politics of resentment
{{Short description|Form of politics}}
The politics of resentment, sometimes called grievance politics, is a form of politics which is based on resentment of some other group of people.{{refn|Multiple sources:{{R|Betz1 |Betz2 |Cohen |Cramer |Dudas |Engels1 |Engels2| Fukuyama |Göle}}{{R|Hoggett |Ivarsflaten |Jacobs |Koncewicz |McCarthy |Nord |Wells}} }}
Types
{{Globalize|date=October 2023}}
= Male =
{{See also|Misogyny|Incel|Men Going Their Own Way|Manosphere}}
Male grievance culture is a common feature in mass shooters, according to a study which examined their motivations in the intersection of white entitlement, middle-class instability, and heterosexual masculinity. The study's author, Leigh Paterson, wrote that such murderers may be highly motivated by "white male grievance culture".{{cite web |last=Paterson |first=Leigh |title=Many Mass Shooters Share A Common Bond: Male Grievance Culture |date=9 August 2019 |url=https://gunsandamerica.org/story/19/08/09/many-mass-shooters-share-a-common-bond-male-grievance-culture/ |website=Guns & America Project |publisher=WAMU {{!}} American University Radio |publication-place=Washington, D.C. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220142227/https://gunsandamerica.org/story/19/08/09/many-mass-shooters-share-a-common-bond-male-grievance-culture/ |archive-date=2020-02-20 |accessdate=2021-02-17}}{{cite journal |last=Madfis |first=Eric |title=Triple Entitlement and Homicidal Anger: An Exploration of the Intersectional Identities of American Mass Murderers |journal=Men and Masculinities |issn=1524-9220 |volume=17 |number=1 |pages=67–86 |date=2014 |doi=10.1177/1097184X14523432 |s2cid=145599622 |oclc=5574553164}}
= Female =
{{See also|Misandry|Radical Feminism}}
= White =
{{See also|Great replacement|White backlash|White genocide conspiracy theory|White nationalism}}
Columnist Michael Gerson argues that in American politics, the Republican Party has been "swiftly repositioned as an instrument of white grievance."{{cite news |last1=Gerson |first1=Michael |title=Opinion {{!}} The GOP is now just the party of white grievance |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-gop-is-now-just-the-party-of-white-grievance/2021/03/01/67679480-7ab9-11eb-85cd-9b7fa90c8873_story.html |access-date=17 November 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=1 March 2021 |url-access=limited}}{{Primary source inline|reason=Opinion columns are primary per WP:NEWSORG|date=September 2022}}
== Reaction to demographic change ==
Demographic change in the United States propelled by immigration has led to an increasing proportion of people with diverse backgrounds, and a decreasing proportion of whites. This trend increased in the 21st century, with several more cities where whites were once the majority, but no longer are. Highly visible advances of certain minorities, such as the first Black president (Barack Obama) and the first Hispanic Supreme Court justic (Sonia Sotomayor), also took place in this period.
In some states, state legislators moved to restrict immigration by law. In the field of education, some white elected officials have moved to restrict diversity programs, or the availability of courses in ethnic studies or the impact of race in America, while others have worked at tightening election regulations in order to make it more difficult for members of ethnic minorities to vote, leading to opposing protests, sometimes clashing, between mostly white groups favoring restrictions on immigration and minorities, and by minority groups seeking to hold on to their rights.{{cite book |last=Jardina |first=Ashley |date=28 February 2019 |title=White Identity Politics |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, England |pages=1–2 |isbn=978-1-108-59013-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRyGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1}}
This came to a head during Donald Trump's 2016 presidential election campaign.{{rp|2}}
=Black=
{{See also|Black Hebrew Israelites|Black nationalism|Afrocentrism}}
=Nationalist=
{{See also|Anti-imperialism|Stab-in-the-back myth}}
Sociologist Bart Bonikowski argues that ethno-nationalist populism is often based on stirring up resentment against "elites, immigrants, and ethnic, racial and religious minorities".{{cite journal |last1=Bonikowski |first1=Bart |title=Ethno-nationalist populism and the mobilization of collective resentment |journal=The British Journal of Sociology |date=2017 |volume=68 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S181–S213 |doi=10.1111/1468-4446.12325 |pmid=29114869 |issn=1468-4446|doi-access=free }}
= Religious =
{{See also|War on Christmas|Christian persecution complex|war on Islam|Jihadism|Hindu nationalism}}Postcolonial
Anti-Western sentiments in the global south or among the intelectual left in Western countries that call colonialism, interventionism and exploitation as the reasons for struggles of the global south.
See also: Postcolonialism
= Sexuality and gender =
{{See also|Anti-gender movement|Gay agenda|Gender-critical feminism|LGBT-free zone|Straight pride}}
Grievance culture
Jason Manning and Bradley Campbell draw on the work of sociologist Donald Black on conflict and on cross-cultural studies of conflict and morality to argue that the contemporary culture wars resemble tactics described by scholars in which an aggrieved party or group seeks the support of third parties. They argue that grievance-based conflicts have led to large-scale moral change in which an emergent victimhood culture is clashing with and replacing older honor and dignity cultures.{{cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=Bradley |last2=Manning |first2=Jason |date=2014 |title=Microaggression and Moral Cultures |journal=Comparative Sociology |volume=13 |issue=6 |doi=10.1163/15691330-12341332 |pages=692–726}}
Political commentator E. J. Dionne has written that culture war is an electoral technique to exploit differences and grievances, remarking that the real cultural division is "between those who want to have a culture war and those who don't."{{cite magazine |magazine=The Atlantic |last1=Dionne |first1=E. J. |title=Why the Culture War Is the Wrong War |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/01/why-the-culture-war-is-the-wrong-war/304502/ |date=January 2006}}
Alternatively, authors such as Helen Pluckrose, Peter Bhoggoshian and James Lindsay have argued that the politics of resentment largely originate from the political left, with the contemporary conservative response being a reaction to it.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}
See also
References
Further reading
- {{cite book |last=Banet-Weiser |first=Sarah |title=Empowered: Popular Feminism and Popular Misogyny |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pw5zDwAAQBAJ |date=25 October 2018 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-1-4780-0277-2}}
- {{cite book |last=Orr |first=James J. |title=The Victim as Hero: Ideologies of Peace and National Identity in Postwar Japan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZ0BEAAAQBAJ |date=1 April 2001 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-6515-3}}
- {{cite book |last=Walklate |first=Sandra |title=Handbook of Victims and Victimology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwAvDwAAQBAJ |date=14 July 2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-49624-3}}