pueraria
{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Pueraria phaseoloides in Kadavoor.jpg
| image_caption = Pueraria phaseoloides
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Pueraria
| authority = DC. (1825)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 18; see text
| synonyms =
- Bujacia E.Mey. (1836)
- Glycine L. (1753), nom. rej.
- Zeydora Lour. ex Gomes Mach. (1868)
| synonyms_ref = {{Cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:23394-1|title=Pueraria DC. {{pipe}} Plants of the World Online {{pipe}} Kew Science|website=Plants of the World Online|access-date=17 September 2023}}
}}
Pueraria is a genus of 15–20{{cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=127620 | title = Pueraria DC.| work = Flora of Pakistan}} species of legumes native to south, east, and southeast Asia and to New Guinea and northern Australia. The best known member is kudzu, also called Japanese arrowroot.{{Cite web |title=Plants Profile for Pueraria montana (kudzu) |work=USDA |access-date=16 March 2019 |url= https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=pumo }}{{GRIN | Pueraria montana var. lobata | 314966 | access-date = 16 March 2019}} The genus is named after 19th century Swiss botanist Marc Nicolas Puerari.
Plants in the genus are lianas, shrubs, or climbing herbs, usually with large tuberous roots. Typical habitats include seasonally-dry tropical and subtropical forest, rain forest, forest margins, and scrub vegetation, often on limestone outcrops and in rocky areas.
The genus, as traditionally circumscribed, is polyphyletic, with different species being more related to other species in the tribe Phaseoleae.{{ cite journal |author1=Lee, J |author2=Hymowitz, T. | title = A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Subtribe Glycininae (Leguminosae) Derived from the Chloroplast DNA RPS16 Intron Sequences | journal = American Journal of Botany | year = 2001 | volume = 88 | issue = 11 | pages = 2064–2073 | doi = 10.2307/3558432 | jstor = 3558432 | publisher = Botanical Society of America |pmid=21669638 }} Current research, reproduced below, splits the genus into five clades, one of which defines the current monophyletic genus.
Species
The genus Pueraria is highly polyphyletic; the below list is divided by clade following the result of A.N.Egan & B.Pan (2016).{{cite journal |last1=Egan |first1=Ashley N. |last2=Vatanparast |first2=Mohammad |last3=Cagle |first3=William |title=Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=November 2016 |volume=104 |pages=44–59 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.001|pmid=27495827 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016MolPE.104...44E |hdl=10342/4191 |hdl-access=free }} [https://thescholarship.ecu.edu/bitstream/handle/10342/4191/Cagle_ecu_0600M_11006.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Earlier version, 2013 MSc thesis.] In 2015, the authors validly published their proposal in Phytotaxa.{{cite journal |last1=Egan |first1=Ashley N. |last2=Pan |first2=Bo |title=Resolution of polyphyly in Pueraria (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae): The creation of two new genera, Haymondia and Toxicopueraria, the resurrection of Neustanthus, and a new combination in Teyleria |journal=Phytotaxa |date=3 July 2015 |volume=218 |issue=3 |pages=201 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.218.3.1 |doi-access=free}} {{As of|2022|02}}, Kew Plants of the World Online database accepts these names.
= ''Pueraria'' sensu stricto =
Pueraria sensu stricto includes the vast majority of species in the genus. They fall into a single clade sister to or containing Nogra.
- P. alopecuroides Craib
- P. calycina Franch.
- P. candollei Benth.
- P. edulis Pamp.{{ cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=127620 | title = Pueraria | work = Chinese Plant Names }}
- P. imbricata Maesen
- P. lacei Craib
- P. mirifica Airy Shaw & Suvat. (= P. candollei var. mirifica in Egan)
- P. montana (Lour.) Merr.{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=pueraria+montana+chinensis|title=Search results: pueraria montana chinensis|website=The Plant List}} – US invasive population comes from a hybrid of more than one of the subspecies.{{ cite journal | last1 = Sun | first1 = J. H. | last2 = Li | first2 = Z.-C. | last3 = Jewett | first3 = D. K. | last4 = Britton | first4 = K. O. | last5 = Ye | first5 = W. H. | last6 = Ge | first6 = X.-J. | title = Genetic Diversity of Pueraria lobata (Kudzu) and Closely Related Taxa as Revealed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Analysis | journal = Weed Research | year = 2005 | volume = 45 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–260 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00462.x | bibcode = 2005WeedR..45..255S }}
- Pueraria montana var. chinensis (Ohwi) Sanjappa & Pradeep (= P. chinensis, although ILDS and the plant list instead consider P. thomsonii the synonym)
- Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep (= P. lobata)
- Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (Benth.) Wiersema ex D.B. Ward (= P. thomsonii, missing in ILDS)
- P. pulcherrima (Koord.) Koord.-Schum.
- P. sikkimensis Prain
- P. tuberosa (Roxb.ex Willd.) DC. – type species
= Provisionally retained =
The following are not included in the 2016 study due to insufficient material for sequencing. They are accepted by POWO.
- P. bella Prain: conflicting proposals assigning either to the main clade or to Neonotonia (morphology).
- P. bouffordii H. Ohashi: presumably in the main clade (morphology).
- P. grandiflora Bo Pan & Bing Liu: presumably in the main clade (morphology).
- P. xyzhuii H. Ohashi & Iokawa: presumably in the main clade (morphology).
The following are not included in Egan et al. 2016 for other reasons, but are accepted by Kew POWO:
- P. garhwalensis L.R.Dangwal & D.S.Rawat: excluded per van der Maesen (2002)
- P. neocaledonica Harms: not mentioned
= Former members =
The rest of the genus fall into four clades, sorted by distance from the main clade:
- Neustanthus Benth. – sister to Sinodolichos
- P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.{{cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=101&taxon_id=127620 | work = Taiwan Plant Names | title = Pueraria DC.}} → N. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.
P. edulis, P. montana, and N. phaseoloides make up what is known as kudzu. The morphological differences between these species are subtle.{{ cite journal |author1=Jewett, D. K. |author2=Jiang, C. J. |author3=Britton, K. O. |author4=Sun, J. H. |author5=Tang, J. | title = Characterizing Specimens of Kudzu and Related Taxa with RAPD's | journal = Castanea | volume = 68 | issue = 3 | pages = 254–260 | issn = 0008-7475 | year = 2003 | publisher = Southern Appalachian Botanical Society | jstor = 4034173 }}
- N. phaseoloides var. javanicus (= P. javanica (Benth.) Benth.)
- N. phaseoloides var. phaseoloides
- N. phaseoloides var. subspicatus
- Teyleria
- P. stricta Kurz → T. stricta
- Toxicopueraria A.N.Egan & B.Pan – sister to Cologania
- P. peduncularis Grah. → T. peduncularis
- P. yunnanensis Franchet.→ T. yunnanensis
- Haymondia A.N.Egan & B.Pan – notably lies out of Glycininae near Kennediinae; known for a long time to be misplaced
- P. wallichii DC. → H. wallichii
The following names are not accepted even before Egan 2016 but have seen valid publication:
- P. omeiensis Wang et Tang – P. montana:{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000207158|title=Pueraria omeiensis T.Tang & Wang|website=World Flora Online}} unaccepted name after Mount Omei.
- P. stracheyi Baker → Apios carnea (Wall.) Benth. ex Baker.
- P. maclurei (F. P. Metcalf) F. J. Herm. → Sinodolichos lagopus – still accepted by WFO
References
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