opposition to Brexit

The first March for Europe took place in London on 2 July 2016, shortly after the Brexit referendum on 23 June 2016, and was attended by thousands of people.{{Cite news | last = Buckley | first = Martha |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-36692990|title=Thousands at 'March for Europe' Brexit protest|work=BBC News|language=en-GB| date = 2 July 2016|access-date=8 April 2018}}{{Cite news| last = Vulliamy | first = Ed | author-link = Ed Vulliamy |url= https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/02/march-for-europe-eu-referendum-london-protest|title='We are the 48%': tens of thousands march in London for Europe|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB| date = 2 July 2016|access-date=8 April 2018}}

The second March for Europe took place in London on 3 September 2016 and was attended by thousands of people.{{Cite news| last = Press Association | author-link = Press Association |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/03/pro-eu-protesters-join-march-for-europe-demos-around-uk|title=March for Europe: pro-EU campaigners join demos around UK|work=The Guardian |language=en-GB| date = 3 September 2016 |access-date=8 April 2018}} It was one of a number of events to take place on the day, including rallies in Edinburgh and Birmingham. Pro-Brexit demonstrators staged a counter-protest at one location along the marching route.{{Cite news| last = Staff writer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-uk-leaves-the-eu-37265840|title=Brexit protest: March for Europe rallies held across UK |work=BBC News|language=en-GB| date = 3 September 2016|access-date=8 April 2018}}

The Unite for Europe march, which coincided with the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome, was held in London on 25 March 2017, and the Independent reported that police estimated 100,000 people attended.{{Cite news | last1 = Roberts | first1 = Rachel |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/bbc-bias-pro-remain-pro-brexit-coverage-lack-of-too-much-unite-for-europe-trigger-article-50-a7651191.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/bbc-bias-pro-remain-pro-brexit-coverage-lack-of-too-much-unite-for-europe-trigger-article-50-a7651191.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=BBC under fire for 'lack of coverage' of pro-EU march|work=The Independent|language=en-GB|date=26 March 2017|access-date=20 November 2018}}

The People's March Ltd came into being in July 2017,{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/10859289 |title =THE PEOPLE'S MARCH LTD |access-date=10 March 2019 }} to help ensure that a march planned for 9 September 2017 in London went ahead.{{cite news|last=Bowden|first=George|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/peoples-march-for-europe-london_uk_59b405a5e4b0354e44122a1b|title=People's March For Europe: Hundreds Attend Anti-Brexit Protest In London|publisher=HuffPost|date=9 September 2017|access-date=7 March 2019}} The event began with a march from Hyde Park and was followed by speeches in Parliament Square,{{Cite web|url=http://peoplesmarch4eu.org/the-event|title=The Event & Speakers 9.9.2017 |website=peoplesmarch4eu.org|publisher = The People's March for Europe|access-date=8 April 2018}} emceed by British adventurer Graham Hughes.{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/peoples-march-for-eu-crowds-of-antibrexit-activists-gather-in-central-london-for-march-to-parliament-a3630936.html|title=People's March for EU: Tens of thousands of anti-Brexit activists march to Parliament in rally to keep UK in union|newspaper=Evening Standard|first=Francesca|last=Gillett|date=9 September 2017}} The event was attended by thousands of people and was part of a series of protests dubbed "the Autumn of discontent".{{Cite news| last = Chaplain | first = Chloe|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/peoples-march-for-eu-thousands-of-antibrexit-activists-set-to-descend-on-parliament-in-autumn-of-a3630546.html|title=People's March for EU: Thousands of anti-Brexit activists descend on central London in 'Autumn of Discontent' protest|work=London Evening Standard|language=en-GB | date = 9 September 2017|access-date=8 April 2018}} Over 50,000 people took to the streets under the banner "Unite, Rethink, Reject Brexit" marching from Hyde Park to Parliament Square{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/thousands-march-in-london-anti-brexit-protest-1.3215751|title=Thousands march in London anti-Brexit protest|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=9 September 2017|access-date=24 January 2019}} followed by a rally with speakers from the remain movement and from across the political spectrum and received broad media coverage.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

File:IMG 2810 Manchester anti-Brexit protest for Conservative conference, October 1, 2017.jpg march in October 2017]]

The StopBrexit Manchester march was held in All Saints Park, Manchester, on 1 October 2017, to coincide with the Conservative Party conference. The event consisted of a rally followed by a march through central Manchester, and finishing with a street party organised by local pro-EU groups.{{Cite web|url=http://www.stopbrexitmarch.com/stop-brexit-in-manchester|title=#StopBrexit Manchester March|website = stopbrexitmarch.com | publisher = Stop Brexit March |language=en-GB|access-date=8 April 2018}} An estimated 30,000 people took part in this event.{{Cite news| last1 = Johnson | first1 = Helen | last2 = Williams | first2 = Jennifer | last3 = Coyle | first3 = Simon | last4 = Day | first4 = Rebecca |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/live-protests-manchester-conservative-conference-13699949|title=Tens of thousands take part in Stop Brexit and anti-austerity protests in city centre - as it happened | work = Manchester Evening News|language=en-GB| date = 1 October 2017|access-date=8 April 2018}}{{Cite news |last=Broome |first=Cameron |url=http://mancunion.com/2017/10/01/thousands-attend-stop-brexit-march |title=Thousands attend 'Stop Brexit' Manchester march |work = The Mancunion |language=en-GB |date = 1 October 2017 |access-date=8 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419005453/http://mancunion.com/2017/10/01/thousands-attend-stop-brexit-march/ |archive-date=19 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}

File:At the pro-EU anti-Brexit march in Edinburgh (27116785348).jpg, March 2018]]

The StopBrexit Leeds march was held on 24 March 2018 in Leeds. The march assembled at The Headrow in central Leeds and ended with a rally at The Headrow,{{Cite news|url=http://www.stopbrexitmarch.com/stop-brexit-great-northern-march-leeds|title=The #GreatNorthernMarch in Leeds |website=stopbrexitmarch.com | publisher = #StopBrexit |language=en-GB|access-date=8 April 2018}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.leedsforeurope.org/great-northern-march|title=The Great Northern March - 24/03/18|website=leedsforeurope.org| publisher = Leeds for Europe|language=en-GB|access-date=8 April 2018}} with thousands of people reported to have attended.{{Cite news | last = Oscroft | first = Katie |url=http://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2018-03-24/thousands-join-one-of-biggest-anti-brexit-rallies-in-north|title=Thousands join one of biggest anti-Brexit rallies in north|work=ITV News|language=en-GB|date=24 March 2018|access-date=8 April 2018}}{{Cite news | last = Staff writer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-43527517|title=Thousands march in Leeds anti-Brexit protest|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|date = 24 March 2018|access-date=8 April 2018}} Leeds for Europe organised the march. There were also anti-brexit protests on the same day in various other cities across the country, including Edinburgh, Ipswich, Exeter and Newcastle.{{cite news|url=https://descrier.co.uk/politics/anti-brexit-rallies-held-across-uk|title=Anti-Brexit rallies held across UK|date=24 March 2018|publisher=Descrier}}

On 23 June 2018, the second anniversary of the EU referendum, People's Vote organised a march and protest from Trafalgar Square to Parliament Square in Central London. Speakers included Liberal Democrat leader Vince Cable, Green Party co-leader Caroline Lucas, Labour's David Lammy and the Conservatives' Anna Soubry. The organisers said that at least 100,000 people attended the march. A smaller pro-Brexit march was held in London on the same date.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-44586638|title=Brexit: Marchers demand final Brexit deal vote|work=BBC News|date=23 June 2018|access-date=25 June 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/live-thousands-marching-for-vote-on-final-brexit-deal-11414177 |title='At least 100,000' march for vote on final Brexit deal |publisher=Sky News |date=23 June 2018 |access-date=18 September 2018}}

The People's Vote march was not designed to reverse the result of the referendum, but to hold a public vote on the final terms of the UK's EU exit deal.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/brexit-london-protest-march-second-eu-referendum-saturday-latest-vote-a8413286.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/brexit-london-protest-march-second-eu-referendum-saturday-latest-vote-a8413286.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Brexit march: Tens of thousands take to London streets to demand new referendum on terms of EU departure|newspaper=The Independent|date=23 June 2018|access-date=25 June 2018}} The organisers said Brexit was "not a done deal" and Cable said "Brexit is not inevitable. Brexit can be stopped."{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anti-brexit-march-london-today-2018-06-23/|title=Tens of thousands anti-Brexit protesters march in London, demand new vote|work=CBS News|date=23 June 2018|access-date=25 June 2018}}{{Contradict-inline|date=August 2018|reason=directly contradicts 'was not designed to reverse the result of the referendum' in preceding sentence}} The Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn was criticised for not attending the march.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-44592989|title=Labour frontbenchers defend no show at anti-Brexit march|work=BBC News|date=24 June 2018|access-date=25 June 2018}}

Thousands marched through Liverpool on 23 September 2018 during the annual Labour Party conference in protest against leaving the EU.{{cite news|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/thousands-peoples-vote-marchers-shut-15189723|title=Thousands of People's Vote marchers shut down Liverpool city centre in show of anti-Brexit feeling|first=Jenny|last=Kirkham|date=23 September 2018|newspaper=Liverpool Echo}}

Another march against Brexit took place in Birmingham starting from Victoria Square on 30 September 2018 during the annual Conservative Party conference.{{cite news|url=https://www.euinbrum.com/bin-brexit-in-brum|title=Bin Brexit in Brum March and Rally|date=30 September 2018|via=euinbrom.com}}

On 20 October 2018, People's Vote organised the second march called The People's Vote March for the Future. Organisers claimed that 700,000 people attended the march jointly organised by People's Vote and the UK newspaper The Independent, although police were unable to verify the number.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-45925542|title=People's Vote march: 'Hundreds of thousands' attending London protest|publisher=BBC News|date=20 October 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://www.peoples-vote.uk/march |title=People's Vote and The Independent March for the Future |publisher=People's Vote UK |access-date=11 October 2018}} A later estimate, presented by the Greater London Authority and published in The Daily Telegraph, reported the number to be 250,000.{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/01/05/peoples-vote-march-attended-third-number-organisers-claimed/|title=People's Vote march was attended by a third of number that organisers claimed, official estimate says|last=Malnick|first=Edward|date=5 January 2019|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=5 January 2019}} The aim of the march was to secure a vote on the final Brexit deal. The march organisers stated: "Whether you voted leave or remain, nobody voted to make this country worse off, to harm jobs, to damage the NHS, to affect the future of millions of young people, or to make this country more divided. The more the shape of the final Brexit deal becomes clear, the more it is clear that it will do nothing to improve social justice, reduce inequality, increase our standard of living, or create a better future for future generations."{{cite web|url=https://www.peoples-vote.uk/march|title=People's Vote and The Independent March for the Future|website=People's Vote}}

A number of celebrities, including Delia Smith, Ian McEwan, Sir Patrick Stewart and Charlie Mullins, stated that they would fund coach travel to London, to enable those wishing to attend the march to do so.{{cite web |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/uk/people-s-vote-march-full-list-of-celebrities-funding-coaches-for-people-attending-brexit-protest-1-4811663 |title=People's Vote march: full list of celebrities funding coaches for people attending Brexit protest |date=8 October 2018|access-date=11 October 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/oct/06/stars-line-up-to-pay-coach-travel-to-brexit-peoples-vote-march |title=Stars line up to pay for coach travel to Brexit 'people's vote' march |date=6 October 2018|access-date=11 October 2018|newspaper=The Guardian }} If the organisers' stated estimate of the attendance was correct, then the event was the second-largest protest of the 21st century in the UK, after the "Stop the War" anti-Iraq War march in 2003.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2018/oct/20/peoples-vote-march-london-second-referendum-brexit-live|title=People's Vote march: '700,000' rally for new Brexit referendum|last=Busby|first=Mattha|date=20 October 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=20 October 2018}}

The third People's Vote march, also known as the Put It to the People march, took place in London on 23 March 2019.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2019/mar/23/brexit-hundreds-of-thousands-expected-to-march-for-peoples-vote-london-live-updates|title=Brexit march: '1 million' rally for people's vote - live updates|last=Quinn|first=Sarah Marsh Ruth|date=23 March 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 March 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47678763|title=Hundreds of thousands join Brexit protest|date=23 March 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=23 March 2019|language=en-GB}} The main purpose of the march was to call for a second referendum. The organisers suggested that a million people took part; independent verification by experts in crowd estimation put the figure at between 312,000 and 400,000.{{cite magazine |last1=Stokel-Walker |first1=Chris |title=We counted all the people on the Brexit march so you don't have to |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/brexit-march-peoples-vote-crowd-size |magazine=Wired UK |date=25 March 2019}}{{cite web|date=25 March 2019|title=There almost certainly weren't a million people on the People's Vote march|url=https://fullfact.org/europe/peoples-vote-march-count/|website=Full Fact|access-date=28 March 2019}}

Another anti-Brexit march took place in London on 20 July 2019, with the message “No to Boris, yes to Europe”.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/20/march-for-change-anti-brexit-protesters-take-to-london-streets|title=March for Change: anti-Brexit protesters take to London streets|newspaper=The Guardian|date=20 July 2019|first=Jedidajah|last=Otte|access-date=26 August 2021}}{{cite web|url=http://sstie.uk/march-for-change-saturday-20-july-2019|title=MARCH for CHANGE – Saturday 20 July 2019|date=22 July 2019|publisher=Sevenoaks Swanley & Tonbridge in Europe}}

The fourth People's Vote march, again in London and this time known as the Let Us Be Heard march, took place on 19 October 2019, thereby coinciding with the planned vote in the House of Commons on Boris Johnson's revised withdrawal agreement. Organisers estimated a million people attended the march,{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/oct/19/peoples-vote-march-hailed-as-one-of-greatest-protest-marches-in-british-history|title=March organisers hail 'one of the greatest protest marches in British history'|first=Mark|last=Townsend|date=19 October 2019|via=www.theguardian.com|newspaper=The Guardian}} whose purpose was to demand a confirmatory referendum on the terms of withdrawal.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/let-us-be-heard-march-october-19-route-and-map-1-6275420|title=Everything you need to know about the People's Vote march|first=Mia|last=Jankowicz|website=The New European}}

Members of national groups, including Britain for Europe, European Movement UK, Open Britain, conduct joint campaigns in various towns and cities of the UK.{{cite news| last = Read | first = Jonathon|title=Events: How you can help the grassroots anti-Brexit campaigns| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180418161100/http://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/anti-brexit-events-in-my-local-area-including-protests-marches-and-socials-1-5464362 | archive-date = 18 April 2018|url=http://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/anti-brexit-events-in-my-local-area-including-protests-marches-and-socials-1-5464362|work=The New European|date=5 April 2018|access-date=8 April 2018}}{{cite web|title=Action Days |url=https://www.britainforeurope.org/actiondays|website=britainforeurope.org| publisher =Britain for Europe|access-date=8 April 2018}}

In March 2018 six national groups moved into a shared Remain office in Millbank Tower, London, in order to pool their resources for campaigning.{{cite news| last = Forrester | first = Kate|title=Six pro-EU groups move to new shared office for Brexit fightback|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/six-pro-eu-groups-move-to-new-shared-office-for-brexit-fightback_uk_5aa6a266e4b009b705d4d05a|work=HuffPost UK|date=12 March 2018|access-date=8 April 2018}}{{cite news| last = Mason | first = Rowena | title = Groups opposed to hard Brexit join forces under Chuka Umunna | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/feb/01/groups-opposed-to-hard-brexit-join-forces-under-chuka-umunna |work=The Guardian|date=1 February 2018 | access-date = 12 July 2018}}

{{main|People's Vote}}

File:Brexit Demonstrators (39999193783).jpg

File:Flags and placards at the People's Vote march, London, 23 March 2019.jpg, March 2019]]

Launched in April 2018, People's Vote is a UK campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal. The campaign comprises nine anti-Brexit groups,{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/21/world/europe/uk-vote-brexit-referendum.html|title=Could the U.K. Vote Again on Brexit? The Prospects Are Rising|first=Stephen|last=Castle|date=21 April 2018|access-date=21 April 2018|newspaper=The New York Times}} including eight operating from Millbank Tower. The groups include the seven listed below, plus For our Future's Sake (FFS), InFacts, and Open Britain.{{cite news | last = Porritt | first = Richard | title = Campaign launched to push for People's Vote | url = http://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/second-brexit-vote-campaign-launch-1-5476745 | work = The New European | date = 15 April 2018 | access-date = 21 April 2018}}{{cite web | last = Staff writer | title = Launch of the new national People's Vote campaign | url = https://www.open-britain.co.uk/launch_of_the_new_national_people_s_vote_campaign | website = open-britain.co.uk | publisher = Open Britain | date = 15 April 2018 | access-date = 21 April 2018}}

Britain for Europe was established shortly after the EU referendum. It is an independent pressure group and umbrella organisation for grassroot activists from around the UK.{{cite web|url=http://www.bristolforeurope.com/ | website = bristolforeurope.com |title=Home page |publisher=Bristol for Europe |date= 26 February 2018|access-date=8 April 2018}} It lobbies in favour of the UK remaining in the EU.{{cite web|url=http://www.britainforeurope.org/ | website = britainforeurope.org |title=Home page |publisher=Britain for Europe |date= 26 February 2018|access-date=8 April 2018}}{{cite news| last = Harris | first = John|title=Pro-EU campaign groups join forces to fight against hard Brexit|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/10/brexit-resistance-getting-bigger-pro-europe-eu-referendum-organising-groups|work=The Guardian|date=10 January 2017|access-date=8 April 2018}} The group organises marches, conferences, meetings, and national campaigns. It is a founding member of People's Vote.{{cite news|last1=Skeet|first1=Tim|title=How I went from soggy Tory to leader of the hard Brexit resistance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/23/britain-for-europe-remainers-hard-brexit|access-date=8 April 2018|work=The Guardian|date=23 January 2017}}

The Chair of Britain for Europe is Tom Brufatto.{{cite web | last = Hobhouse | first = Wera | author-link = Wera Hobhouse | title = Catherine Bearder MEP hosts lecture on Brexit strategy in Bath | work = Wera Hobhouse MP | url = https://www.werahobhouse.co.uk/catherine_bearder | publisher = Office of Wera Hobhouse | date = 29 January 2018 | access-date = 29 June 2018}} Britain for Europe is organised from the grassroots membership.

The organisation has about sixty member affiliated groups including:{{cite web|url=http://www.britainforeurope.org/our_groups |title=Our groups - Britain for Europe |publisher=Britain for Europe |access-date=26 February 2018}}

{{div col|colwidth=16em}}

• Camden for Europe{{cite news | last = Staff writer | title = Is Brexit really going to cost £2 billion a week? | url = https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/is-brexit-really-going-to-cost-2-billion-a-week | work = Channel 4 News | no-pp=yes | page=FactCheck | date = 21 February 2018 | access-date = 5 July 2018}}
• Devon for Europe{{cite news | last = Adams | first = Charley | title = Pro EU march attracts over 2,500 campaigners | url = http://www.kingsbridge-today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=111496 | work = Kingsbridge & Salcombe Gazette | date = 4 April 2018 | access-date = 5 July 2018}}
• Bath for Europe{{cite news | last = Ferguson | first = Sam | title = Jacob Rees-Mogg heckled by anti-Brexit protesters from Bath for Europe | url = https://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/news/jacob-rees-mogg-heckled-anti-1128363 | work = Bath Chronicle | date = 27 January 2018 | access-date = 24 June 2018}}
• Berkshire for Europe{{r|bfegroups}}{{cite web|url=https://www.berkshireforeurope.org/ | website = berkshireforeurope.eu |title=Campaign for Europe in Berkshire |publisher=Berkshire for Europe |access-date=20 September 2018}}
• Bristol for Europe{{r|bfegroups|bristol}}
• EU in Brum{{r|guardian}}
• Leeds for Europe{{cite news | last = Staff writer |title = Hundreds in Leeds join 'Brexit Resistance' movement | url = https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/hundreds-in-leeds-join-brexit-resistance-movement-1-8915440 |work = Yorkshire Evening Post | date = 18 December 2017 | access-date = 5 July 2018}}
• Perth for Europe{{r|bfegroups}}

{{div col end}}

In January 2017, the affiliate group Leeds for Europe formed. It campaigns against Brexit in the city of Leeds and elsewhere in West Yorkshire.{{Cite news| last = Burn | first = Chris|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/yorkshire-s-brexit-resistance-why-campaigners-in-leeds-york-and-sheffield-think-eu-departure-can-be-stopped-1-8914573|title=Yorkshire's Brexit resistance: Why campaigners in Leeds, York and Sheffield think EU departure can be stopped | work = Yorkshire Post | date = 18 December 2017 |access-date=17 April 2018|language=en}} Leeds for Europe is also affiliated to the European Movement UK.

European Movement UK is an organisation which campaigns in support of greater European integration and for reform of the EU. It is part of the European Movement International, which pushes for a "democratic, federal, enlarged European Union".{{cite web | title = About the European Movement | url = http://www.europeanmovement.co.uk/about | website = europeanmovement.co.uk | publisher = European Movement | access-date = 1 May 2018}}

Formed in 1949, it campaigned for Britain to remain in the EU in the 2016 referendum and continues to oppose Brexit in collaboration with other major pro-European campaign groups such as Open Britain and Britain for Europe.

Healthier IN the EU was co-founded in 2016 by Mike Galsworthy, Rob Davidson,{{cite news | last = Lynskey | first = Dorian | title = 'It's not a done deal': inside the battle to stop Brexit | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/apr/28/brexit-not-a-done-deal-battle-to-stay-in-eu-second-referendum | work = The Guardian | date = 28 April 2018 | access-date = 12 July 2018}} and Martin McKee. Its advisory board included former Chief Executive of the NHS in England Nigel Crisp, former Minister for Health John Bowis, former Chief Medical Officer for Scotland Harry Burns, former President of the Royal College of Physicians Ian Gilmore, President of Royal College of Psychiatrists Simon Wessely, and the editor of The Lancet, Richard Horton. Healthier in the EU is a grassroots organization making the health case for continued EU membership.{{cite web|url=https://www.healthierin.eu/about|title=About Us|publisher=Healthier IN the EU|access-date=30 July 2018}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/10/brexit-regret-theresa-may-europe-trade-boris-johnson/541653/|title=A Harsh Wake-Up Call for Some Brexiteers|first=Stefanie|last=Marsh|date=6 October 2017|work=The Atlantic|access-date=29 July 2018}}

Shortly before the 2017 general election, Healthier IN the EU and Vote Leave Watch organised an open letter calling on the Conservative Party to commit to spending an extra £350m per week on the NHS after Brexit. The letter was signed by some of the UK's leading medical professionals.{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservatives-must-make-manifesto-commitment-of-350m-a-week-for-the-nhs-say-doctors-a7739401.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservatives-must-make-manifesto-commitment-of-350m-a-week-for-the-nhs-say-doctors-a7739401.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live| work=The Independent| title=Conservatives must make manifesto commitment of £350m a week for the NHS, say doctors| first=Tom| last=Peck | date=17 May 2017| access-date=3 August 2018}} The amount of £350m per week corresponded to the savings attributable to Brexit claimed by the Vote Leave campaign. Following the publication of the letter, foreign secretary Boris Johnson received negative press coverage for falsely claiming that the pledge was already in the Conservative Party election manifesto.{{cite news| work=The Independent| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-falsely-claims-350m-nhs-brexit-pledge-conservative-manifesto-a7747376.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-falsely-claims-350m-nhs-brexit-pledge-conservative-manifesto-a7747376.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live| title=Boris Johnson falsely claims £350m for NHS after Brexit pledge is in the Conservative manifesto| first=Ashley| last=Cowburn| date=21 May 2017| access-date=3 August 2018}}

Healthier IN the EU is a founding member of People's Vote.

Wales for Europe is an independent organisation, but was a founding member of People's Vote through its partnership with Open Britain.{{Cite web|url=https://www.walesforeurope.org/|title=Wales For Europe|website=www.walesforeurope.org}} The chair from 2016 to 2020 was Geraint Talfan Davies.{{cite web | url=https://nation.cymru/news/lessons-to-be-learned-says-outgoing-wales-for-europe-campaign-chair/ | title=Lessons to be learned says outgoing Wales for Europe campaign Chair | date=10 March 2020 }}

Our Future Our Choice (OFOC) was incorporated as a company on 19 February 2018{{cite web | title = OUR FUTURE, OUR CHOICE! OFOC! LTD | url = https://companycheck.co.uk/company/11214031/OUR-FUTURE-OUR-CHOICE-OFOC-LTD/companies-house-data | website = companycheck.co.uk | publisher = Company Check |access-date=26 August 2018}} and is aimed towards young adults.{{cite news | last = Embury | first = Tom |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-campaign-youth-young-people-our-future-our-choice-remainers-leave-eu-femi-oluwole-a8208756.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-campaign-youth-young-people-our-future-our-choice-remainers-leave-eu-femi-oluwole-a8208756.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title='Our Future, Our Choice': Campaign launched for young people who want Brexit stopped|work=The Independent|date=14 February 2018|access-date=26 August 2018}}{{cite news | last = Morley | first = Nicole |url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/02/16/campaign-launched-young-people-want-stop-brexit-ruining-future-7318245/|title=Campaign launched for young people who want to stop Brexit ruining their future|work=Metro|date=16 February 2018|access-date=26 August 2018}} Its four founding members are Femi Oluwole (spokesman), Calum Millbank-Murphy (spokesman), Lara Spirit (co-president) and Will Dry (co-president).{{cite web |url=https://www.ofoc.co.uk/about-us/|title=About us|website=ofoc.co.uk|publisher=Our Future Our Choice|access-date=26 August 2018}}

Our Future Our Choice is a founding member of People's Vote.

Scientists for EU is a pro-EU research advocacy group. It was co-founded by scientists Mike Galsworthy and Rob Davison on 8 May 2015, the day after the UK general election 2015.{{cite web | title = Who we are | url = http://www.scientistsforeu.uk/who_we_are | website = scientistsforeu.uk | publisher = Scientists for EU | access-date = 12 July 2018}}{{cite news|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/scientists-launch-campaign-to-oppose-uk-exit-from-eu/9044.article|title=Scientists launch campaign to oppose UK exit from EU|date=13 October 2015|first=Emma|last=Stone|publisher=Chemistry World|access-date=29 July 2018}} Its advisory board included high-profile UK scientists, including former EU chief scientific advisor Anne Glover, and MPs from different political parties. Galsworthy articulated two concerns that Scientists for EU aimed to address: "first, a lack of clarity and cohesion within the community on EU benefits and Brexit risks; and, secondly, a lack of public understanding on the UK/EU relationship in science."{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=United Kingdom |house=House of Lords, Select Committee on Science and Technology | title = The Relationship between EU Membership and the Effectiveness of UK Science: Oral Evidence Session | url = http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/science-and-technology-committee-lords/relationship-between-eu-membership-and-the-effectiveness-of-uk-science/oral/30032.html |date= 1 March 2016 |speaker=Mike Galsworthy |display-authors=etal |position=Programme Director, Scientists for EU}} [https://parliamentlive.tv/event/index/d55ca1a4-fa81-4720-88e9-54f88cffd64f Video.]

Following the referendum, hundreds of scientists contacted Scientists for EU voicing concerns about the future of scientific research in the UK after Brexit, many saying they planned to leave the UK; for some, xenophobia was a significant concern.{{cite news| url=https://www.ft.com/content/ba85f924-5e24-11e6-a72a-bd4bf1198c63| work=The Financial Times| title=Brexit Briefing: Scientists feel the effect| first=Clive| last=Cookson| date=9 August 2016| access-date=1 August 2018}}Citations:

• {{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/brain-drain-has-begun-and-its-costing-millions-academics-warn-fg2tt3s2p| work=The Times| title=Brain drain has begun . . . and it's costing millions, academics warn| first=Nicola| last=Woolcock| date=15 October 2016| access-date=3 August 2018}}
• {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/brexit-britain-latest-news-academics-threaten-to-quit-brain-drain-over-racist-xenophobic-eu-a7133316.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/brexit-britain-latest-news-academics-threaten-to-quit-brain-drain-over-racist-xenophobic-eu-a7133316.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Racist, xenophobic and anti-intellectual: Academics threaten to leave Brexit Britain|work=The Independent|first=Ian|last=Johnston|date=12 July 2016|access-date=30 July 2018|ref=Indy20180712}}
• {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jul/16/science-research-hit-by-brexit|first=Will|last=Hutton|title=Why Brexit may be a deadly experiment for science|date=16 July 2016|access-date=31 July 2018|ref=Hutton}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Gross|first1=Michael|title=Angry voters may turn back the clocks|journal=Current Biology|volume=26|issue=15|year=2016|pages=R689–R692|issn=0960-9822|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.056|ref=Gross2016|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016CBio...26.R689G }}
• {{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/11/britain-brexit-cambridge-eu-theresa-may/506501/|work=The Atlantic|title=Brexit Is Jeopardizing Britain's Intellectual Legacy|first=Linda|last=Kinstler|date=5 November 2016|access-date=31 July 2018}} Programme Director Galsworthy concluded, "It is clear that the UK has overnight become less attractive as a place to do science."

Scientists for EU has continued to publicize the benefits of EU membership for Britain and the negative consequences of Brexit for science and healthcare, including uncertainty over immigration and funding, and the loss of influence over EU regulations and policy.Citations:

• {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/02/why-the-remainers-are-still-clinging-on-to-dreams-of-overturning/|title=Why the Remainers are still clinging on to dreams of overturning Brexit...and how they hope to do it|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Peter|last=Foster|date=2 September 2016|access-date=31 July 2018}}
• {{cite news|url=https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/brexit-uncertainty-disrupting-eu-uk-research|title=Brexit uncertainty disrupting EU-UK research|work=Nature|first=Mark|last=Peplow |no-pp=yes |page=Index|date=29 November 2016|access-date=29 July 2018}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nidhisubbaraman/young-scientists-fear-brexit|title=These Young Scientists Are Afraid They'll Have To Leave The UK Because Of Brexit|work=BuzzFeed|access-date=29 July 2018|date=24 June 2016| first1=Nidhi| last1=Subbaraman}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/tomchivers/scientists-say-the-uks-new-paper-on-science-after-brexit|title=Scientists Say The UK's New Paper On Science After Brexit Doesn't Address The Real Issues|date=6 September 2017|first=Tom|last=Chivers|work=BuzzFeed|access-date=29 July 2018}}
• {{cite news|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/the-nutshell/uk-lays-out-its-vision-for-post-brexit-research-30952|title=U.K. Lays Out Its Vision for Post-Brexit Research|work=The Scientist|date=7 September 2017|first=Catherine|last=Offord|access-date=29 July 2018}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Vesper|first1=Inga|title=United Kingdom sees dip in European research applications after Brexit vote|journal=Nature|year=2017|issn=1476-4687|doi=10.1038/nature.2017.22624}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.horizon2020projects.com/policy-research/uk-scientists-leave-eu-projects/|publisher=Horizon 2020 Projects|date=12 October 2017|access-date=29 July 2018|title=UK scientists could leave EU projects}}
• {{cite web | first=Jane| last=Wharton| title=Brexit will rip 'soul from NHS' as record numbers want People's Vote | website=Metro News | date=15 September 2018 | url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/09/15/brexit-will-rip-the-soul-out-of-the-nhs-as-record-number-of-health-workers-demand-second-vote-7947686/ | access-date=17 October 2018}}

In February 2018 George Soros's Open Society Foundations donated £500,000 to a number of groups opposing Brexit including £35,000 to Scientists for EU.{{cite news | title = George Soros donates £400,000 to anti-Brexit campaign | url = https://www.ft.com/content/df9ed626-0c61-11e8-839d-41ca06376bf2 | work = Financial Times |url-access=subscription | date = 8 February 2018 | access-date = 7 June 2018}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/11/george-soros-best-for-britain-pro-eu-100000|title=George Soros raises donation to anti-Brexit Best for Britain group|first=Jessica|last=Elgot|date=11 February 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 July 2018}}

Scientists for EU is a founding member of People's Vote.{{cite news | last = Fletcher | first = Martin | title = Inside the headquarters of Britain's anti-Brexit brigade | url = https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2018/05/inside-headquarters-britain-s-anti-brexit-brigade | work = New Statesman | date = 30 May 2018 | access-date = 12 July 2018}}

Right to Vote was a group of Conservative, Change UK and Independent MPs and Peers who advocate holding a referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement. It was founded after the UK government lost the first parliamentary vote on the UK's withdrawal agreement with the EU.{{cite news|last = Cowburn|first = Ashley|date = 17 January 2019|title = Brexit: Conservative MPs launch push for fresh referendum as one admits 'we created this mess'|url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-news-second-referendum-conservatives-theresa-may-deal-peoples-vote-tories-a8732411.html|work = The Independent|access-date = 11 June 2019}}{{cite web |url=https://righttovote.co.uk/people/ |title=Our People |website=righttovote.co.uk |publisher=Right to Vote |access-date=11 June 2019}}

Wooferendum was founded in August 2018 by Daniel Elkan.{{cite news|url=https://www.watfordobserver.co.uk/news/16586715.dogs-support-peoples-vote-calling-brexit-barking-mad/|title=Dogs support people's vote, calling Brexit 'barking mad'|work = Watford Observer|date=21 August 2018|access-date=2 April 2019}} The group is concerned with the welfare of pets when the UK leaves the European Union.{{cite news|last=James|first=William|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-dogs/dogs-owners-march-on-uk-parliament-demanding-new-brexit-wooferendum-idUSKCN1MH0Q9|title=Dogs owners march on UK parliament demanding new Brexit 'Wooferendum'|work = Reuters|date=7 October 2018|access-date=2 April 2019}}{{needs update|date=December 2022}} The protesters and their pets of Wooferendum also joined the People's Vote march.{{cite news|last=O'Grady|first=Siobhán|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/03/23/is-brexit-barking-mad-these-dogs-think-so/|title=Is Brexit 'barking mad'? These dogs think so|newspaper = The Washington Post|date=23 March 2019|access-date=2 April 2019}}

In March 2019, an e-petition launched on the UK Parliament petitions website reached over 6 million signatures within a week, becoming the largest petition in UK history, and the fastest-growing.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-article50-idUSKCN1RD2YK|title=UK lawmakers discuss halting Brexit after petition hits 6 million|date=1 April 2019|via=www.reuters.com|newspaper=Reuters}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/31/article-50-petition-to-cancel-brexit-passes-6m-signatures|title=Article 50 petition to cancel Brexit passes 6m signatures|author=Guardian Staff|date=31 March 2019|via=www.theguardian.com|newspaper=The Guardian}} This surge in signatures has been attributed to a speech given by Theresa May which was perceived to accuse MPs of 'frustrating' Brexit.{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cancel-brexit-petition-two-million-theresa-may-no-deal-a8834471.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cancel-brexit-petition-two-million-theresa-may-no-deal-a8834471.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Revoke Article 50 petition calling for Brexit to be cancelled hits two million signatures|date=22 March 2019|website=The Independent}} The petition was later referenced by Donald Tusk, the President of the European Council, who warned that the UK Government "cannot betray the six million people".{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-90ic0UbaDk|title=Donald Tusk: 'you cannot betray the six million people'|date=27 March 2019 |via=www.youtube.com}} The petition was debated in Parliament on 1 April 2019.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47772682 BBC News, "Article 50: MPs debate six-million-signature petition", 1 April 2019]. Retrieved 12 April 2019 The petition signatures reached 6,103,056 by 20 August, the closure date.{{Cite web|url=https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/241584|title=Petition: Revoke Article 50 and remain in the EU.|website=Petitions - UK Government and Parliament}}

David Wilkinson's full-length film Postcards from the 48% opened on 23 June 2018 at the Edinburgh International Film Festival and went on general release on 6 July 2018.{{cite web| title=Postcards from the 48%| url=https://www.postcards48.eu| publisher=Official Site| access-date=7 July 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118110345/https://www.postcards48.eu/| archive-date=18 November 2018| url-status=dead}}{{IMDb title|qid=Q56276823|title=Postcards from the 48% (2018) }} The documentary was made by, and featured, members of the 48% of voters who chose Remain in the referendum.{{cite web| url=http://film.britishcouncil.org/postcards-from-the-48| title=Postcards from the 48%| publisher=British Film Institute| date=21 May 2018| access-date=7 August 2018}} A reviewer for The Times wrote that it "gives voice to the fears and the hopes of the nation's discontented remainers".{{cite news| work=The Times| url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/film-review-postcards-from-the-48-fsv6xkqg9| title=Film review: Postcards from the 48%| first=Kevin| last=Maher| date=6 July 2018| access-date=3 August 2018}}

Anti-Brexit campaigners gave away EU flags to audience members at the last night of The Proms in 2016,{{cite news | last = McKee | first = Ruth | title = Campaigners hand out thousands of EU flags for Last Night of the Proms | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/sep/10/european-union-flags-handed-out-last-night-of-the-proms-brexit |work=The Guardian | date = 10 September 2016 | access-date = 1 May 2018}} 2017{{cite news |last=Booth |first=Robert |date=10 September 2017 |title=EU flags at Last Night of the Proms anger Farage |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/sep/10/eu-flags-at-last-night-of-the-proms-anger-farage |access-date=10 August 2018}} and 2023.{{Cite news |last=Weaver |first=Matthew |date=2023-09-10 |title=Brexiters outraged after crowds wave EU flag at Last Night of the Proms |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/sep/10/brexiters-in-outcry-after-crowds-wave-eu-flag-at-last-night-of-the-proms |access-date=2023-10-08 |issn=0261-3077}}

The No. 10 Vigil campaign group, which holds regular demonstrations outside Downing Street, organized a boat trip on the Thames on 19 August 2017.{{cite news| work=The Guardian| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/19/ecj-farewell-brexit-european-union-surrendering-influence#img-1| title=Anti-Brexit campaigners from the No 10 Vigil sail on a boat bedecked with EU flags up the River Thames in London, on 19 August 2017.| date=19 August 2017| access-date=10 August 2018}} A subsequent boat trip occurred on 24 July 2018.{{cite news| url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/993312/brexit-news-remoaner-protest-no10vigil-river-thames-parliament| title=Remoaners planning boat party to protest Brexit today SLASH ticket prices after poor sales| work=The Daily Express| first=Matt| last=Drake| date=24 July 2018| access-date=10 August 2018}}

• "Bollocks to Brexit"
• Opinion polling on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union (2016–2020)
• Potential re-accession of the United Kingdom to the European Union
• Led By Donkeys, anti-Brexit activists using satire
• Steve Bray

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Brexit referendum}}

Category:Brexit

Category:European Union–related advocacy groups in the United Kingdom

Category:Pro-Europeanism in the United Kingdom

Category:Protests against results of elections

Category:United Kingdom and the European Union