red-fan parrot
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Red-fan parrot
| image = Deroptyus accipitrinus or Red-fan Parrot on ground.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Deroptyus
| parent_authority = Wagler, 1832
| species = accipitrinus
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)
| range_map = Deroptyus accipitrinus map.svg| synonyms = Psittacus accipitrinus {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
| display_parents = 2
}}
The red-fan parrot (Deroptyus accipitrinus), also known as the hawk-headed parrot, is a New World parrot hailing from the Amazon Rainforest. It is the only member of the genus Deroptyus.
It is found in Brazil, Suriname, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, areas of northeast Peru, Venezuela, French Guiana and Guyana.
Taxonomy
The red-fan parrot was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus accipitrinus.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=102 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727007 }} Linnaeus based his description on the "hawk-headed parrot" that had been described and illustrated in 1751 by the English naturalist George Edwards in the fourth volume of his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds.{{ cite book | last=Edwards | first=George | author-link=George Edwards (naturalist) | year=1751 | title=A Natural History of Uncommon Birds | location=London | publisher=Printed for the author at the College of Physicians | volume=4 | page=165 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50196387 }} Linnaeus mistakenly specified the type locality as India. It was redesignated as Cayenne in French Guiana by Carl Hellmayr in 1905.{{ cite journal | last=Hellmayr | first=Carl Eduard | author-link=Carl Eduard Hellmayr | year=1905 | title=Notes on a collection of birds made by Mons. A. Robert in the district of Pará, Brazil | journal=Novitates Zoologicae | volume=12 | pages=269–305 [303] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3479053 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1937 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=3 | publisher=Harvard University Press | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=224 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477939 }} The red-fan parrot is now the only species placed in the genus Deroptyus that was introduced in 1832 by the German naturalist Johann Wagler.{{ cite journal | last=Wagler | first=Johann Georg | author-link=Johann Georg Wagler | year=1832 | title=Monographia Psittacorum | journal=Abhandlungen der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe, Königlich-Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften | volume=1 | pages=463–750 [492] | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11355752 }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2022 | title=Parrots, cockatoos | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/parrots/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=19 March 2022 }} The genus name combines the Ancient Greek {{Transliteration|grc|derē}} meaning "neck" with {{Transliteration|grc|ptuon}} meaning "fan". The specific epithet accipitrinus is from Latin and means "hawk-like".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n133/mode/1up 133], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n30/mode/1up 30]}}
Two subspecies are recognised:
Description
The red-fan parrot possesses elongated neck feathers that can be raised to form an elaborate fan, which greatly increases the bird's apparent size, and is possibly used when threatened. It generally lives in undisturbed forest, feeding in the canopy on fruits. It has a dark brown face with white streaks, bare black patch round its brown eye, green wings, flanks and tail and red and blue barred breast.
Behavior
The bird nests in holes in trees and stumps. Two to three eggs are normally laid, hatching after approximately 26 days.{{Cite web|title = Hawk-headed Parrot|url = http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/Other_Parrots/HawkHeadedParrot.php|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051025130036/http://www.animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/Other_Parrots/HawkHeadedParrot.php|url-status = dead|archive-date = October 25, 2005|website = Animal World|access-date = 2016-01-30|last = Animal-World}} The young start to fledge in the wild at approximately 10 weeks old. Only two nests have been examined in the wild; both had one chick.
It is not considered threatened, but is listed on CITES Appendix II (as are most parrots not listed on Appendix I).
Aviculture
Red-fan parrots, although not particularly common in aviculture, are sometimes kept as aviary birds or companion parrots. While juvenile birds tend to be docile, adults can be particularly ill-tempered, stubborn, unpredictable and strong-willed birds, showing extreme aggression towards humans and other birds housed with them (including others of their own species and/or their own mates), particularly when in breeding condition. Red-fan parrots, when kept as pets tend to bond with one person and require firm handling and a patient owner, experienced in both bird-keeping and the reading of parrot body language. However, as with all parrots, temperament can vary greatly from individual to individual and some red-fan parrots make excellent companions.{{cite web|title=Hawk-headed Parrot|url=http://www.honoluluzoo.org/hawk-headed_parrot.htm|access-date=2009-06-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506030925/http://www.honoluluzoo.org/hawk-headed_parrot.htm|archive-date=2009-05-06}}{{cite web|title=Hawk-headed Parrot...Get Facts, See Pictures And Read What Hawk-head Owners Say|url=http://www.parrot-and-conure-world.com/hawkheaded-parrot.html|access-date=2009-06-22}}{{cite web|title=Hawk-headed Parrots|url=http://www.petbirdbreeder.com/hawkhead.htm|access-date=2009-06-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903151345/http://www.petbirdbreeder.com/hawkhead.htm|archive-date=2009-09-03}}{{cite web|title=Old World Aviaries: Hawk-headed Parrots|url=http://www.oldworldaviaries.com/text/lewis/hawk_heads.html|access-date=2009-06-22}}
Gallery
File:Deroptyus accipitrinus -captive -upper body-8a.jpg
File:Deroptyus accipitrinus -upper body -pet-8b.jpg|Pet parrot showing its fan
File:Deroptyus accipitrinus -National Zoo -Washington DC -USA-8.jpg|At the National Zoo, United States
File:Kraagpapegaai.jpg|Pet
File:Deroptyus accipitrinus-20090405.jpg
File:Deroptyus accipitrinus-20090208.jpg
File:Deroptyus accipitrinus MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.148.7.jpg|Deroptyus accipitrinus - MHNT
References
{{Reflist}}
- Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol 4 Edited by del Hoyo, Elliott and Sargatal {{ISBN|84-87334-22-9}}
{{Psittacopasseres|Ps.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q913090}}
Category:Birds of the Venezuelan Amazon
Category:Birds of the Guiana Shield