pendentive

{{Short description|Architectural element for supporting a dome atop square walls}}

File:Koepel pendentieven 001.svg

{{wikt | pendentive}}

In architecture, a pendentive is a constructional device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or of an elliptical dome over a rectangular room.[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/pendentive.aspx#1E1-pendenti The Columbia Encyclopedia, sixth edition] The pendentives, which are triangular segments of a sphere, taper to points at the bottom and spread at the top to establish the continuous circular or elliptical base needed for a dome.{{cite web|url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/449698/pendentive |title= pendentive (architecture) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher= Britannica.com |access-date= 2012-08-15}} In masonry the pendentives thus receive the weight of the dome, concentrating it at the four corners where it can be received by the piers beneath.

Prior to the pendentive's development, builders used the device of corbelling or squinches in the corners of a room. Pendentives commonly occurred in Orthodox, Renaissance, and Baroque churches, with a drum with windows often inserted between the pendentives and the dome. The first experimentation with pendentives began with Roman dome construction in the 2nd–3rd century AD,{{harvnb|Rasch|1985|pp=129f.}} while full development of the form came in the 6th-century Eastern Roman cathedral, Hagia Sophia, in Constantinople (Istanbul).

{{harvnb|Heinle|Schlaich|1996|pp= 30–32}}