mock trumpet

{{Short description|Single-reed woodwind instrument}}

{{Infobox instrument

| name = Mock trumpet

| names =

| image =

| image_capt =

| background = woodwind

| classification = aerophone

| hornbostel_sachs = 422.211.2

| hornbostel_sachs_desc = single-reed aerophone with cylindrical bore and fingerholes

| inventors =

| developed =

| range =

| related = arghul, bülban, clarinet, diplica, dili tuiduk, dozaleh, Chalumeau, cifte, launeddas, mijwiz, pilili, Reclam de xeremies, sipsi, zammara, zummara

| musicians =

| builders =

| articles =

}}

The mock trumpet is a single-reed woodwind instrument popular during the second half of the seventeenth century, especially in England. By the 1720s, the mock trumpet was documented in use in the New World.{{cite book|last=Rice|first=A.R.|title=The Baroque Clarinet|year=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-816188-2 |url= https://archive.org/details/baroqueclarinet0000rice}}

The mock trumpet predated the chalumeau and may be one of the primary predecessors of both the chalumeau and clarinet. Thurston Dart wrote that the mock trumpet was the name for the chalumeau in England, and that music was published for it in 1698.{{cite journal |title= The Mock Trumpet |first= Thurston |last= Dart |journal= The Galpin Society Journal |date= July 1953 |volume= 6 |pages= 35–40 |publisher= Galpin Society |doi= 10.2307/841715 |jstor= 841715 |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/841715}}

File:Reeds kataglott anaglott.jpgs in which the reed is still part of the reed stem. Also used in bagpipes. Reeds can be split from middle upward (kataglott, the reed hangs down) and from top downward (anaglott, the reed stands up).]]

Mock trumpets are keyless reed-pipes, closed on one end by the natural joint of the cane and wrapped in leather. The reed is idioglottal, meaning that it is a tongue cut but not detached from the reed itself. The reed was placed on the upper side of the instrument and vibrated against the upper lip; the pipe had six tone holes on top and one in the back.{{cite book|last=Hoeprich|first=E|title=The Clarinet|year=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, CT}} Early chalmeaus used idioglot reeds, as shown in the debate as to whether to install reeds up or down.{{cite journal |title= Chalumeaux |author = Cary Karp |journal= The Galpin Society Journal |date= May 1978 |volume= 31 |pages= 144–146 |publisher= Galpin Society |doi = 10.2307/841198 |jstor = 841198 |url= http://www.jstor.com/stable/841198}} Rice said the idioglot reed was installed with the split going from the top downward (anaglott).{{cite book|last=Rice|first=A.R.|title=The Baroque Clarinet|year=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY |page= 14 |isbn=978-0-19-816188-2 |url= https://archive.org/details/baroqueclarinet0000rice/page/14/mode/1up?view=theater |quote= ... the reed consists of a small tongue detached from the reed itself... the reed [not the tongue] is placed on the upper side, unlike the arrangement in the clarinets of the present day...}}

Documented music for the mock trumpet primarily includes tutors and method books, indicating that this was an instrument studied in the Western Classical tradition.

File:Zurna, bülban, and koşnai, Russian Turkestan 1865 to 1872.jpg|Example of an idioglotic reed pipe with a wooden body (center instrument), Central Asia, circa 1869. From the left: zurna, bülban and dozaleh.

File:Sipsi.jpg|Example of an idioglot reed in a reed body, the sipsi.

Reclam_de_xeremia.jpg|Reed pipes in which the idioglot reeds were carved into the same reed as the rest of the pipe. Reclam de xeremies.

File:Strohhalmchalumeaux Mersenne.jpg|Marin Mersenne's illustration of a chalumeau made from wheat stalks, split to create an idioglot reed.