opal-rumped tanager
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Opal-rumped tanager (Tangara velia iridina) Rio Napo.jpg
| image_caption = Tangara velia iridina, Ecuador
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Tangara
| species = velia
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)
| synonyms = Motacilla Velia {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
| range_map = Tangara velia map.svg
}}
The opal-rumped tanager (Tangara velia) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest of South America. The population of the Atlantic Forest has a far paler chest than the other populations, and has often been considered a separate species as the silvery-breasted tanager (Tangara cyanomelas). Today most authorities treat it as a subspecies of the opal-rumped tanager.
Taxonomy
In 1743 the English naturalist George Edwards included an illustration and a description of the opal-rumped tanager in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. He used the English name "Red-belly'd Blue-bird" ". Edwards based his hand-coloured etching on a specimen owned by the Duke of Richmond that had been collected in Suriname.{{ cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1743 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | place=London | publisher=Printed for the author at the College of Physicians | volume=Part 1 | page=22, Plate 22 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50240612 }} When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the opal-rumped tanager with the wagtails in the genus Motacilla. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Motacilla velia and cited Edwards' work.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=188 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727097 }} Linnaeus provided no explanation for the specific epithet; it is perhaps a misprint for the Ancient Greek elea, a small bird mentioned by Aristotle.{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=399 |url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n399/mode/1up }} The bay-headed tanager is now placed in the genus Tangara that was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | at=[https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010434 Vol. 1 p. 36] and [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35953028 Vol. 3 p. 3] }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=14 October 2020 }} The type locality is Suriname.{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=386 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483621 }}
Four subspecies are recognised:
- Tangara velia velia (Linnaeus, 1758) – the Guianas and north Brazil
- Tangara velia iridina (Hartlaub, 1841) – west Amazonia
- Tangara velia signata (Hellmayr, 1905) – northeast Brazil
- Tangara velia cyanomelas (Wied-Neuwied, 1830) – east Brazil
References
{{Reflist}}
- Assis, Seixas, Raposo, & Kirwan (2008). Taxonomic status of Tangara cyanomelaena (Wied, 1830), an east Brazilian atlantic forest endemic. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 16(3): 232–239.
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2934252}}
Category:Birds of the Amazon rainforest
Category:Birds of the Atlantic Forest
Category:Birds described in 1758
Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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