used as propulsion systems for arrows as early as the 10th century in China.{{Cite book|last=Crosby|first=Alfred W.|title=Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-5217-9158-8|pages=100–103}} Usage of rockets as weapons before modern rocketry is attested to in China, Korea, India and Europe. In the 18th century, iron-cased rockets were used in India by the Kingdom of Mysore and Maratha Empire against the British which was developed into Congreve rocket and used in the Napoleonic Wars.{{Cite book|last1=Forbes|first1=James|last2=Rosée comtesse de Montalembert|first2=Eliza|title=Oriental Memoirs – A Narrative of Seventeen Years Residence in India, Part 68, Volume 1|date=1834|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2IOAAAAQAAJ|access-date=26 April 2022|quote=The war rocket used by the Mahrattas which very often annoyed us, is composed of an iron tube eight or ten inches long and nearly two inches in diameter. This destructive weapon is sometimes fixed to a rod iron, sometimes to a straight two-edged sword, but most commonly to a strong bamboo cane four or five feet long with an iron spike projecting beyond the tube to this rod or staff, the tube filled with combustible materials}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/TRC/Rockets/history_of_rockets.html|title=Brief History of Rockets|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=NASA}}

In the early 20th century, American Robert Goddard and German Hermann Oberth developed early rockets propelled by jet engines.{{Cite news|title=Topics of the Times|url=http://it.is.rice.edu/~rickr/goddard.editorial.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209230323/http://it.is.rice.edu/~rickr/goddard.editorial.html|archive-date=9 February 2008|work=New York Times|date=13 January 2013|access-date=21 June 2007}} In the 1920s, Soviet Union developed solid fuel rockets at the Gas Dynamics Laboratory.{{Cite web|last1=Zak|first1=Anatoly|title=Gas Dynamics Laboratory|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/gdl.html|website=Russian Space Web|access-date=29 May 2022}} Later, the first missiles to be used operationally were a series of rocket based missiles developed by Nazi Germany during World War II including the V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket which used mechanical autopilot to keep the missile flying along a pre-chosen route.{{Cite web|title=The V Weapons|url=https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/world-war-two-in-western-europe/the-v-revenge-weapons/the-v-weapons/|website=History Learning Site}} Less well known were a series of anti-ship and anti-aircraft missiles, typically based on a simple radio control (command guidance) system directed by the operator. However, these early systems in World War II were only built in small numbers.{{cite web|title=The V Weapons|url=https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/world-war-two-in-western-europe/the-v-revenge-weapons/the-v-weapons/|website=History Learning Site}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/british-response-v1-and-v2/|title=British Response to V1 and V2|website=The National Archives}}{{Cite web|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/missile-surface-surface-v-2-4|title=Missile, Surface-to-Surface, V-2 (A-4)|date=April 1, 2016|website=National Air and Space Museum}} After World War II, the advent of the Cold War and development of nuclear weapons necessitated faster, more accurate and more versatile missiles with longer range and missile development was pursued by multiple countries.

File:Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation.png.]]

Various attempts have been made to control the spread of long range missiles capable of carrying weapons of mass destruction, such as the Missile Technology Control Regime (1987) and the International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (2002). These were voluntary and not international treaties. Though not legally binding, more than 140 countries have been part of these agreements, and provide prior information on missile programs, expected launches, and tests.{{cite web |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2003-01/news/code-conduct-aims-stop-ballistic-missile-proliferation |title=Code of Conduct Aims to Stop Ballistic Missile Proliferation |last=Kerr |first=Paul |work=Arms Control Association |year=2003 |access-date=3 November 2024}}{{cite web |url=https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2021/08/hague-code-of-conduct/ |title=Appraising the Hague Code of Conduct |last1=Stefanovich |first1=Dmitry |last2=Wright |first2=Timothy |publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=3 August 2021 |access-date=3 November 2024}} The gradual introduction of missile launched hypersonic glide vehicles since 2019, anti-satellite missiles, and the deployment of dual use missiles capable of carrying both conventional and nuclear warheads are proliferation concerns.

{{main|Missile guidance}}

File:Missile homing.jpg system]]

A missile is most often guided by a guidance system though there are missiles that are unguided during some phases of flight. Missile guidance refers to methods of guiding a missile to its intended target. Effective guidance is important because reaching the target position accurately and precisely is a critical factor for its effectiveness.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wjVnisG_6KMC&q=Probability+of+guidance&pg=PA34|title=Fundamentals of Strategic Weapons: Offense and Defense Systems|isbn=978-9-0247-2545-8|last1=Constant|first1=James N.|date=27 September 1981|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers }} The missile guidance system accomplishes this by four steps: tracking the target, computing the directions using tracking information, directing the computed inputs to steering control and steering the missile by directing inputs to motors or flight control surfaces.{{Cite book|title=Aviation Ordnanceman 3 & 2|page=355|year=1967|publisher=United States Bureau of Naval Personnel}} The guidance system consists of three sections: launch, mid-course and terminal with same or different systems employed across sections.

[[File:Solid-Fuel Rocket Diagram.svg|thumb|200px|A simplified diagram of a solid-fuel rocket. {{olist

|A propellant is packed with a hole in the middle

|An igniter combusts the propellant

|The hole acts as a combustion chamber

|The hot exhaust is choked at the throat

|Exhaust exits the rocket

}}]]

The guidance and homing systems are generally classified broadly into active, semi-active and passive.{{Cite book|title=Missile Guidance and Control Systems|first=George|last=Siouris|year=2006|isbn=978-0-3872-1816-8|publisher=Springer New York|page=6}} In active homing systems, the missile carries the equipment needed to transmit the radiation needed to illuminate the target and receive the reflected energy. Once the homing is initiated, the missile directs independently towards the target.{{Cite book|title=Weapons System Fundamentals: Synthesis of systems|page=60|year=1960|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}} In semi-active systems, the source of the radiation is located outside the missile usually in the launch vehicle which might be an aircraft or a ship and the missile will receive the radiation to direct towards the target. As the source is located outside, the launch vehicle needs to continue supporting the missile till it is guided to the intended target.{{Cite book|title=Fire Control Technician M 3 & 2|publisher=United States Naval Education and Training Command|year=1978|page=87}} In a passive system, the missile relies solely on the information from the target. The homing system might use light such as infrared, laser or visible light, radio waves or other electromagnetic radiation to illuminate the target. Once the guidance system identifies the target, the target might required to be tracked continuously if it is in motion. A guidance system might use INS which consists of a gyroscope and accelerometer or might use satellite guidance (such as GPS) to track the missile’s position relative to a known target.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/inertial-guidance-system|title=Inertial Guidance System|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}} The missile computers will compute the flight path required to steer the missile towards the target. In command guidance, a human operator may operate it manually or a support or launch system will transmit commands by using either optic fiber or radio to guide the missile.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/command-guidance-system|title=Command Guidance System|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}} The flight system uses the data from the targeting or guidance system to maneuver the missile in flight which might be accomplished using vectored thrust of engines or aerodynamic maneuvering using flight control surfaces such as wings, fins and canards.{{Cite web|url=https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/vectored-thrust/|title=Vectored thrust|publisher=NASA|access-date=1 December 2023}}

Missiles are powered by propellants igniting to produce thrust and might employ types of rocket or jet engines.{{Cite web|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/rocket-engine-liquid-fuel-4-redstone-missile/nasm_A19910078000|title=Redstone Missile Rocket Engine|publisher=National Air and Space Museum}} Rockets might be fueled by solid-propellants which are comparatively easier to maintain and enables faster deployment. These propellants contain a fuel and oxidizer mixed in select proportions with the grain size and burn chamber determining the rate and time of burn.{{Cite book|last1=Kosanke|first1=K. L.|title=Encyclopedic Dictionary of Pyrotechnics: (and Related Subjects)|last2=Sturman|first2=Barry T.|last3=Winokur|first3=Robert M.|last4=Kosanke|first4=B. J.|date=October 2012|publisher=Journal of Pyrotechnics|isbn=978-1-889526-21-8|language=en}} Larger missiles might use liquid-propellant rockets where propulsion is provided by a single or combination of liquid fuels.{{cite book|last=Sutton|first=George P.|title=Rocket Propulsion Elements, 3rd edition|year=1963|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|pages=25, 186, 187}} A hybrid system uses solid rocket fuel with a liquid oxidizer. Jet engines are generally used in cruise missiles, most commonly of the turbojet type, because of their relative simplicity and low frontal area while turbofans and ramjets can also be theoretically used.{{Cite web|title=Turbojet Engine|publisher=NASA Glenn Research Center|url=http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/aturbj.html|access-date=6 May 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.brahmos.com/content.php?id=10|title=Missile system|publisher=Brahmos aerospace|access-date=1 December 2023}} Long-range missiles have multiple engine stages and might use similar type or a mix of engine types. Some missiles may have additional propulsion from another source at launch such as a catapult, cannon or tank gun.{{Cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/technology-cluster-links/labs-products-detail/2632/174|title=Lab products: SAMHO|publisher=DRDO|access-date=1 December 2023}}

Missiles have one or more explosive warheads, although other weapon types may also be used.{{Cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/warhead|title=Warhead|publisher=Cambridge|access-date=1 December 2023}} The warheads of a missile provide its primary destructive power which might cause secondary destruction due to the kinetic energy of the weapon and unused fuel.{{cn|date=December 2023}} Warheads are most commonly of the high explosive type, often employing shaped charges to exploit the accuracy of a guided weapon to destroy hardened targets. Warhead might carry conventional, incendiary, nuclear, chemical, biological or radiological weapons.{{Cite book|title=Tactical Missile Warheads|year=1993|publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Incorporated|first=Joseph|last=Carleone}}

{{See also|List of missiles}}

Missiles can be classified into categories by various parameters such as type, launch platform and target, range, propulsion and guidance system.{{Cite web|url=https://www.brahmos.com/content.php?id=10&sid=9|title=Missile classification|publisher=Brahmos|access-date=1 December 2023}} Missiles are generally categorized into strategic or tactical missile systems. Tactical missile systems are short-range systems used to carry out a limited strike in a smaller area and might carry conventional or nuclear warheads.{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/with-putins-nuclear-threat-strategic-weapons-and-tactical-8179645/|title=Strategic and nuclear weapons|publisher=Indian Express|access-date=1 December 2023}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/strategic-missile|title=Strategic missile|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}} Strategic missiles are long-range weapons used to target beyond the immediate vicinity and are mostly designed to carry nuclear warheads though other warheads can also be fitted.

[[File:Minuteman III MIRV path.svg|thumb|upright=1|Typical ballistic missile sequence: {{ubl

|1. Launches by firing motor1(A)

|2. Stage1 drops, motor2(B) ignites & shroud(E) ejects

|3. Motor3(C) ignites and separates

|4. Stage3 terminates and post-boost vehicle(D) separates

|5. Vehicle maneuvers itself and prepares re-entry vehicle (RV)

|6. RV with decoys and chaffs deploys

|7. RV re-enters the atmosphere

|8. Warhead(s) detonate on target}}]]

Strategic weapons are often classified into cruise and ballistic missiles. Ballistic missiles are powered by rockets during launch and follow a trajectory that arches upwards before descending to reach its intended target while cruise missiles are continuously powered by jet engines and travel at a flatter trajectory.{{Cite web|url=https://militaryview.com/what-are-the-differences-between-a-ballistic-missile-and-a-cruise-missile/|title=Difference between ballistic and cruise missiles|date=14 September 2023 |publisher=Military view|access-date=1 December 2023}}

A ballistic missile is powered by single or multiple rockets in stages initially before following an unpowered trajectory that arches upwards before descending to reach its intended target. It can carry both nuclear and conventional warheads.{{Cite web|url=https://armscontrolcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Ballistic-vs.-Cruise-Missiles-Fact-Sheet.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830223143/https://armscontrolcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Ballistic-vs.-Cruise-Missiles-Fact-Sheet.pdf|url-status=live|title=Ballistic vs cruise missiles|archive-date=30 August 2020|publisher=Arms Control Center|access-date=1 December 2023}} A ballistic missile might reach supersonic or hypersonic speed and often travel out of the Earth's atmosphere before re-entry.{{Cite news|title=World's military powers|newspaper=The Independent|url=http://www.independent.co.ug/index.php/reports/world-report/74-world-report-/172-worlds-military-powers|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530062700/http://www.independent.co.ug/index.php/reports/world-report/74-world-report-/172-worlds-military-powers|archive-date=30 May 2010}} It usually has three stages of flight:

• Boost phase: First phase at launch when one or more stages of rocket engine(s) fire propelling the missile
• Mid-course phase: Second phase when the rocket engines stop firing and the missile continues ascending upwards on the given trajectory
• Terminal phase: Final phase when the warhead(s) detach and descend towards the target

File:Tomahawk Block IV cruise missile.jpg in flight]]

Ballistic missiles are categorized based on range as:

• Short-range : less than {{convert|1000|km}}
• Medium-range : {{convert|1000|km}} to {{convert|3000|km}}
• Intermediate-range : {{convert|3000|km}} to {{convert|5500|km}}
• Inter-continental : greater than {{convert|5500|km}}

A cruise missile is a guided missile that remains in the atmosphere and flies the major portion of its flight at a constant speed.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/cruise-missile|title=Cruise missile|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}} It is designed to deliver a large warhead over long distances with high precision and are propelled by jet engines. A cruise missile can be launched from multiple platforms and is often self-guided. It flies at lower speeds (often subsonic or supersonic) and close to the surface of the Earth, which expends more fuel but makes it difficult to detect.

Missiles might be also be classified basis launch platform and target into surface-to-air, surface-to-surface, air-to-air, air-to-surface, anti-ship and anti-tank.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/missile#ref4906|title=Missile|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"style="font-size: 85%"

!System

!Abbreviation

!Launch platform

!Target

|-

|Anti-ship

|AShM

|Air/Land/Water

|Water

|-

|Anti-tank

|ATGM

|Air/Land

|Land

|-

|Air-to-air

|AAM

|Air

|Air

|-

|Air-to-surface

|ASM

|Air

|Land

|-

|Surface-to-air

|SAM

|Land

|Air

|-

|Surface-to-surface

|SSM

|Land

|Land

|-

|Anti-satellite

|ASAT

|Air/Land/Water

|Space

|-

|}

{{multiple image

| border =

| total_width = 210

| direction = vertical

| align = right

| caption_align = center

| image1 = Exocet-mil.jpg

| caption1 = An Exocet Anti-ship missile in flight

| image2 = Army-fgm148.jpg

| caption2 = An FGM-148 Javelin Anti-tank missile

| image3 = Aircraft Combat Archer (2565196807).jpg

| caption3 = An AIM-120 AMRAAM AAM fired from a F-22

| image4 = Rudram-1.jpg

| caption4 = A mounted Rudram-1 Air-to-surface missile

| image5 = Akash_MK-1S_missile_test_on_27_May_2019_-_1.jpg

| caption5 = An Akash SAM fired from a mobile platform

| image6 = ATACMSMay2006 (cropped).jpg

| caption6 = A MGM-140 ATACMS surface-surface missile

| image7 = CASATCoOrbital01.jpg

| caption7 = An artist's impression of an ASAT

}}

{{Main|Anti-ship missile|anti-ship ballistic missile|anti-submarine missile}}

An anti-ship missile (AShM) is designed for use against large boats and ships such as destroyers and aircraft carriers. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A large number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way. Many anti-ship missiles can be launched from a variety of weapons systems including surface warships, submarines, fighter aircraft, maritime patrol aircraft, helicopters, shore batteries, land vehicles and by infantry.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/antiship-missile|title=Anti ship missile|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}}

Anti-submarine missile is a standoff anti-submarine weapon variant of anti-ship missiles used to deliver an explosive warhead aimed directly at a submarine, a depth charge, or a homing torpedo.{{Cite book|title=Submarine Warfare, Today and Tomorrow|first1=John Evelyn|last1=Moore|first2=Richard|last2=Compton-Hall|year=1987|isbn=978-0-9175-6121-4|publisher=Adler & Adler|page=23}}

{{Main|Anti-tank guided missile}}

An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles. ATGMs range in size from shoulder-launched weapons, which can be transported by a single soldier, to larger tripod-mounted or vehicle and aircraft mounted missile systems. Earlier man-portable anti-tank weapons like anti-tank rifles and magnetic anti-tank mines had a short range but sophisticated antitank missiles can be directed to a longer target by several different guidance systems, including laser guiding, television camera, or wire guiding.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/antitank-guided-missile|title=Anti tank guided missile|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}}

{{Main|Air-to-air missile}}

An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from a fighter aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft. AAMs are typically powered by one or more rocket motors, usually solid fueled but sometimes liquid fueled. A radar or heat emission based homing system is generally used and sometimes can use a combination. Short range missiles used to engage opposing aircraft at ranges of less than 16 km often use infrared guidance while long range missiles mostly rely upon radar guidance.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/tactical-weapons-system|title=Tactical Weapons system|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}}

{{Main|Air-to-surface missile}}

An air-to-surface missile (ASM) is a missile fired from an attack aircraft, strike fighter or an attack helicopter for the purpose of destroying land based targets. Missiles are typically guided and unguided glide bombs not considered missiles. The most common propulsion systems are rocket motor for short range and jet engines for long-range but ramjets are also used. Missile guidance is typically via laser, infrared homing, optical or satellite. Air-to-surface missiles for ground attack by aircraft provide a higher standoff distance engaging targets from far away and out of range of low range air defenses.

{{Main|Surface-to-air missile}}

A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft, other missiles or flying objects. It is a type of anti-aircraft system and missiles have replaced most other forms of anti-aircraft weapons due to the increased range and accuracy. Anti-aircraft guns are being used only for specialized close-in firing roles.{{Cite book|title=A Dictionary of Aviation|first=David W.|last=Wragg|isbn=9780850451634|edition=first|publisher=Osprey|year=1973|page=254}} Missiles can be mounted in clusters on vehicles or towed on trailers and can be hand operated by infantry. SAMs frequently use solid-propellants and may be guided by radar or infrared sensors or by a human operator using optical tracking.

{{Main|Surface-to-surface missile}}

A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea and strike targets on land.{{Cite web|url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/features/the-worlds-top-air-to-surface-missiles/|title=The world's top air-to-surface missiles|date=November 2019 |publisher=Airforce technology|access-date=1 December 2023}} They may be fired from hand-held or vehicle mounted devices, from fixed installations or from a ship. They are often powered by a rocket engine or sometimes fired by an explosive charge, since the launching platform is typically stationary or moving slowly. They usually have fins and/or wings for lift and stability, although hyper-velocity or short-ranged missiles may use body lift or fly a ballistic trajectory.{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of Aviation|first=David W.|last=Wragg|isbn=9780850451634|edition=first|publisher=Osprey|year=1973|page=254}} Most anti-tank and anti-ship missiles are part of surface-to-surface missile systems.

{{Main|Anti-satellite weapon}}

An anti-satellite weapon (ASAT) is a space weapon designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes.{{Cite book|last1=Friedman|first1=Norman|title=The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems|year=1989|publisher=Naval Institute Press|page=244|isbn=9-780-8702-1793-7}} Although no ASAT system has {{as of|2023|alt=yet}} been utilized in warfare, a few countries have successfully shot down their own satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force.{{Cite web|last=Hitchens|first=Theresa|title=Indian ASAT Debris Threatens All LEO Sats: Update|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2019/04/indian-asat-debris-threatens-all-leo-sats/|access-date=6 January 2021|website=Breaking Defense|date=5 April 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109041323/https://breakingdefense.com/2019/04/indian-asat-debris-threatens-all-leo-sats/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=Strout|first=Nathan|date=16 December 2020|title=Space Command calls out another Russian anti-satellite weapon test|url=https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2020/12/16/space-command-calls-out-another-russian-anti-satellite-weapon-test/|access-date=2021-01-06|website=C4ISRNET|language=en-US|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109000347/https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2020/12/16/space-command-calls-out-another-russian-anti-satellite-weapon-test/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Russia conducts space-based anti-satellite weapons test|url=https://www.spacecom.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2285098/russia-conducts-space-based-anti-satellite-weapons-test/|access-date=6 January 2021|website=United States Space Command|language=en-US|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109053433/https://www.spacecom.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2285098/russia-conducts-space-based-anti-satellite-weapons-test/|url-status=live}} ASATs have also been used to remove decommissioned satellites.{{Cite web|last=Gohd|first=Chelsea|date=22 November 2021|title=Russian anti-satellite missile test draws condemnation from space companies and countries|url=https://www.space.com/crussian-anti-satellite-missile-test-world-condemnation|access-date=23 November 2021|publisher=Space.com|language=en}} ASAT roles include defensive measures against an adversary's space-based and nuclear weapons, a force multiplier for a nuclear first strike, a countermeasure against an adversary's anti-ballistic missile defense (ABM), an asymmetric counter to a technologically superior adversary, and a counter-value weapon.{{Cite journal|last=Strauch|first=Adam|title="Still All Quiet on the Orbital Front? The Slow Proliferation of Anti-satellite Weapons|journal=Defence & Strategy|year=2014}}

• Vertical launching system

{{Reflist}}

{{wiktionary|missile}}

• {{Commons-inline|Missile}}
• {{Commons category-inline|Missiles}}

{{Missile types}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Ammunition

Category:Explosive weapons