protein arginine methyltransferase 5

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRMT5 gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Gilbreth M, Yang P, Bartholomeusz G, Pimental RA, Kansra S, Gadiraju R, Marcus S | title = Negative regulation of mitosis in fission yeast by the shk1 interacting protein skb1 and its human homolog, Skb1Hs | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 95 | issue = 25 | pages = 14781–6 | date = Jan 1999 | pmid = 9843966 | pmc = 24526 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14781 | doi-access = free }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRMT5 protein arginine methyltransferase 5| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10419}} PRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates H2AR3, H4R3, H3R2, and H3R8 in vivo, all of which are linked to a range of transcriptional regulatory events.{{cite journal | vauthors = Stopa N, Krebs JE, Shechter D | title = The PRMT5 arginine methyltransferase: many roles in development, cancer and beyond | journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | volume = 72 | issue = 11 | pages = 2041–59 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 25662273 | pmc = 4430368 | doi = 10.1007/s00018-015-1847-9 }}

PRMT5 is a highly conserved arginine methyltransferase that translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus at embryonic day ~E8.5, and during preimplantation development at the ~4-cell stage.{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim S, Gunesdogan, U, Zylicz JJ, Hackett, JA, Cougot, D, Bao, S, Lee, C, Dietmann, S, Allen, GE, Sngupta, R, Surani MA | title = PRMT5 Protects Genomic Integrity during Global DNA Demethylation in Primordial Germ Cells and Preimplantation Embryos | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 56 | issue = 4 | pages = 564–579 | date = Nov 2014 | doi = 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.003 | pmid = 25457166 | pmc = 4250265 }}

Interactions

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 has been shown to interact with:

CLNS1A,{{cite journal | vauthors = Krapivinsky G, Pu W, Wickman K, Krapivinsky L, Clapham DE | title = pICln binds to a mammalian homolog of a yeast protein involved in regulation of cell morphology | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 18 | pages = 10811–4 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9556550 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.18.10811| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Friesen WJ, Paushkin S, Wyce A, Massenet S, Pesiridis GS, Van Duyne G, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G | title = The methylosome, a 20S complex containing JBP1 and pICln, produces dimethylarginine-modified Sm proteins | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 21 | issue = 24 | pages = 8289–300 | date = Dec 2001 | pmid = 11713266 | pmc = 99994 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.24.8289-8300.2001 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Krzyzanowski A, Gasper R, Adihou H, 't Hart P, Waldmann H | title = Biochemical Investigation of the Interaction of pICln, RioK1 and COPR5 with the PRMT5-MEP50 Complex | journal = ChemBioChem | date = Feb 2021 | volume = 22 | issue = 11 | pages = 1908–1914 | doi = 10.1002/cbic.202100079 | pmid = 33624332 | pmc = 8252068 | doi-access = free }}
Janus kinase 2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Pollack BP, Kotenko SV, He W, Izotova LS, Barnoski BL, Pestka S | title = The human homologue of the yeast proteins Skb1 and Hsl7p interacts with Jak kinases and contains protein methyltransferase activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 44 | pages = 31531–42 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10531356 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.44.31531| doi-access = free }}
SNRPD3,
SUPT5H,{{cite journal |author8-link=Richard Gaynor| vauthors = Kwak YT, Guo J, Prajapati S, Park KJ, Surabhi RM, Miller B, Gehrig P, Gaynor RB | title = Methylation of SPT5 regulates its interaction with RNA polymerase II and transcriptional elongation properties | journal = Mol. Cell | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 1055–66 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12718890 | doi = 10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00101-1| doi-access = free }}
MEP50,{{cite journal | vauthors = Friesen WJ, Wyce A, Paushkin S, Abel L, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G | title = A novel WD repeat protein component of the methylosome binds Sm proteins | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 10 | pages = 8243–7 | date = Mar 2002 | pmid = 11756452 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M109984200 | doi-access = free }}
RIOK1, {{cite journal | vauthors = Guderian G, Peter C, Wiesner J, Sickmann A, Schulze-Osthoff K, Fischer U, Grimmler M | title = RioK1, a new interactor of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), competes with pICln for binding and modulates PRMT5 complex composition and substrate specificity | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 286 | issue = 3 | pages = 1976–86 | date = Jan 2011 | pmid = 21081503 | pmc = 3023494 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M110.148486| doi-access = free }}
COPR5.

PRMT5 has been shown to interact with CLNS1A, RIOK1 and COPR5 through an interface created by a shallow groove located on the TIM barrel domain of PRMT5 and the consensus sequence GQF[D/E]DA[E/D] located in the terminal regions of the adaptor proteins.{{cite bioRxiv | vauthors = Mulvaney KM, Blomquis C, Acharya N, Li R, O'Keefe M, Ranaghan M, Stokes M, Nelson AJ, Jain SS, Columbus J, Bozal FK, Skepner A, Raymond D, McKinney DC, Freyzon Y, Baidi Y, Porter D, Ianari A, McMillan B, Sellers WR | date= Aug 2020 | title= Molecular basis for substrate recruitment to the PRMT5 methylosome (preprint) | biorxiv=10.1101/2020.08.22.256347}} The characterisation of the interactions occurring in the binding groove between PRMT5 and peptides derived from the adaptor proteins lead to development of protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors, modulating binding between PRMT5 and the adaptor proteins.{{cite journal | vauthors = McKinney DC, McMillan BJ, Ranaghan MJ, Moroco JA, Brousseau M, Mullin-Bernstein Z, O'Keefe M, McCarren P, Mesleh MF, Mulvaney KM, Robinson F, Singh R, Bajrami B, Wagner FF, Hilgraf R, Drysdale MJ, Campbell AJ, Skepner A, Timm DE, Porter D, Kaushik VK, Sellers WR, Ianari A | title = Discovery of a First-in-Class Inhibitor of the PRMT5-Substrate Adaptor Interaction | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 64 | issue = 15 | pages = 11148–11168 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34342224 | doi = 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00507 | s2cid = 236884799 | pmc = 9036822 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Krzyzanowski A, Esser LM, Willaume A, Prudent R, Peter C, 't Hart P, Waldmann H | title = Development of Macrocyclic PRMT5-Adaptor Protein Interaction Inhibitors | journal = J. Med. Chem. | date = Nov 2022 | volume = 65 | issue = 22 | pages = 15300–15311 | doi = 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01273 | pmid = 36378254 | doi-access = free | pmc = 9706563 }} Furthermore, Asberry and co-workers synthesised the first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of the PPI between PRMT5 and MEP50.{{cite journal | vauthors = Asberry AM, Cai X, Deng X, Santiago U, Liu S, Sims HS, Liang W, Xu X, Wan J, Jiang W, Camacho CJ, Dai M, Hu CD | title = Discovery and Biological Characterization of PRMT5:MEP50 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 65 | issue = 20 | pages = 13793–13812 | date = October 2022 | pmid = 36206451 | doi = 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01000 | s2cid = 252758808 | pmc = 11167723 }} The PPI inhibitors complement a plethora of compounds directly suppressing the enzymatic activity of PRMT5.{{cite journal | vauthors = Fu S, Zheng Q, Zhang D, Lin C, Ouyang L, Zhang J, Chen L | title = Medicinal chemistry strategies targeting PRMT5 for cancer therapy | journal = European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 244 | pages = 114842 | date = December 2022 | pmid = 36274274 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114842 | s2cid = 252956172 }}

protein arginine methyltransferase 5

Interactions

References

Further reading