onychogryphosis
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Onychogryposis
| synonyms = Onychogryposis or Ram's horn nails{{cite book|last=Tosti|first=A|last2=Piraccini|first2=BM|editor-last=Bolognia|editor-first=JL|editor2-last=Jorizzo|editor2-first=JL|editor3-last=Rapini|editor3-first=RP|title=Dermatology|edition=2nd|volume=1|chapter=Chapter 70 – Nail Disorders|publisher=Mosby Elsevier|location=St. Louis|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1}}
| image = ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS1.JPG
| caption =
| pronounce =
| field =
| symptoms =
| complications =
| onset =
| duration =
| types =
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}
Onychogryphosis is a hypertrophy that may produce nails resembling claws or a ram's horn.
Causes
File:Ram's horn toenails on a bedridden patient.jpgOnychogryphosis may be caused by trauma or peripheral vascular disease, but most often secondary to self-neglect and failure to cut the nails for extended periods of time.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. {{ISBN|0-7216-2921-0}}.{{rp|783–4}}[http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/195_04_150811/mum10248_fm.html Ram’s horn nails], Dr Nicola Mumoli (cardiologist) - Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile Livorno, Livorno, Italy, reported in Medical Journal of Australia, MJA 2011; 195 (4): 202, 15 August 2011, accessed 1 September 2011 This condition is most commonly seen in the elderly.{{cite book|last=Johnstone |first=Ronald B.|title=Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTE_DAAAQBAJ|year=2017|publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-7020-6830-0|edition=2nd|page=31|chapter=2. Diagnostic clues and "need-to-know" items}}
Treatment
Some recommend avulsion of the nail plate with surgical destruction of the nail matrix with phenol or the carbon dioxide laser, if the blood supply is adequate.{{rp|783–4}}Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. {{ISBN|0-07-138076-0}}.{{rp|659}}
Epidemiology
Severe congenital onychogryphosis affecting all twenty nailbeds has been recorded in two families who exhibit the dominant allele for a certain gene.{{cite journal | pmc = 2103814 | pmid=19982897 | volume=16 | issue=Dermatol Sect | title=Case of Congenital Onychogryphosis | year=1923 | journal=Proc. R. Soc. Med. | pages=92 | author = Sequeira JH}}{{cite journal | pmc = 2079501 | pmid=13199328 | volume=2 | issue=4892 | title=A case of onychogryphosis | year=1954 | journal=Br Med J | pages=851–2 | author = Porteus HB | doi = 10.1136/bmj.2.4892.851 }}
Congenital onychogryphosis of the fifth toe (the baby, little, pinky or small toe) is fairly common, but asymptomatic and seldom brought to the attention of medical professionals. Rather, it is brought to the attention of manicurists who routinely file the clawed toenail flat.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB = 29441
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|L|60|2|l|60}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|703.8}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID =
}}ГнЭу
{{Disorders of skin appendages}}